Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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TRANSFER GEN -1,3-GLUCANASE DARI JAMUR Trichoderma asperillum PADA KALUS ABAKA UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM
Get PDFABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat pola perbanyakan secara vegetatif yang terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai dengan Mei 2009.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap sebagai berikut: transfer gen -1,3-Glucanase pada kalus abaka embriogenik, regenerasi tunas dan planletabaka transforman, dan konfirmasi planlet abaka transforman yangmengandung gen Gus dan -1,3-Glucanase. Transfer gen dilakukanmelalui vektor A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang mengandung plasmidpB2GW7 berisi gen-gen -1,3-Glucanase, Gus ( -glucuronidase) sebagaigen pelapor dan Bar (Basta resistance) sebagai gen penyeleksi. Kalusabaka klon UB-13 embriogenik berukuran 3 x 3 x 3 mm 3 direndam dalamsuspensi A. tumefaciens, kemudian ditanam pada media kokultivasi selama2 hari. Setelah kokultivasi, kalus dipindahkan ke media MS cair+Timentin100 ppm selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya kalus dipindahkan ke mediainduksi kalus (MK) yaitu MS + BAP 5 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,4 mg/l +vitamin C 100 mg/l + Basta 50 ppm + Timentin 100 ppm. Regenerasitunas dilakukan dengan memindahkan kalus transforman ke media induksitunas (MT): MS+BAP 0,5 mg/l + vitamin C 100 mg/l dengan penambahandan tanpa Timentin 100 ppm. Tunas transforman dengan tinggi 2-3 cmdipindahkan ke dalam media induksi akar (MA) : MS + arang aktif 2 g/ldengan penambahan dan tanpa Timentin 50 ppm. Keberadaan gen Gusdideteksi dengan reaksi histokimia, dan konfirmasi keberadaan gen -1,3-Glucanase dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Daripenelitian berhasil diperoleh 2% kalus transforman yang lolos seleksiBasta. Hasil konfirmasi keberadaan gen Gus pada planlet transformanmenunjukkan 9 dari 20 (45%) planlet yang diuji, positif mengandung genGus. Konfirmasi keberadaan gen -1,3-Glucanase dengan PCRmenunjukkan hanya 2 dari 20 planlet transforman, positif mengandung -1,3-Glucanase. Pengujian ketahanan dari plantlet transgenik tersebut perludilakukan terhadap Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc).Kata kunci: Musa textilis Nee., transformasi gen, -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, penyakit, jamur patogen,FusariumABSTRACTThe main constraint of abaca (Musa textilis Nee.) cultivation isinfection of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense(Foc). The effort to improve abaca resistance through hybridization is stilldifficult due to narrow genetic variability resulted from continuousvegetative multiplication. Transformation of -1,3-Glucanase resistancegene is an alternative way to improve character of genetic resistance withhelp of Agrobacterium oxisporum. The research aimed at introducing -1,3-Glucanase gene to abaca plants prior to obtaining the plants resistanceagainst Fusarium wilt diseases. The research was conducted inBiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya Universityand Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre CropsResearch Institute, from June 2007 to May 2009. This experimentconsisted of three steps, namely: -1,3-Glucanase gene transfer onto abacaembriogenic calli, regeneration of transgene abaca shoots and plantlets,and confirmation of transgene abaca plantlets containing Gus and -1,3-Glucanase genes. Gene transfer was performed using A. tumefaciensvector strain LBA4404 with pB2GW7 containing genes of -1,3-Glucanase and Gus ( -glucuronidase) as reporter, and Bar (Bastaresistance) as selector marker. Embriogenic calli of abaca clone UB-13were soaked in A. tumefaciens suspension and then cultured in co-cultivation medium for two days. After co-cultivation, calli weretransferred to liquid of MS medium + 100 ppm Timentine for two weeks.Furthermore, the calli were sub-cultured into callus induction medium :MS + 5 mg BAP/l + 0.4 mg Thidiazuron/l + 100 mg vitamin C/l + 50 ppmBasta + 100 ppm Timentine. Shoots regeneration was conducted bytransferring transgene calli to shoot induction medium : MS + 0.5 mg/lBAP + 100 mg vitamin C/l with and without addition of 100 ppmTimentine. Transgene shoots with 2-3 cm height were sub-cultured to rootinduction medium : MS + 2 g active charcoal/l with and without additionof 50 ppm Timentine. Detection of Gus gene was conducted usinghistochemical reaction, while confirmation of -1,3-Glucanase gene wasperformed by PCR. This project resulted in 2% transgene calli passingBasta selection. Nine out of 20 plantlets (45%) confirmed the existance ofGus gene. PCR results showed that only 2 out of 20 transformed plantlets positively contained -1,3-Glucanase gene. The plantlets resistanceagainst Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc) needs to be evaluated.Key words: Musa textilis Nee, gene transformation, -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant disease, fungal disease,Fusariu
PENAMBAHAN KLORIDA DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BEBERAPA JENIS TANAH UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT
Get PDFABSTRAKKelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berkembang pesat di Indonesiadan penggunaan pupuk meningkat. Pada awalnya pupuk KClmemperhitungkan hara K, namun diketahui hara Cl juga merupakan haramikro esensial. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari penambahan Cl danbahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar Cl dalam tanaman danakar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanah, Bogor, tahun 2011. Contoh tanah diambil dari Cinangneng, Bogor(Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols), Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols), danSumatera Selatan (Gambut). Bibit kelapa sawit varietas Avros umur tigabulan ditanam dalam polibag dan dipanen setelah berumur 8 bulan.Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, dengan petak utamaempat jenis tanah, dan empat anak petak, yaitu (1) Kontrol (-Cl), (2) KCl,(3) NPK, dan (4) KCl + bahan organik. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali.Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot keringtanaman dan akar, analisis Cl dalam tanah, daun, dan akar. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian Cl menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapasawit pada Oxisols, namun meningkatkan pada Inceptisols, Ultisols, danGambut. Pemberian bahan jenis organik nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhankelapa sawit pada ke empat tanah. Pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkanbobot kering tanaman kelapa sawit pada Inceptisols, Oxisols, dan Gambut,namun meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman pada Ultisols. Pemberian haraCl meningkatkan bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada ke empatjenis tanah, namun meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam akar kelapa sawit,sedangkan pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam daun,kecuali pada Oxisols. Pemberian bahan organik menurunkan kadar Cldalam daun pada Ultisols dan tanah Gambut.Kata kunci: bahan organik, Elaeis guineensis, jenis tanah, klorida,pertumbuhanABSTRACTOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was growing rapidly in Indonesiaand fertilizers use increased. Initially KCl were calculated as K nutrient,but it is known that Cl is also an essential micronutrients. The researchaimed at studying the Cl and organic matter application on growth and Clcontent in plants and roots of oil palm. The study was conducted in thegreenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor, in 2011. Soil samples weretaken from Cinangneng, Bogor (Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols),Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols) and South Sumatra (Peat). AVROS varieties ofoil palm seedlings used 3 months being planted in polybags and harvestedafter 8 months. The experiment design used was split plot design, withfour soil types as main plot, and four sub plots e.i. (1) Control (-Cl), (2)KCl, (3) NPK, and (4) KCl + organic matter. Every treatment repeatedfour times. Parameters observed are plant height, stem diameter, plant androot dry weight and Cl analysis in soil, leaves, and roots. The resultshowed that Cl application decreasing oil palm growth in Oxisols. Organicmatter application siqnificant increase of oil palm growth on the fourthsoil. The application of Cl nutrient did not increase the dry weight of plantin Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Peat soil, but increased the dry weight of plantson Ultisols. The application of Cl did not increase root dry weight in thefour soils, but increased Cl content in the roots in the four soil. While theapplication of Cl did not increase of Cl content in leaves, except inOxisols. Organic matter application can reduce the content of Cl in theleaves on the Ultisols and Peat soil.Key words: organic matter, Elaeis guineensis, soil type, chloride, growt
PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA HIBRIDA KHINA-1 DAN PB-121 DI LAHAN MINERAL DAN GAMBUT
No full textPenelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan mineral dan lahan gambut Perkebunan Kelapa PT. Sac Nusantara di Kecamatan Mcsudji, Kabupaten Tulangbawang, Propinsi Lampung selama dua tahun (Juni 1999 - Juni 2001). lokasi penelitian terletak pada kelinggian 9 - 23 m dpi. dengan jenis tanah mineral yakni Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) dan lahan gambut rawa lebak yang tidak dipengaruhi pasang surul air laut. Curah hujan tahunan 2100 mm dengan 8 bulan basah dan 4 bulan kering. Jenis kelapa yang digunakan yakni kelapa hibrida PB-121 (MYDxWAT) dan KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) yang ditanam tahun 1992 pada jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m segitiga. Penanaman menggunakan sistem blok yang luasnya antara 15 - 20 ha dan 10 blok diantaranya pada setiap ekosistem ditanami kelapa hibrida PB-121 dan KHINA-1. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan jenis hibrida sebagai perlakuan dan blok sebagai ulangan Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas kelapa hibida PB-121 dan KHINA-1 skala pengembangan di lahan mineral dan gambut. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat-sifat jumlah tandan/ph/Oi, jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah, berat daging dan berat kopra/ph/th selama 24 bulan panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat intcraksi antara genolip x lingkungan tumbuh pada semua sifat. Jumlah landan/ph/th sangat dipengaruhi lingkungan tumbuh sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan. jumlah buah/ph/th, berat dagingphth dan berat kopra/ph/th dipengaruhi genolip lanaman. Di lahan gambut jumlah tandan/ph/th lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan lahan mineral, sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah/ph/th, berat daging/ph/th dan berat kopra/ph/th kelapa hibrida KHINA-1 lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan PB-121, baik di lahan mineral maupun lahan gambut. Hal itu merupakan suatu indikasi bahwa KHINA-1 lebih adaliT terhadap berbagai lingkungan tumbuh.Kata kunci: Kelapa, produktivitas, kelapa hibrida, lahan mineral, lahan gambut ABSTRACTProductivity of hybrid coconut KHINA-1 and PB-121 in mineral and peat soilThis research was conducted in mineral and peat soil of PT. Sac Nusantara Coconut Plantation at Mesudji District, Tulangbawang Regency, Lampung Province for two years (June 1999 - June 2001). The altitudes were 9-23 meters above sea level, type of mineral soil is Red Yellow Podsolic (PMK) and peat soil of low lands wamps. 'The rainfalls were 2100 millimeters a year with 8 wet months and 4 dry mondis. The experiment used two coconut varieties i.e.: PB-121 (MYDxWAT) and KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) hybrid, planted in 1992 with plant spacing 9 m x 9 m triangle. The plant planting used in block system were 15 - 20 Ha. a width and 10 blocks among these on each ecosystem planted PB-121 and KHINA-1 hybrids. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two hybrids as a treatment and blocks as replication. The objective of this study was to know the production of PB-121 and KHINA- 1 on a developed scale in mineral and peat soil. The observation character was done during 24 months to die number of bunch/palm/year, number of nut/bunch, total number of nut, weight of meat and weight of copra/ palm/year. Results of the experiment showed that there was genotype x environment interaction of die caracters observed. The number of bunch/ palm/year caused by environment conditions but the number of nut/ bunch, he total number of nut, weight of meal and weight of copra/palm/ycar were caused by genotype. On the peat soil, the total number of bunch/ palm/year higher than die mineral soil. The number of nuts/hunch. number of nuts.palm/year, weight of meat/palm/year and weight of copra/palm/ycar of the KHINA-1 in the peal soil were higher than those of PB-121 hybrid in mineral and peal soil. This indicated that KHINA-1 hybrid was more adaptive to the cnvironmcnl conditions.Key words : Coconut, productivity, hybrid coconut, mineral soil, peat soi
EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK NITROGEN (ZA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SERTA POPULASI BAKTERI DAN KADAR N TOTAL TANAH
No full textEffectiveness of biofertilizer and IS fertilizer (ZA) in increasing the yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves, population of soil bacteria and soil /V contentThe experiment was conducted in inceptisol soil, Bondowoso, from June 1998 to March 1999. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of biofertilizer and N rates on population of soil bacteria and total N soil content, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves The experiment was designed in factorial randomized block with two factors and four replicates Factor one consisted of two levels of biofertilizer (0 and I l/ha) and factor two was three levels of N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N/ha). Biofertilizer was sprayed before planting and N fertilizer was added twice, at 10 and 21 days ater planting, half dosage each PjO^ (40 kg/ha) and K20 (90 kg/ha) were added as basal fertilizer. Biofertilizer (1% product) was sprayed into the plant holes (volume 100 l/ha) prior lo planting of tobacco seedlings. Results showed that interaction between biofertilizer and 2S kg N/ha treatments increased fresh leaves yield by 22% and cured leaves by 30%, and also resulted in a high value of crop index (110.16) Quality index was only increased (5%) by addition of biofertilizer In the laboratory, the combination treatment of biofertilizer and N also increased the population of bacteria and total N content of soil that was incubated for 2 weeks
PERUBAHAN BIOLOGIS DAN FISIOLOGIS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR MASAK BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA
Get PDFABSTRAKProgram pengembangan dan rehabilitasi tanaman kakao membutuh-kan benih bermutu. Mutu benih antara lain ditentukan oleh saat panenyang tepat, terutama berhubungan dengan masak fisiologis. Beberapaindikator penting yang berkaitan dengan masak fisiologis benih adalahkarakteristik biologis dan fisiologis. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan diKebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao (Puslitkoka) Jember,Laboratorium Fisika dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB,serta Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitan Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia,Bogor pada bulan Februari-September 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk(1) mempelajari perubahan biologis dan fisiologis selama perkembanganbenih kakao hibrida, (2) mengetahui hubungan antar berbagai karakterbiologis dan fisiologis benih yang mencerminkan mutu benih, dan (3)menentukan saat panen yang tepat benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 xSca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari hasilpersilangan buatan antara kakao TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6.Umur panen benih yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 120, 135, 150,165, dan 180 hari yang dihitung saat setelah antesis, dan setiappengamatan diulang 4 kali. Analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk grafikdengan data primer ditambah standar deviasi dalam program Excel danuntuk mengetahui hubungan dari masing-masing karakter mutu benihdilakukan ”analisis path” menggunakan SAS dari Windows v 9.1. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan dua fase perkembangan benih. Fase perkem-bangan hingga masak fisiologis (fase 1) dan fase setelah masak fisiologis(fase 2) kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Masakfisiologis benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 tercapai pada saat 150HSA dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 pada 165 HSA. Daya kecambah, indeks vigor,K CT -R, T 50 , bobot basah dan bobot kering benih, karotenoid dan antosianinbenih dan buah, jumlah daun, dan tinggi bibit dari benih kakao hibridaTSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 mencapai maksimum pada saatmasak fisiologis dan menurun pada fase kedua. Selama periodeperkembangan benih terjadi penurunan total klorofil benih dan buah,sedangkan warna buah kuning mengalami peningkatan. Karakter yangberhubungan langsung dengan mutu benih pada saat masak fisiologisbenih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 adalah warnabuah kuning, indeks vigor, total klorofil benih dan buah, karotenoid danantosianin benih, T 50 , tinggi bibit, K CT -R, dan bobot kering benih.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao, biologi benih, fisiologi benih, karakteristikbenih, mutu benihABSTRACTBiological and Physiological Changes as Indicator ofMaturity of Hybrid Cacao SeedThe development and rehabilitation programs of cacao need highquality seeds. The high quality of cacao seeds is influenced by seedsphysiological maturity and harvesting time. Several important indicatorsrelated to the seed physiological maturity are biological and physiologicalcharacters. The research objectives were: (1) to study biological andphysiological changes during of seed development, (2) to study on thecorrelation of various characteristics related with seeds physiology andquality, (3) to determine the most appropriate harvesting time for hybridcacao seed of TSH 858 x Sca 6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6. The research wasconducted at Coffee and Cacao Research Institute of Indonesia(Puslitkoka) in Jember, IPB Biophysics and Seeds and TechnologyLaboratory and Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate CropsIndonesia glass house in Bogor from February to September 2008. Theseeds were originated from hand pollination of TSH 858 vs Sca 6 and ICS60 vs Sca 6 hybrids from Puslitkoka Jember. The seeds for this researchwere harvested on: 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 days after anthesis (DAA);with four replications each. Data were analyzed and presented as graphs,standard deviation in excel; while the relationship of each character ofseeds quality was determined using path analysis by SAS for Windows v.9.1. The results showed that the seed physiological changed on two phasesduring its development. The first phase started from seeds development upto physiological maturity for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and as well ICS 60 x Sca 6hybrids, and second phases started after physiological maturity. Thephysiological maturity of each seeds is 150 DAA for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and165 DAA for ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids. Seed germination percentage, vigorindex, germination rate (K CT -R and T 50 ), wet and dry weight of seed, seedsand fruits carotenoid content, seed and fruit anthocyanin content, numberof leaves, and height of seedling reached maximum when seed achievedphysiological maturity and decreased afterward. During seed development,there was decreasing of seeds and fruits chlorophyll content and increasedfor the yellow color of fruit. The characters which showed directcorrelation with seeds quality during seed development of TSH 858 x Sca6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids are: yellow color of fruit, vigor index,chlorophyll content for seeds and fruit, seed carotenoid and anthocyanincontent, germination rate (T 50, K CT -R), seedling height and seed dry weight.Key words: Theobroma cacao, seed biological, seed physiological, seedcharacteristic, seed qualit
KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)
Get PDFABSTRAKAmrasca biguttula (Ishida) adalah serangga hama pengisap daunyang sangat potensial menurunkan produktivitas kapas. Pengendaliannyasecara kimiawi menimbulkan banyak masalah lingkungan, sepertipencemaran dan peningkatan resistensi hama terhadap insektisida kimiasintetis. Salah satu solusi dalam masalah tersebut adalah penggunaanvarietas tahan (resisten) yang juga merupakan bagian dari pengendalianhama terpadu (PHT) pada kapas. Penelitian ketahanan beberapa aksesikapas terhadap A. biguttula (Ishida) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Asembagus, Situbondo, mulaiJanuari hingga Desember 2006. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahuiketahanan beberapa aksesi kapas terhadap serangan hama pengisap daun,A. biguttula. Sebagai perlakuan adalah 30 aksesi kapas yang ditanamdalam plot berukuran 10 m x 3 m, dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm,satu tanaman per lobang. Setiap aksesi disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlahnimfa A. biguttula per daun, jumlah bulu daun per cm 2 luas daun, danposisi bulu terhadap lamina (tegak/rebah), serta skor kerusakan tanaman.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap aksesi kapas berpotensiterserang A. biguttula, meskipun tingkat populasi hama ini tidakmenunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar aksesi. Terjadi korelasi negatif (R 2 =0,2425) antara jumlah bulu daun dan populasi nimfa A. biguttula danantara jumlah bulu daun dan skor kerusakan tanaman (R 2 = 0,2027).Berdasarkan jumlah bulu daun, aksesi kapas yang termasuk kategorisedikit berbulu dengan kriteria ketahanan sedikit tahan adalah: AC 134,Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9.Sedangkan aksesi lainnya termasuk kategori tidak berbulu dan pekaterhadap serangan A. biguttula.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, aksesi, hama, Amrascabiguttula (Ishida), toleran, peka, kerusakan, Jawa TimurABSTRACTResistance of several cotton accessions to sucking insectpest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida)Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) is a sucking insect pest which potentiallyreduces cotton productivity. Its chemical control often cause environ-mental problems mainly air pollution and increase of pest resistance tocertain chemical insecticides. One solution can be used to solve theseproblems is by using resistant variety that is also an integral part of theintegrated pest management (IPM). Study on the resistance of severalcotton accessions to sucking insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) wasconducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Tobacco andFiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Asembagus, Situbondo, EastJava, from January to December 2006. The objective of the study was tofind out the resistance of cotton accessions to sucking insect pest. Thirtyaccessions of cotton were used as treatment and were planted in plots 10 mx 3 m with plant spacing 100 cm x 25 cm, one plant per hole. Eachaccession was arranged in a randomized block design with threereplications. Parameters observed were number of nymph of A. biguttula,number of leaf hair, leaf hairs position (erect or lie down), and score ofdamage. The result showed that every accession of cotton can be attackedby A. biguttula although the insect population was not significantlydifferent among accessions. There is negative correlation (R 2 = 0.2425)between number of leaf hair and population of A. biguttula and betweennumber of leaf hair and score of plant damage (R 2 = 0.2027). Accessionsthat categorized as lightly hairy and moderately resistant to A. biguttulawere AC 134, Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8,and Kanesia 9, while the others were categorized as glabrous andsusceptible to the sucking pest.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, accession, insect pest, Amrascabiguttula (Ishida), tolerant, sensitive, damage, East Ja
WAKTU TANAM KAPAS DI SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textCotton Planting Times in South SulawesiClimatic elements particularly the rainfall strongly influences successful production of rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Planting times determined based on more than 20 years daily rainfall data. The rainfall was analyzed using Markov Chain First Order Probability and dryspell probability methods The rainfall data were collected from 46 rainfall stations over Jeneponto, Soppeng, Wajo, Gowa, Bone. Bulukumba. Bantaeng, and Takalar. The planting times varied from the irst week to the fourth week of December for Jeneponto, Takalar, and mostly Gowa. The planting times in Soppeng and Wajo were ranged from the third week of February to the third week of March. Morever, cotton planting times in Bone and Bulukumba were ranged from the third week of March to the third week of April
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAGU SEBAGAI PENGENDALIAN GULMA PADA LADA PERDU
Get PDFABSTRAKLimbah sagu di samping dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahanorganik juga potensial digunakan sebagai amelioran dan herbisida nabati.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah sagu dan carapenyiangan gulma terhadap populasi gulma dan pertumbuhan ladaperdu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Institut PertanianBogor (IPB) dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik Balittro) dari bulan Mei 2003 sampai April 2004. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan petak terbagi yang disusun secara faktorial. Carapenyiangan gulma (S) sebagai petak utama dan komposisi limbah sagu(L) sebagai anak petak. Susunan perlakuan sebagai berikut: S 1 =penyiangan bersih dan S 2 = penyiangan terbatas. Komposisi limbahsagu terdiri dari L 0 = tanpa bahan organik; L 1 = 100% limbah sagu, L 2= 100% limbah sagu, dekomposisi 1 bulan, L 3 = 100% limbah sagudekomposisi 2 bulan; L 4 = 75% limbah sagu + 25% kompos; L 5 = 75%limbah sagu + 25% kompos, dekomposisi 1 bulan; L 6 = 75% limbahsagu + 25% kompos, dekomposisi 2 bulan; L 7 = 50% limbah sagu +50% kompos; L 8 = 50% limbah sagu + 50% kompos, dekomposisi 1bulan; L 9 = 50% limbah sagu + 50% kompos, dekomposisi 2 bulan;L 10 = 25% limbah sagu + 75% kompos; L 11 = 25% limbah sagu + 75%kompos, dekomposisi 1 bulan; dan L 12 = 25% limbah sagu + 75%kompos, dekomposisi 2 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakandungan limbah sagu 75% limbah sagu + 25% kompos dekomposisi2 bulan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas lada perdu.Limbah sagu dengan 100% dalam bentuk segar dan dekomposisisampai 2 bulan efektif dalam menekan populasi gulma.Kata kunci: Limbah sagu, gulma, lada perduABSTRACTThe use of sago palm waste in controlling weed ondwarf pepperSago palm waste can be used as a source of organic matter;in addition, it can also be used as ameliorant and naturalherbicide. The objective of the research was to find out theeffect of sago palm waste and weeding method on the growth ofdwarf pepper and weed population. The research was conductedat the experimental garden of the Bogor Agriculture Institute andthe Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institutefrom May 2003 to April 2004. The research was arrangedfactorially in split-plot design. The main plot was weedingmethods (S) and a composition of sago palm waste (L) as the subplot. The treatments were as follows: S 1 = clean weeding and S 2= limited weeding. The composition of sago waste were Lo =non organic matter; L 1 = 100% sago waste; L 2 = 100% sagowaste of one month decomposition; L 3 = 100% sago waste of twomonths decomposition ; L 4 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost; L 5= 75% sago waste + 25% compost of one month decomposition;L 6 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost of two monthsdecomposition; L 7 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost; L 8 = 50%sago waste 50% compost of one month decomposition; L 9 = 50%sago waste + 50% compost of 2 months decomposition; L 10 =25% sago waste + 75% compost’ L 11 = 25% sago waste + 75%compost of one month decomposition; and L 12 = 25% sago waste+ 75% compost of two months decomposition. The result showedthat the composition of 75% sago waste + 25% compost of twomonths decomposition increase the growth and productivity ofdwarf pepper. The fresh (75 - 100%) sago palm waste of onemonth decomposition was effective in decreasing weedpopulation.Key words : Sago palm waste, weed, bushy black peppe
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb)
Get PDFABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obatasli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belumbanyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi danmutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di DesaSikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1)kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancanganacak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng.Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisiameningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akartanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol,tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm.Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapisetelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi danmutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidakberbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organiktanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandangtidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwocengsecara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi,diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masingberturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atausetara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha.Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan,pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa TengahABSTRACTEffect of fertilizer application on production and qualityof Pimpinella pruatjan MolkenbPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesianindigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangeredspecies, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. Theobjective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer applicationon the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research wasconducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2 were (1) control(without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 gSP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed inrandomized block designed with four replications. The result of theresearch showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36+ 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increasedthe simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisiaproduction increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the rootsincreased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants withfertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants withoutfertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part ofplant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot partwithout fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality ofsimplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizerapplication of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . Ithappened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that theapplication of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect.Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia(6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mgK/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha.Key words : Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, fertilizerapplication, growth, production, quality, Central Jav
PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TUMPANGSARI WIJEN DAN PALAWIJA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN
No full textPenelitian pengembangan usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija pada kawasan hutan dilaksanakan di KPH Saradan, Madiun mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kasus, betujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengembangkan sistem usahatani tumpangsari wijen dan palawija di kawasan hutan jati seta meningkatkan pendapatan petani penggarap di lahan Perhutani. Penelitian menggunakan areal hutan jati muda yang baru berumur 3 tahun seluas 10 ha milik Perum Perhutani kcrjasama dengan petani penggarap. Jumlah petani binaan (kooperator) sebanyak 36 orang masing-masing memiliki luas garapan 0.25 - 0.5 ha. Lahan garapan petani dibagi menjadi 2 bagian, satu bagian ditanami wijen + ubi kayu, sedangkan sisanya ditanami ubi kayu t jagung. Paket tcknologi yang ditawarkan pada petani terdiri atas penggunaan varietas unggul wijen, benih bcrmutu, tanam tepat waktu, penjarangan disisakan 2 tanaman/lubang, pemberian pupuk tepat jenis, dosis dan saat pemberiannya, serta penyiangan dilakukan sesuai keadaan gulma. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah penggunaan sarana produksi (benih, pupuk dan pestisida) beseta harganya, penggunaan (cnaga kerja keluarga dan luar keluarga beserta tingkat upah, produksi wijen dan palawija beserta harga jualnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : komponen tcknologi yang diterima dan dilaksanakan oleh petani adalah varietas unggul wijen Sumberrejo-1, benih wijen bcrmutu, waktu tanam wijen, dosis dan cara pemupukan serta penyiangan gulma. Teknologi anjuran yang belum diterima petani adalah pemupukan petama bersamaan tanam dan penjarangan tanaman wijen. Pada tumpangsari wijen + ubi kayu diperoleh rata-rata produksi wijen 657 kg dan ubi kayu basah 3 210 kg per ha. Pada tumpangsari jagung + ubi kayu diperoleh produksi jagung I 220 kg pipilan kering dan ubikayu basah 3 350 kg per ha. Pendapatan usahatani wijen + ubi kayu sebesar Rp 1 124 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 1.40, sedangkan usahatani ubi kayu + jagung mengalami kerugian Rp 424 000 per ha dengan B/C ratio 0.88.Kata kunci: Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., pendapatan petani, usahatani ABSTRACT Development of intercropping sesame and palawija in forest areaDevelopment research of sesame intercropping was conducted in KPH Saradan forest area, Madiun from March to December 2001. The research used 10 ha of 3 years old hardwood tree forest area. There were 36 farmers involved, each of them had 0.25 - 0.5 ha (o work on. The land was divided in(o 2 pats, one pat was planted with sesame and cassava, while the other pat was planted with cassava and com. The technology offered to the farmer consisted of: the use of superior variety, good seed, on schedule plantation, thinning up to 2 plants/hole, proper fetilizer, proper dose and application, and weeding. Parameters observed consisted of production input (i.e. seeds, fetilizer and pesticide) with the price, use of family worker and outside family worker with the salary rate, sesame and palawija production with their selling prices. The result showed that the technology accepted by the farmer was Sumberrejo 1 superior sesame variety, superior sesame seed, schedule of seed planting, fetilizer dossage and application, and weeding. The recommended technology that was not accepted yet by (he farmers was first fertilizer application at planting time and thinning of sesame. Area of sesame intercropped with cassava produced 657 kg of sesame and 3 210 kg of cassava per ha. Area of cassava intercropped with com produced 3 350 kg of cassava and 1 220 kg of com per ha. There was a profit of Rp 1 124 000 per ha in sesame + cassava intercropping with B/C ratio 1.40, while there was a financial lost of Rp 424 000 every ha in cassava + com intercropping with B/C ratio 0.88.Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L„ farmer's income, intercroppin