Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERONTOK LADA DENGAN PENGGERAK ENGKOL UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LADA HITAM
No full textDesign of the hand-powered thresher for black pepper processingProcessing of pepper berries (Piper nigrum L.) into black pepper needs thresing to remove the beries from the stalks prior to sundrying. Until now, the threshing practice is caried out by traditional method in which the pepper beries are trampled. This method is not eficient nor hygienic and it also causes high losses of the berries. To overcome those problems, a hand-powered thesher has been designed. The experiment consisted of thee steps, namely designing, constructing and testing. The threshing mechanism was based on impact and friction, whereas the separation of the berries from the stalks was based on the difference in shape and dimension. The dimension of the pepper thesher is 900 mm length, 450 mm width, and I 200 mm height. The test results showed that the hand-powered thresher have a good performance. The capacity of the thesher is 100 kg of pepper berries (berries + stalks) per hour. The operational cost is Rp 30.02 per kg of pepper beries, cheaper than that of the traditional theshing method (Rp 50/kg). This equipment is easy to apply in rural area, and can covee the theshing operation of 2.1 hectare of pepper plantation during harvesting periode
PENGARUH SUBKULTUR DAN LAMA PERIODE KULTUR PADA DAYA MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS LADA (Piper nigrum L.) ASAL BIJI VARIETAS PETALING I
No full textEffect subculture and culture period on shoot multipli¬ cation in black pepper Petaling IAn expeiment on shoot multiplication in black pepper Petaling I from planting to until shoot multiplication changes and the effect of culture peiod, was conducted in the Laboratory of Genetic Research and Breeding of Balittro. Bogor from May 1997 to June 1998. The seeds wee germinated on MS medium without growth regulator. Ater sprouting the shoots wee removed to MS multiplication medium + BA 0.3 mg/1 + polypynyl pyolidon 200 mg/1 for subcultue and culture peiod. In the subculture expeiment, explant was removed after 3 months to new medium. In the cultue peiod the explant was visible until 4 months after that, explant was removed to new medium. The results showed that the highest multiplication rate was found after 3'° subculture with 9.2 shoots and the best cultue peiod was three months with 9.3 shoots. After 4* months the shoots died, due to fenolic activity which changed pH medium from acidic (5.8 to basic 7.13)
SKALA USAHA DAN EFISIENSI EKONOMIRELATIF POLATANAM KELAPA PADA TINGKAT PETANI DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT
No full textReturn to scale and relative economic eficiency of coconut cropping pattern at farmer level in Tasikmalaya District, West JavaInformation about the return to scale condition in coconut cropping pattern production process is very important to determine the farm measure¬ ment due to economic eficiency of farming system. This also occurs in different relative economic efficiency in the inter category in participated fanner based on their mixed cropping area. For that reason, it is urgent to carry oat the study in Cipatujah, Sindangkerta, and Cikawung Ading villages, Cipatujah Sub Distict, and Kelapa Oenep, Kujang, and Saimukti villages, Karang Nunggal Sim District, Tasikmalays District, West Java This study was conducted from June-October 1997 using survey method. Data collected consisted of primary and secundary data. Pimary data included cost of production both coconut as main crop and intercrop (hired labour, family labour, fetilizer and pesticide) sod farm income (production and sale of production). The result of the study showed that hired labour, family labour, fertilizer and pesticide afect the profit earned rom coconut cropping pattern significantly. While the return to scale of coconut cropping patten position on increasing return to scale and did not show significant different in the application of input factors both of large farm ( • 1.145 ha) and small farm (< 1.143 ha)
ANALISIS KEBERKELANJUTAN USAHATANI TANAMAN KARET DI LAHAN GAMBUT TERDEGRADASI: STUDI KASUS DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH / Analysis of The Sustainablility of Rubber Plantations Farming System in Degraded Peatland: A Case Study in Central Kalimantan
Get PDFSustainability analysis of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) farming system aimed to assess the sustainability of the application of farming models which was developed in a pilot project in degraded peatland, which is located in Village/District Jabiren, Regency Pulangpisau (Central Kalimantan). Research was conducted by a structural survey method with 30 selected respondent farmers around the plots. The analysis was performed with the multidimentional scaling (MDS) approach, including social, economic and environmental dimensions. The level of (lkb) farming system sustainability of rubber trees in degraded peatland based on values of sustainability index of multidimensional in the Jabiren District showed sustained considerable scale with an index value of 66.69, meaning that farming models developed are quite sustainable farming. In other words that farming models are economically beneficial, socially acceptability to society, and ecologically not damage the environmental. The social dimension is more dominant determine the sustainability of farming that contributes to IKB amounted to 72.65 compared with the economic and environmental dimension with a contribution value of each 68.11 and 57.25. Sensitive factors affecting the sustainability, include: the intensity of extention (the social dimension), the stability of the prices of the farmers surplus productivity (the economic dimension), the water pH and water level fluctuations (the ecological dimensions).Keywords: sustainability index, rubber farming system, degraded peatland AbstrakAnalisis keberlanjutan usahatani tanaman karet bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat keberlanjutan dari aplikasi model usahatani yang dikembangkan dalam suatu demplot pola tanam (intercropping) di lahan gambut terdegradasi, dengan tanaman pokok tanaman karet dengan tanaman sela nenas di antara tanaman pokok karet dan aplikasi amelioran, yang berlokasi di Desa/Kecamatan Jabiren, Pulangpisau (Kalimantan Tengah). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei terstruktur dengan memilih 30 responden petani di sekitar demplot. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan multidimensi (multidimentional scaling/MDS), meliputi dimensi sosial, ekonomi dan dimensi lingkungan. Tingkat keberlanjutan (Ikb) usahatani tanaman karet di lahan gambut terdegradasi yang didasarkan pada nilai indeks keberlanjutan multidimensi di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan skala cukup berkelanjutan dengan nilai indeks 66,69, artinya model usahatani yang dikembangkan cukup berkelanjutan. Dengan kata lain bahwa model usahatani tersebut memberi manfaat secara ekonomi, secara sosial dapat diterima masyarakat, dan secara ekologis tidak merusak lingkungan. Dimensi sosial lebih dominan menentukan keberlanjutan usahatani yaitu kontribusi terhadap Ikb sebesar 72,65 dibanding dengan dimensi ekonomi dan lingkungan dengan kontribusi nilai masing-masing 68,11 dan 57,25. Faktor yang peka mempengaruhi keberlanjutan, meliputi: intensitas penyuluhan (dimensi sosial), kestabilan harga hasil petani pada saat panen (dimensi ekonomi), pH air di lahan usahatani dan fluktuasi debit air di lahan petani (dimensi lingkungan/ekologi).Kata kunci: indeks keberlanjutan usahatani karet, lahan gambut terdegradas
PENCAPAIAN STANDAR INDONESIAN SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL (ISPO) DALAM PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR / Achievement of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Standards of Palm Oil Plantation Management in East Borneo Indonesia
Get PDFStrong opinions have been expressed toward oil palm plantation industry in Indonesia, and these opinions portray that oil palm plantation development in Indonesia has caused the destruction of the environment. One of the efforts currently undertaken by the Indonesian government to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry is establishing sustainability standard called the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) which is mandatory. ISPO is "guidance" for sustainable oil palm development as well as a commitment based on the laws and regulations aplication of some licenses in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the capability of oil palm plantation companies in the regional to meet the standards of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and to identify the problems faced in achieving these standards. This research was conducted in East Kalimantan province on the period June 2012-May 2013. Evaluation of the capability of the companies to achieve the ISPO standards was performed by the audit method, assessment results of all parameters that had been established in accordance with the Principles, Criteria and Indicators in the provision of ISPO which were assessed in a percent unit. The research results showed that the capability of the plantation companies in East Kalimantan in meeting the ISPO standards reached 79,14%, and this capability can be improved up to 100% by increasing efforts to comply with the principles, criteria and indicators that are still not in accordance with the provisions of ISPO are as follows: 1). Licence system and plantation management, 2). Aplication guidance cultivation technics and processing palm fruit, 3). Management and monitoring invironment, 4). Resposibility to workers, and 5). Social resposibility and community. The determantion factor performance on ISPO standard is the commitment of plantation company as a business stakeholder that supported by capable human resources to create the sustainable plantation development and also the goverment action in charge as the regulator in supervising the policy that has been set. Socialization and training about principles and criteria ISPO standard to plantation company needs soon and more intensively done by the government association with ISPO commission to accelerate the application of the ISPO. Socialization and training also are required in order to overcome the constraints in attainment of principles and criteria of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil standard, because of the mentioned efforts are the part of success factors to apply the ISPO.Keyword: ISPO, Management, Palm Oil, Plantations, Sustainable
An Analysis of Superior Plantation Commodities and Referral Development in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province
No full textABSTRACTThe condition of Bungo Regency potential for development of agriculture sector in a broad sense. Agricultural sector contributed 33,08% to GDP Bungo Regency in 2012. Famoustation crops is rubber. Now a days, in addition to rubber, oil palm plantations is also highly desirable for crop development. The purpose of this research is (1) to analyze the main commodity of plantation, (2) to now potential land for development, and (3) to establish the referrals of plantation commodity development in the framework of regional development in Bungo Regency. The methode and techniques of analysis in this study is Shift Share (SS) methode, Location Quotient (LQ) methode, overlay and descritive analysis. Based on Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share (SS) analysis can be concluded that there are three types of superior commodity which is used as the main priorities to be developed in every district in Bungo Regency, there are rubber, oil palm and coconut. Potential land for development of rubber, oil palm, and coconut commodites are the largest area in the Pelepat sub-district for 37.234 ha (17,2%). The main development referal for superior commodity is rubber commodity, especially at Pelepat sub-district, palm oil is especially for Pelepat Ilir, in otherwise coconut commodity is only support commodity at Pasar Bungo sub-district. Engineering effort to minimize the negative effects of limiting factor of erosion, drainage, texture, and rainfall, which are: the addition of organic matter, plant cover crops, and manufacture of irrigation.Keywords: coconut, land suitability, palm oil, rubber, superior commodity ANALISIS KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN UNGGULAN DAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KABUPATEN BUNGO, PROVINSI JAMBIABSTRAKKondisi Kabupaten Bungo sangat potensial untuk pengembangan sektor pertanian dalam arti luas. Kontribusi sektor pertanian terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Bungo untuk tahun 2012 sebesar 33.08%. Tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi primadona adalah karet. Kini selain karet, tanaman kelapa sawit pun menjadi jenis yang diminati pengembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis komoditas perkebunan unggulan, (2) mengetahui lahan yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan komoditas perkebunan unggulan, dan (3) menyusun arahan pengembangan komoditas perkebunan unggulan dalam rangka pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Bungo. Adapun metode dan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: Metode Shift Share (SS), metode Location Quotient (LQ), Overlay, dan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share (SS), secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis komoditas perkebunan unggulan yang dijadikan prioritas utama untuk dikembangkan disetiap kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bungo yaitu: karet, kelapa sawit dan kelapa dalam. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan komoditas karet, kelapa sawit, dan kelapa dalam luasan terluas berada di Kecamatan Pelepat sebesar 37.234 ha (17,2%). Arahan untuk pengembangan komoditas unggulan adalah komoditas karet, utamanya di Kecamatan Pelepat dan kelapa sawit utamanya di Kecamatan Pelepat Ilir, sedangkan komoditas kelapa dalam, merupakan komoditas penunjang di Kecamatan Pasar Bungo. Upaya teknik untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif faktor pembatas erosi, drainase, tekstur, dan curah hujan, yaitu: penambahan bahan organik, menanam tanaman penutup tanah, dan pembuatan jaringan irigasi.Kata kunci: kelapa, kesesuaian lahan, kelapa sawit, karet, komoditas unggula
PENGARUH KOLKHISIN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN LADA P p er nigrum L.) MUTAN DAN ANALISIS PLOIDI
No full textABSTRAKKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada (Piper nigrum) di Indonesia rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balittro Bogor mulai Januari 2012 sampai Juni 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik lada varietas Petaling 1 menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkhisin. Biji lada direndam dalam larutan kolkhisin konsentrasi 0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05% selama 4 jam dan disemai pada bak pasir. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 300 biji. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase perkecambahan dan fenotipe tanaman, persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur dua bulan. Selanjutnya, sebanyak 20 individu dari total benih yang tumbuh dipilih berdasarkan rata rata penggabungan dari tanaman terpendek dan tertinggi. Individu terpilih diamati tinggi tanaman serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur empat bulan. Untuk melihat ragam genetik dilakukan analisis kandungan DNA dengan flowcytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkhisin 0,01 dan 0,05% menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan benih di persemaian lebih tinggi. Pada lada mutan vegetatif generasi ke-0, perubahan morfologi terindikasi pada konsentrasi 0,03%. Pada generasi mutan hasil perbanyakan/turunan vegetatif pertama perubahan morfologi pada tanaman terjadi pada perlakuan 0,05%. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat ploidi lada pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol.Kata kunci: Piper nigrum L., ragam genetik, mutan, kolkhisin, fenotip ABSTRACTEffect of Colchicine on the Phenothypic Performance of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Mutant and Ploidy analysisGenetic variability of pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia was low, so it was needed to increase its variability. Research was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from January 2012 to June 2013. The aim of the research was to increase the genetic variability of pepper (Petaling 1) using chemical mutagen colchicine. Seeds of pepper were soaked in colchicine solution with several concentration (0; 0,01; 0,03; and 0,05%) for four hours, and then germinated on sand media. Every treatment consisted of 300 seeds and replicated three times. The parameter observed were germination percentage, plant phenotype, growth percentage, plant hight, number of node and leaves two months after planting. Further, from total seedling growth, 20 individual were selected based on average combined from highest and shortest plant. The selected individual observed their plant height, number of node and leaves on four months. Flowcytometri analysis from the selected seedling was conducted to find interplant genetic variabilities. The result showed that application of colchicin 0,01 and 0,05% performed the fast germination on the nursery compared with control, but no significant differencet on the growth parameters. In the mutant generation 0, the changes on morphology showed on 0,03% and at the first vegetative generation, the changes were indicated in plants from 0,05% of colchicine treatment. Flowcytometri analysis showed no significant differences on ploidi level of all treatments including control.Keywords: Piper nigrum, genetic variability, mutant, cholchicin, phenotyp
TANAMAN KECUBUNG (Datura metel L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU INSEKTISIDA BOTANIS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA Aspidomorpha milliaris F.
Get PDFABSTRAKKecubung (Datura metel L.) adalah salah satu tanaman obattradisional yang berpotensi sebagai sumber insektisida botanis, namunsampai saat ini belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui efektivitas tanaman kecubung sebagai bahan insektisidabotanis, terhadap serangga Aspidomorpha milliaris F (Coleoptera:Crysomelidae). Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Laing Solok mulai bulan Aprilsampai Oktober 2012, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (9perlakuan dan 3 ulangan). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah ekstrak daunkecubung pada konsentrasi 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, dan3500 ppm, serta 0 ppm sebagai kontrol. Perlakuan diaplikasikan secarakontak maupun non kontak. Serangga uji yang dipakai pada setiapperlakuan adalah 20 ekor larva instar III, IV, V, VI, dan 10 ekor imago.Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase kematian, penurunan volumemakan larva dan imago, fekunditas, serta periode prereproduktif imago.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun kecubung yang diaplikasikansecara kontak lebih toksik dibandingkan dengan non kontak. Ekstrak daunkecubung kosentrasi 3500 ppm bersifat toksik, menolak makan, danmengurangi fekunditas A. milliaris. Tingkat kematian larva A. milliarisinstar III, IV, V, dan VI berkisar 28,46-39,51%, sedangkan penurunanvolume makan sebesar 10,44-15,76%. Fekunditas A. milliaris menurun21,77%. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak daun kecubung dapat dikembangkansebagai insektisida botanis.Kata kunci: kecubung, insektisida botanis, Aspidomorpha milliaris F.ABSTRACTAmethyst (Datura metel L) is one of a potential plants used as rawmaterial of botanical insecticides, but until now it had not been prived.The purpose of the research is to determine the potential of the amethystas a botanical insecticide to Aspidomorpha milliaris F. (Coleoptera:Crysomelidae). The research carried out in Laing Solok ExperimentalGarden from April to October 2012, in a completely randomized design (9treatments and 3 replications). The treatments were amethyst leaf aqueousextract at concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3500ppm, and 0 ppm as a control. The treatments were applied contact andnon-contact. Test insects used in each treatment was 20 larvae instar III,IV, V, VI and 10 imagos. Observation parameters include the mortalitypercentage and eating volume decrease of larvae and imago, fecundity,and imago prereproductive period. The results showed that the leaf extractamethyst which were applied contactly was more toxic than the non-contact. The amethyst leaf extracts at 3500 ppm concentration are toxic. Italso could refuse to eat and reduce fecundity of A. milliari. The mortalityrate for larval instar III, IV, V, and VI ranged 28.46-39.51%, while adecrease of eat volume ranged 10.44-15.76%. The fecundity of A.milliaris decreased 21.77%. Therefore, the leaf amethyst extract can bedeveloped as a botanical insecticide.Keywords: amethyst, botanical insecticides, Aspidomorpha milliaris,
KOMBINASI TERMOTERAPI DAN KHEMOTERAPI DENGAN KULTUR APEKS DAN MERISTEM UNTUK ELIMINASI VIRUS MOSAIK PADA TEBU / The Combined Treatment of Thermotherapy and Chemotherapy with Apex and Meristem Culture for Mosaic Virus Elimination in Sugarcane
Get PDFThere are several ways to eliminate virus, suach as the application of thermoterapi and chemotherapy technique, and also the apex and meristem culture. One way to control this disease is the use of virus-free seedlings. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of combined treatment between thermotherapy or chemotherapy with apex or meristem culture to mosaic virus elimination of sugarcane. There were four steps in this research: (1) Virus detection of mother plant, (2) Application of thermotherapy at 50oC and chemotherapy by using Ribavirin 25 µg/l combined with apex culture, (3) Application of thermotherapy and chemotherapy combined with meristem culture, and (4) Evaluation of virus elimination. The plant materials used were PS862 from Cirebon (PS862-Crb), PS881 from Surabaya (PS881-Sby) and PSJK922 (PSJK922-Bgr) from Bogor. Virus detection was conducted by TEM and RT-PCR analysis. The temperature for thermotherapy was 500C and the antiviral agent was Ribavirin (0 and 25 μg/l). The result showed that thermotherapy or chemotherapy combined with apex culture could not eliminate virus infection. The combined treatment of chemotherapy and meristem culture could eliminate SCSMV in variety PS862-Crb based on RT-PCR assay, however TEM analysis still detected the viral particle. It was suggessted to udertake virus indexing of large number of samples to see the rate of virus elimination.Keywords: Saccharum officinarum L., Ribavirin, Potyvirus, TEM, RT- PC
INDUKSI AKAR TUNAS KE LAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SECARA IN VITRO DAN EX VITRO / Root Induction of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Using In Vitro and Ex Vitro Techniques
Get PDFRoot induction is an important step in the process of propagation of plants through tissue culture techniques. For root induction commonly used plant growth regulator auxin, which has an important role in plant growth and development, especially at the stage of root initiation. The purpose of this study is to obtain appropriate methods for root induction of oil palm in vitro and ex vitro. The experiment used completely randomized factorial design, consisted of three main activities: (1) Induction of rooting on solid media, using combinations of NAA (2 and 4 mg/l) and IBA (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) concentrations with 5 replications; (2) Induction of rooting the liquid media, using three concentrations of NAA (0, 3 and 6 mg/l), each treatment was replicated 5 times; (3) Induction of rooting ex vitro, using rootone F or IBA (20, 40 and 60 mg/l) with 5 replications. Results indicated that the best medium for in vitro root induction on solid media was MS + NAA 4 mg/l IBA + 4 mg/l, while for liquid media was MS + NAA 6 mg/l. Ex vitro rooting induction showed 60% success of acclimatization by soaking vitro shoots base in NAA solution 40 mg/l and 60 mg/l for 1 hour.Keywords: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., ex vitro, IBA, NA