Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PRODUKSI ENSIM KARBOKSI METIL SELULASE DAN EKSO-POLIGALAKTURONASE SERTA PERANANNYA DALAM MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PATOGENSITAS
No full textCarboxy methyl selulase and exo-polygalacturonase enzymes production and their role in determining the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from gingerBacterial wilt disease on ginger (Zingiber oicinale Roscoe) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most destructive disease Infected tissues show macerated symptom on infected hosts indicating that the pathogen produces plant digestive enzymes. This research was aimed at analizing carboxymethylccllulasc (CMC-ase) and exopolygalacturonase (cxo-PG) enzymes production by the pathogen. In vitro production of CMC-ase of both virulent and avirulcnt isolates of R solanacearum was measured from diameter of clearing zone around bacterial colony on CMC medium whereas exo-PG was measured by the reduction of Na- polygalacturonatc by filtrate of the pathogen culture. Virulence of the pathogen was tested on tomato cultivar Gondol Hijau by pouring 50 ml of pathogen suspension (I07 cfu/ml) around roots of the plant and it was also tested on ginger cultivar Jahe Putih Besar by pricking suspension of pathogen into rhizome and basal pscudostcm of the plant. The results showed that CMC-ase and and PG-asc were produced by virulent isolates of R. solanacearum al 2.23 cm clear zone and 0.662 mg eq. glucose/ml/hour/ODiti, respectively. The avirulent isolates, however. correlated with disease intensity of the isolates. Disease intensity of the virulent isolates was 0.6 and 0.96 on tomato and on ginger plants respectively, whereas the avirulent isolates was 0.04 and 0.00 respectively. Therefore, CMC-ase and exo-PG are important in determining pathogenicity level of/?, solanacearum
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT MORFOLOGI DAN PENYEBARAN KAYU AKWAY (Drymis sp.) DI PAPUA BARAT
Get PDFABSTRAKKayu akway merupakan tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakanoleh masyarakat suku Arfak di Papua Barat. Tanaman ini digunakansebagai obat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan seksual dan stamina untukberaktivitas. Penelitian mengenai karakter morfologi dan penyebarantanaman akway telah dilakukan di Distrik Menyambouw, Manokwari padaketinggian 1.200, 1.600, 2.000, dan 2.400 m dml sejak bulan Septembersampai November 2007. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah petaktunggal berdasarkan fase pertumbuhan yang ditentukan secara purposifdibuat sebanyak 3 petak sehingga setiap ketinggian diperoleh 12 petakpercobaan dimana masing-masing petak diambil 3 sampel untuk masing-masing spesies yang ditemukan. Hasil identifikasi morfologi dari sampeltanaman yang ada ditemukan tiga jenis kayu akway pada berbagaiketinggian, yaitu : kayu akway putih (Drymis winterii), merah besar(Drymis piperita), dan merah kecil (Drymis beccariana). Perbedaanmorfologi dari ketiga spesies ditunjukkan oleh pepagan bagian luar, arahtumbuh batang, model aksitektur, warna pucuk, warna daun, susunan daun,bentuk helaian daun, dan tepi daun. Hasil analisis fitokomia dari ekstrakdaun, kulit batang, dan akar dari ketiga spesies kayu akway terbuktimengandung senyawa afrodisiak seperti : saponin, alkaloid, dan steroid.Populasi tanaman kayu akway putih jumlahnya meningkat pada ketinggianyang bertambah tinggi, kayu akway merah besar populasinya relatif samauntuk setiap ketinggian yang berubah, sedangkan kayu akway merah kecilsemakin tinggi elevasi tanaman semakin banyak jumlahnya. Hasilidentifikasi tipe tanah dan iklim tempat tumbuh ketiga spesies kayu akwayini ternyata mengandung C organic 3,95%, N total 0,34% dan phosphor13,10 ppm, serta tumbuh di dataran tinggi dengan suhu udara rata-rata18,5ºC, kelembapan 70% dan intensitas matahari 898 candle.Kata kunci : Drymis sp., karakterisasi, morfologi, penyebaranABSTRACTMorphology Characterization and Spread of Drymis sp.In West PapuaDrymis sp. is one of the medicinal plants used in Arfak ethnic inMenyambouw, Manokwari Papua Barat. Part of the plant extract (root,leaf, bark and trunk) used to increase stamina for their activity. This studyconducted to find out the morphology characters and spread of Drymis sp.in different elevation e.q. 1,200, 1,600, 2,000 and 2,400 m above sea levelfrom September to November 2007. Experimental design for this studyused compartment method based on growth phase which is determined bypurposively in every elevation 3 plots or 12 plots for 3 species in the sameelevation. In each species will be selected 3 plants for sample. Afteridentification of sample, data of morphology character will be recorded ineach species, chemical component of soil in the area of study, and locationspread from each species. The results show that 3 species of Drymis sp.found in that area e.q. Drymis winterii, Drymis piperita, and Drymisbeccariana. There were morphological differences of the species; onoutside of bark, direction of stem, tree architectures, leaf color, leaf shape,leaf formation, and leaf apex. Result of phytochemical analysis derivedfrom leaf, bark and root extract of the three species of Drymis sp. provedthat there were higher contents of saponin, alkaloid, and steroidconcentrations known as part of afrodisiak component. Soil and climate ofthis study area contained 3.95% C-organic, 0.34% total N, and 13.10 ppmphosphor. This Drymis species grew in higher altitude with airtemperature, RH, and sunlight intensity of 18.5ºC, 70%, and 898 candlerespectevely. Based on different level of altitude at 1200, 1600, 2000, and2400 m above sea level, result showed that D. winterii increased theirnumber of population compared to other species. In D. peperita, theinfluence of altitude to number of population was relatively the same. Butin D. beccariana, population decreased in higher elevation. The soil onwhich the plants grew contained 3.95% organic C, 0.34% total N, and13.10 ppm phosphor with the average air temperature of 18.5°C, relativehumidity 70%, and sunlight intensity of 898 candles.Key words : Drymis sp., charaterization, morphology, sprea
PENGARUH PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MENTE BELUM MENGHASILKAN (TBM) DI BAYAN LOMBOK
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis dan komposisi pupuk NPK terhadap petumbuhan tanaman jambu mente muda (TBM) yang ditanam pada tanah regosol coklal keabu-abuan di Desa Anyar - Bayan (Lombok Barat) dari tahun 1997 sampai 2000. Perlakuan pupuk yang diuji adalah: (1) Taraf pemberian pupuk: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 dan 750 g NPK/pohon/tahun; dan (2) Komposisi pupuk NPK (2:1:1, 1:1:1, dan 1:1:2). Perlakuan pupuk disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 ulangan dan ukuran petak 4 pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh intcraksi nyata antara perlakuan dosis dan komposisi pupuk NPK terhadap petumbuhan tanaman jambu mente muda. Sedangkan faktor tunggalnya, dosis maupun komposisi pupuk, berpengaruh nyata terhadap petumbuhan tanaman. Dosis pupuk yang memadai untuk mendukung petumbuhan tanaman secara normal menurut stadia (umur) adalah 100, 200, 400 dan 600 g NPK (dalam N, P20, dan KjO) per pohon per tahun, masing-masing unluk 1, 2, 3 dan 4 tahun. Sedangkan komposisi pupuk NPK yang dianjurkan adalah NPK 1:1:2 untuk tanaman umur 1 -2 tahun, dan NPK 2:1:1 tanaman umur 3 - 4 tahun.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, jambu mente, pupuk ABSTRACT Effect of fertilizer application on the growth of young cashew plants in Bayan, LombokThis study was conducted on young cashew trees grown in grayish- brown regosol soil located in Anyar Bayan (West Lombok) rom 1997 to 2000. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of NPK fertilizer and its composition on Uie growlh of me crops. The treatments were: (1) fetilizer rates (0, 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 g NPK /tree/year); and (2) composition of NPK (2:1:1, 1:1:1 and 1:1:2). The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with 2 replicates, 4 plants per plot. Results showed that there was no significant interaction between fertilizer rate and its composition on the growth of the plants. Individually, however, both fertilizer rate and NPK composition significantly affected growlh of young cashew trees. Adequate rates of fertilizer application were 100, 200, 400 and 600 g NPK (in N, P2Oj dan KjO) per tree per year for 1, 2, 3 and 4 years old, respectively. Whereas, fetilizer compositions of NPK 1:1:2 and NPK 2:1:1 were suitable for young trees of 1-2 and 3-4 years old, respectively.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale. cashew, fertilizer, application, plant growth, Lombo
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DAN MINYAK KEDELAI TERHADAP MUTU DAN NILAI GIZI BISKUIT BAYI
No full textAbstrakMinyak kelapa murni (Virgin Coconut Oil/VCO), yang komponen utamanya adalah asam lemak rantai medium (ALRM) bermanfaat untuk bayi, sehingga perlu dimanfaatkan pada pengolahan biskuit dengan penambahan minyak kedelai (MKD) sebagai sumber asam lemak esensial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balit Palma dan Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil UGM-Yogyakarta pada tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian mempelajari karakteristik biskuit yang disubstitusi VCO dan MKD serta mengetahui mutu secara in vivo menggunakan tikus sebagai hewan uji. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 7 perlakuan perbandingan VCO dan MKD, yaitu (1) Formula A=VCO : MKD = 12 : 5 ; (2) B=VCO : MKD = 13 : 4 ; (3) C=VCO : MKD = 14 : 3 ; (4) D=VCO : MKD = 15 : 2 ; (5) E=VCO : MKD = 16 : 1 ; (6) F=VCO : MKD = 17 : 0 ; (7) G=kontrol. Hasil analisis enam formula biskuit yang ditambah VCO, kadar air 4,16-4,76%, lemak 25,12-28,54%, protein 12,92-14,53%, abu 0,69-0,82%, karbohidrat 51,55-56,66%, dan kalori 467-520 kkal. Jumlah ALRM Formula A, B, C, D, E, dan F berturut-turut 10,19; 9,42; 11,51; 11,29; 14,58; dan 16,83%. Komposisi asam lemak linoleat berturut-turut 1,71; 1,76; 1,73; 1,75; 1,28; dan 0,01%. Kenaikan berat badan tikus tertinggi yang mengonsumsi formula dengan penambahan VCO adalah Formula A (6,33%) dan terendah Formula F (2,54%). Demikian juga Protein Efisiensi Ratio (PER) tertinggi Formula A (4,39) dan terendah Formula F (2,06). Berdasarkan jumlah ALRM dikaitkan dengan asam lemak esensial linoleat dan PER, formula terbaik berturut-turut adalah A, B, C dan D.Kata kunci: VCO, formula biskuit, asam lema
KEEFEKTIFAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN NEMATODA Pratylenchus brachyurus PADA TANAMAN NILAM
Get PDFABSTRAKPenggunaan bakteri endofit sebagai agen pengendalian nematodaparasit seperti Meloidogyne incognita pada kapas dan tomat, Globoderasp. pada kentang dan Radopholus similis pada pisang telah banyak ditelitipada beberapa jenis tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisiskeefektifan beberapa bakteri endofit terhadap perkembangan P.brachyurus, penetrasi, reproduksi, dan kerusakan yang diakibatkannyapada tanaman nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumahkaca Hama dan Penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan AromatikBogor, dari bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2008. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 6 perlakuan dengan 7 ulangan. Lima isolatbakteri endofit, yaitu Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenesfaecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK, danBacillus subtilis NJ57, diaplikasikan pada setek tanaman nilam denganmetode perendaman akar. Seminggu setelah tanam, nilam diinokulasidengan 500 ekor P. brachyurus. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap penetrasi,reproduksi, populasi nematoda, dan pertumbuhan nilam. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit A. xylosoxidans TT2, A. faecalisNJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, dan B. subtilis NJ57 dapatmenekan penetrasi dan populasi P. brachyurus ke dalam akar sebesar54,8-70,6% dengan faktor reproduksi (pf/pi) 0,61-0,94 dan meningkatkanpertumbuhan tanaman nilam sebesar 37,86-84,71%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, bakteri endofit, keefektifan, nematoda,Pratylenchus brachyurus, pengendalian biologiABSTRACTEffectiveness of endophytic bacteria to controlPratylenchus brachyurus nematode on patchouliThe use of endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents for nematodes,such as Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and tomatoes, Globodera sp. onpotatoes and Radopholus similis on bananas has been widely studied inseveral crops. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness ofsome endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus, penetration,reproduction, and plant fresh weight production. Five isolates, namely A.xylosoxidans TT2, A. faecalis NJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, andB. subtilis NJ57 were applied to the patchouli cutting roots by soakingmethod before planting. A week after planting, the plants were inoculatedwith 500 juveniles and adults of P. brachyurus. Observations were doneon penetration and reproduction rates of the nematode, and growth ofpatchouli plant. Under greenhouse condition, A. xylosoxidans TT2, A.faecalis NJ16, P. putida EH11, B. cereus MSK, and B. subtilis NJ57reduced penetration rate of P. brachyurus into the patchouli roots by 54.8to 70.6% and suppressed nematode population with pf/pi value 0.61 to0.94. Growth of inoculated plants increased by 37.86 to 84.71% comparedwith uninoculated (control) ones.Key words: Pogostemon cablin, endophytic bacteria, effectivenessnematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, biological contro
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI DARI DERIVAT METIL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir)
Get PDFABSTRAKBanyak tanaman yang dilaporkan memiliki kandungan senyawabahan aktif antioksidan dan antibakteri. Salah satu tanaman Indonesia yangmemiliki aktivitas ini adalah gambir (Uncaria gambir). Pada penelitian ini,ekstrak etanol daun gambir diubah menjadi derivat metilnya untukmembuatnya lebih larut dalam lemak dan diamati pengaruh derivatisasitersebut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan di laboratorium kimia organik danpengujian aktivitas antibakteri di laboratorium mikrobiologi UniversitasPadjadjaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kimia OrganikJurusan Kimia dan laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Biologi UniversitasPadjadjaran dari bulan Desember 2004 - Juli 2005. Ekstrak gambirdimetilasi menggunakan dimetil sulfat (DMS) dan dimurnikanmenggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan pelarut bergradien (kloroform :metanol = 99:1 ; 98:2 ; 95:5 ; 80:20 ; 70:30; dan 50:50 v/v) dan kemudianmenggunakan kloroform : metanol = 99 : 1 v/v. Aktivitas antioksidanmenunjukkan penurunan yang tampak dari peningkatan, yaitu : IC 50 13,41ppm untuk ekstrak etanol menjadi 121,81 ppm untuk hasil metilasi.Aktivitas antibakteri juga menunjukkan penurunan setelah dimetilasikarena adanya penurunan diameter hambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Duaisolat (isolat 1 dan 2) yang diperoleh dari hasil pemurnian dikarakterisasimenggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible dan FT-IR. Hasil yangdiperoleh mengindikasikan adanya senyawa fenolik yang ditunjukkan olehregang –OH pada 3445 dan 3448 cm -1 dan regang CH aromatik pada 3010dan 3030 cm -1 . Isolat 1 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri yanglebih tinggi dibandingkan isolat 2.Kata kunci : Uncaria gambir, derivat metil, antibakteri dan aktivitasantioksidanABSTRACTThe antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolextract of gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir)There are many plants in Indonesia reported to contain antioxidantand antibacterial substances. One of them having these activities is gambir(Uncaria gambir). In this research, ethanol extract of gambir leaves waschanged into its methyl derivate in order to make it more soluble in fats.The effect of the derivatization on antioxidant activity was observed atorganic chemistry laboratory and antibacterial activity was observed atmicrobiology laboratory of the Padjadjaran University. This research wascarried out in December 2004 to July 2005. Gambir extract wasmethylized using dimethylsulphate (DMS) and then purified usingcoloumn chromatography with gradient solvents (chloroform : methanol =99:1; 98:2; 50:50; 80:20; 70:30; and 50:50 v/v), and then with chloroform :methanol = 99:1 v/v. The antioxidant activity showed a decrease indicatedby an increase of IC 50 from 13.41 ppm for ethanolic extract to become121.81 ppm for the methylated compounds. The antibacterial activity alsoshowed a decrease after methylization due to the decrease of inhibitiondiameter of bacteria growth. Two isolates (isolate 1 and 2) obtained fromthe purification steps were characterized using UV-Visiblespectrophotometer and FT-IR. The results indicated the existence ofphenolic compunds showed by -OH stretching in 3,445 and 3,448 cm -1 ;and CH aromatic stretching in 3,010 and 3,030 cm -1 . Isolate 1 was higherin antioxidant and antibacterial activities than isolate 2.Key words : Uncaria gambir, methyl derivative, antibacterial, antioxidantactivitie
KERAGAMAN SPESIES PALA (Myristica spp.) MALUKU UTARA BERDASARKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGI DAN AGRONOMI
Get PDFABSTRAKPala merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia dan informasi keragaman-nya masih terbatas. Keragaman spesies dan varietas pala penting untuk dievaluasi sebagai dasar tindakan konservasi. Keragaman varietas danspesies pala dapat dievaluasi dengan mengamati keragaman morfologi dan fenotipe di lapangan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman fenotipik di antara aksesi pala dan mengevaluasi pengelompokan intra dan inter spesies pala dari Maluku Utara. Populasi pohon pala yang berumur minimal 15 tahun dari Tidore dan Patani, Halmahera Tengah, Maluku Utara digunakan dalam penelitian. Aksesi yang digunakan terdiri atas spesies Myristica fragrans, Myristica fatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, dan sejumlah aksesi yang tidak diketahui nama spesiesnya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan aksesi pala dari Patani dan Tidore menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi dalam bentuk buah, warna buah tua, dan bentuk biji. Hanya aksesi pala asal Tidore yang menunjukkan variasi dalam bobot fuli. Dendogram yang dibuat berdasarkan karakter fenotipe menjelaskan aksesi pala yang dianalisis ke dalam empat kelompok pada indeks kesamaan 70%. Kelompok pertama terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fatua dan satu aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. fragrans. Kelompok kedua terdiri atas dua aksesi M. argentea dan dua aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. succedanea dari Patani. Kelompok ketiga terdiri atas tiga aksesi M. argentea dan enam aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Patani. Kelompok keempat terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fragrans dari Tidore.Kata kunci : Myristica spp., keragaman fenotipik, spesies pala, analisispengelompokan, hubungan kekerabatanABSTRACTNutmeg is native to Indonesia and information about its diversitiesare limited. Species and varietal diversities are important to be evaluatedfor conservation purposes of this crop. Nutmeg species and varietaldiversities could be assessed by observing morphological and phenotypicvariabilities in the field. The objectives of this research were to assessphenotypic variabilities among nutmeg accessions of North Moluccas andevaluate intra and inter specific clustering of nutmeg accessions in theregions. At least fifteen years old provenances of nutmeg population atTidore and Patani, Central Halmahera, North Moluccas were used in thisexperiment. The accessions consisted of Myristica fragrans, Myristicafatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, and a number of unknownnutmeg species. Nutmeg accessions from Patani and Tidore showed widevariabilities in fruit shape, mature fruit color, and seed shape. While onlynutmeg accessions from Tidore showed variabilities in mace weight.Dendogram constructed based on phenotypic character grouped thenutmeg accessions into four groups at 70% similarity index. The firstgroup consisted of two accessions M. fatua and one unknown nutmegspecies from Tidore and M. fragrans from Patani. The second groupconsisted of two accessions of M. argentea and two unknown nutmegspecies from Tidore and one accessions of M. succedanea from Patani.The third group consisted of only M. argentea and six unknown nutmegspecies from Patani. The fourth group consisted of two M. fragransassessions from Tidore.Key words : Phenotypic diversity, nutmeg species, clustering analysis,kinship relationships, Indonesian nutme
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK ZA DAN SP 36 TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PADA TANAH ANDISOL
No full textEffect of organic (biogrcen) and inorganic fetilizers (ammonium sulphate and SP36) on the yield and quality of the temanggung tobacco in andosol soil was studied at Galapansari - Temanggung, from Februai to December 2001. The organic and inorganic fetilizers were formulated in 10 packages, namely : (1) 570 kg ammonium sulphate (AS) ♦ 100 kg SP36; (2) the recommended rate for temanggung tobacco (20 000 kg stable manure 500 kg AS + 100 kg SP36; (3) 5 000 kg organic fetilizer (OF); (4) 7 500 kg OF; (5) 8 500 kg OF; (6) 10 000 kg OF; (7) 12 500 kg OF; (8) 14 500 kg OF; (9) 7 500 kg OF + 3 500 kg sUble manure (SM); (10) 7 500 kg OF + 4 500 kg SM. All the rates of fetilizers were based on one hectare planted area (16 500 plants) The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in four replicates. Results showed that organic fertilizer waa more effective than stable manure in improving die growth, yield and quality of temanggung tobacco. A the rate of 5 000 kg was sufficient to produce high ( 6 313 kg fresh or 800 kg sliced died leaves), grade index (51.68) and crop index (55.31). Key words : Organic fetilizer, ammonium sulfate, SP36, temanggung tobacco, andiso
DEGRADASI DINDING SEL Phytophthora capsici OLEH ENZIM KARBOSI METIL SELULASE ASAL Trichoderma harzianum
No full textPhytophthora capsici Leonian adalah patogen penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Piper nigrum L). Trichoderma harzianum Rifai merupakan agen hayati yang cfektif dan menyebabkan lisis miselia P. capsici. Penelitian ini bertujuan unluk mcngc(ahui peran enzim karboksimetilselulase (CMC-ase) yang diproduksi oleh T. harzianum dalam mendegradasi dinding sel P capsici. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga aktivitas yaitu (a) deteksi produksi enzim CMC-ase, (b) hidrolisis dinding sel P. capsici. dan (c) penggunaan siapan kasar dinding sel (SKDS) P. capsici oleh T. harzianum sebagai satu-satunya sumber karbon dalam media tumbuhnya Aktivitas enzim dideleksi secara kualitatif dengan membandingkan zona bening yang terbentuk pada medium karboksi metil selulosa (CMC) yang diperlakukan dengan satu tetcs iltrat kultur 7 harzianum dan diwarnai dengan larulan congo red, sedangkan aktivitas CMC-ase secara kuantitatif diukur sebagai nilai setara glukosa yang terlepas dari substrat setelah diinkubasi dengan ekstrak kasar CMC-ase. Enzim CMC-ase dickstrak dari kultur filtrat T. harzianum F.51 melalui pengendapan protein dengan 85% ammonium sulfat pada suhu 4°C diikuti dengan sentrifusi dan dialisis. Aktivitas spcsifik enzim tersebut dalam mendegradasi CMC (30,29 unif//g protein) lebih rendah dari aktivitas enzim selulase komersial (97.18 unit/^g protein). Enzim selulase komcrsial dan ekstrak enzim dari kultur 7 harzianum juga dapat menghidrolisis SKDS P. capsici N2 dengan aktivitas masing-masing 31.18 unit dan 19.26 unit. Isolat F-51 tumbuh dan menghasilkan aktivitas enzim serupa manakala karboksimclil selulosa pada media tumbuh diganti dengan SKDS sebagai sumber karbon tunggal Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa CMC-ase berperan penting dalam mckanisme antagonis T. harzianum terhadap /' capsici. Penelitian lebih lanjut dalam mckanisme produksi enzim ini berpeluang untuk meningkatkan potensi agen hayati.Kata kunci : Piper nigrum L., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Phytophthora capsici. karbosimctilsclulasc, agen hayati ABSTRACTDegradation of cell wall of Phytophthora capsici N2 by carboxy methyl cellulose <;/ Trichoderma harzianum ES1Phytophthora capsici l-eonian is a causal agent of foot rot disease on black pepper (Piper nigrum L ). Trichoderma harzianum Rifai is an effective biocontrol agent and causes lyscs on P. capsici mycelium This experiment was aimed to study the role of carboxymethylccllulose (CMC- ase) produced by T. harzianum in degrading P. capsici cell wall. The experiment was composed in three activities (a) detection of the CMC-ase enzyme production, (b) degradation of P. capsici cell wall by crude extract of the enzyme, and (c) utilization of crude cell wall preparation (cwp) of P. capsici by T. harzianum as single carbon source in its growth medium CMC-ase activity was detected qualitatively on carboxymethylccllulose (CMC) medium, and quantitatively it was measured as glucose equivalent released from substrate after treated with crude extract of CMC-ase. CMC-ase was extracted from culture iltrate of T. harzianum F-51 by precipitation of protein with 85% ammonium sulphate at 4°C followed by dialysis with distilled water and liophyllizcd. Activity of the extracted enzyme on degradation of CMC (30.29 unil-'/jg protein) was lower than activity of commercial cellulose (97.18 united g protein) Commercial cclullosc and the extracted enzyme also degraded crude cell wall prepared (CWP) from P. capsici N2 as indicated with the presence of glucose equivalent released from CWP after incubation with the enzyme; with specific activity of 31.18 unit and 19.26 unit respectively. Trichoderma harzianum grown in medium suplemented with the crude cell wall of P. capsici as a single carbon source produced CMC-ase. Those results indicated that CMC-ase has important role on parasitism of T. harzianum on P. capsici Further investigation is required to elucidate mechanism of production of CMC-ase in T. harzianum for improvement of biocontrol activity of the fungus.Key words: Piper nigrum L., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Phytophthora capsici, carboxymethylcellulosc, biocontro
POTENCY OF BLACK TEA FILTRATE AS UV PROTECTANT TO S/NPV JTM 97 C IN CONTROLLING HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA ON SOYBEAN
Get PDFHelicoverpa armigera is the important pest on soybean which usually controlled by chemical insecticide spraying, so it should be replaced by naturally control using biological agents such as Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (S/NPV) JTM 97 C. It has some weakness such as during it’s applied in the field the effectiveness can become decreased after exposure the sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) so it needs the protective material, such as black tea filtrate which is known containing epigallocatechin gallate, caffeic acid, and apigenin which have role as UV protectors. This research aimed to investigate the potential of black tea filtrate to protect the S/NPV JTM 97 C from UV in controlling of H. armigera. The research was conducted in Pests and Diseases Laboratory on Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Kendalpayak, Malang from January to June 2015. The research used Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and four replications. They were S/NPV JTM 97 C without UV protectant as control (P1), S/NPV JTM 97 C + kaolin as comparison (P2), S/NPV JTM 97 C + black tea filtrate concentration 0.5 (P3), 1.0 (P4), 1.5 (P5), 2 (P6), and 2.5% (P7). Results showed that all of the protective materials of black tea filtrate were unable to provide mortality of H. armigera larvae better than kaolin. Kaolin can cause mortality of H. armigera larvae up to 82,50%. All of Black tea filtrate concentrations tested were not able to be used as protectant of S/NPV JTM 97 C due to it can only cause mortality of H. armigera up to 47,50% . Keywords: Entomopathogenic virus, LC50, protectant material, pest