Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon
No full textABSTRACTThe level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAKTingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinaru
Increasing Lemongrass Herb Yield and Quality Through Nitrogen Addition
No full textABSTRACTThe role of nitrogen in the process of photosynthesis is very important. It affects the growth, development and yield, especially leaves. Lemon grass produces citronella oil that contained in the leaves. One of the efforts to increase leaves yield is by application of N fertilizer. The aims of this research were to obtain optimal N dosage to improve herbage yield and quality of lemon grass. The research was conducted in Manoko Research Station, Lembang West Java from April - December2014. Using randomized block design, with 4 replicates and 6 treatments. The treatments consisted of 0; 2,3; 4,6; 6,9; 9,2 and 11,5 g N/plant. Lemon grass used from G3 accession. Parameters observed included plant growth (height and number of tillers), yield (fresh and dry herbs weight, and oil yield), and quality (yield, oil and citronella content). The results showed that N application significantly increased the growth, yield, and quality of lemon grass. Application of 4,6 g N/plant of N was optimum dosage for plant height and tiller number, total yield of herbage fresh weight (2904.46 g/plant) and leaves dry weight (1574.83 g/plant), yield (1.55%), oil content (2.06%), citronella content (41.59%). The best yield of citronella was obtained from aplplication of 6,9 g N/plant.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus L., nitrogen, yield, citronella content PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI HERBA DAN MUTU SERAI WANGI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NITROGENABSTRAKPeranan nitrogen dalam proses fotosintesis sangat penting antara lain berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan produksi daun tanaman. Tanaman serai wangi merupakan tanaman yang menghasilkan minyak sitronela yang terdapat di dalam daun. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi daun adalah dengan penambahan nitrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis N optimal dalam meningkatkan produksi herba dan mutu sitronela pada serai wangi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapang yang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Manoko, Lembang Jawa Barat dari bulan April – Desember 2014. Rancangan yang digunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan 6 perlakuan. Perlakuan pupuk N dengan dosis 0; 2,3; 4,6; 6,9; 9,2 dan 11,5 g/tan. Tanaman serai wangi yang digunakan dari aksesi G3. Pengamatan meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi dan jumlah anakan), produksi (bobot segar dan kering herba), dan mutu (rendemen, kadar sitronela, dan hasil minyak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian N berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan, produksi, dan mutu serai wangi. Nitrogen dengan dosis 4,6 g/tanaman merupakan dosis optimum untuk menghasilkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan, total produksi herba segar (2.904,46 g/tan) dan kering (1.574,83 g/tan), rendemen (1,55%), kadar minyak (2,06%), dan kadar sitronela (41,59%) terbaik. Produksi minyak serai wangi terbaik pada pemberian N sebesar 6,9 g/tanaman.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus L., nitrogen, produksi, kadar sitronela
Correlation Between Phonska Fertilizer on Rice Field and Cl Content of Tobacco in Jombang, East Java
No full textABSTRACTHigh Cl content of tobacco might have negative effect on quality. The study tried to find out correlation between added Phonska fertilizer to rice planted before tobacco on tobacco Cl content. The objective was to determine the effect of added Phonska (10.8% Cl) to rice planted before tobacco on tobacco Cl content and quality. The study was carried out in the area of tobacco in five districts of Jombang, East Java Province from May to November 2012. Collecting data was done using survey method to the tobacco farmers and soil and tobacco samples were collecting from 100 points which were distributed in five districts based on land use map. The results showed that the most tobacco farmers (67%) added Phonska to the rice planted before tobacco. Addition of Phonska each year had caused accumulation of Cl in soil with high level >2% (90%). Based on analysis of variance it was known that tobacco Cl content was strongly influenced by Phonska addition to rice planted before tobacco plants (PPP) and soil Cl content, but not influenced by Phonska as starter to tobacco plants (PPT). The corelation was expressed by equation: leaf Cl = 0.4266 x exponential ((0.367 PPP*) - (0.314 PPT) + (0.388 soil Cl*))*.Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L., quality, Phonska fertilizers, Cl HUBUNGAN ANTARA PUPUK PHONSKA PADA PADI DAN KADAR Cl TEMBAKAU DI JOMBANG, JAWA TIMURABSTRAKTingginya kadar Cl dalam daun tembakau adalah salah satu penyebab rendahnya mutu tembakau. Cl tembakau bisa berasal dari pemupukan seperti Phonska (10,8% Cl) atau dari tanah. Penelitian observasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pupuk Phonska (10,8% Cl) pada padi terhadap mutu dan kadar Cl tembakau yang ditanam setelah padi. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada areal penghasil tembakau di lima kecamatan Kabupaten Jombang mulai bulan Mei sampai Nopember 2012. Survei pendahuluan untuk penentuan 100 satuan titik lokasi dilakukan secara proporsional yaitu berdasarkan prosentase terhadap luas areal tanaman tembakau dan mewakili bekas lahan padi yang tidak dipupuk dan yang dipupuk Phonska dari lima kecamatan berdasarkan peta penggunaan lahan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei, yaitu wawancara petani tembakau tentang penggunaan pupuk phonska pada padi dan tembakau, pengambilan sampel tanah dan daun tembakau. Penilaian mutu/harga tembakau oleh grader pabrik rokok. Sampel tanah dan daun tembakau dianalisis kadar Cl di Laboratorium Mutu Hasil Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara deskriptif yaitu klasifikasi berdasarkan persentase kejadian. Untuk mengetahui hubungan atau pengaruh antar variabel dilakukan analisis regresi menggunakan program SPSS. Dari hasil survei diketahui bahwasebagian besar petani (67%) menggunakan pupuk Phonska untuk tanaman padi sebelum tembakau dan akumulasi Cl tanah tergolong tinggi >2% (90%). Dari hasil analisis sidik ragam diketahui bahwa kadar Cl daun tembakau sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemupukan Phonska pada padi sebelum tanaman tembakau (PPP) dan kadar Cl tanah, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh pemupukan Phonska pada Tembakau (PPT) sebagai starter. Hubungan pemupukan Phonska, Cl tanah, dan Cl daun tembakau tersebut diekspresikan dengan model persamaan : Cl daun = 0,4266 x exponensial ((0,367 PPP*) – (0,314 PPT) + (0,388 Cl tanah*))*.Kata kunci : Nicotiana tabacum L., mutu, pupuk Phonska, C
PENGARUH JUMLAH RUAS DAN PANJANG BATANG TERHADAP VIABILITASB ENIH SERAI W ANGI (Cy mpobogon nardus L.)
No full textABSTRAKPengembangan serai wangi memerlukan ketersediaan benih bermutu. Sampai saat ini, informasi standar mutu benih serai wangi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih serai wangi dengan jumlah ruas dan panjang batang yang berbeda sebagai dasar penyusunan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dari Mei sampai Juni 2013 dengan menggunakan benih serai wangi klon G 2. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dengan tiga faktor dan diulang empat kali dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah jumlah ruas stolon: (1) satu dan (2) dua. Faktor kedua adalah ukuran panjang batang semu: (1)15, (2) 20, dan (3) 25 cm. Faktor ketiga adalah periode penyimpanan: (1) 0, (2) 3, (3) 6, (4) 9, dan (5) 12 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, daya tumbuh, serta bobot basah dan kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan viabilitas benih serai wangi dipengaruhi oleh jumlah ruas stolon dan panjang batang. Benih dengan dua ruas dan panjang batang 25 cm mempunyai viabilitas lebih baik dibandingkan satu ruas dan panjang 15 cm. Sampai 12 hari penyimpanan di suhu kamar, benih masih segar dengan daya tumbuh 83,75%.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus L., jumlah ruas, panjang batang, penyimpanan, viabilitas ABSTRACTEffect of Internodes Number and Stems Length on Viability of Citronella Seeds (Cympobogon nardus L.) Development of citronella required the availability of good quality seed. Presently, standard information of citronella seed quality is not available. The research aims to study the viability of citronella seeds from different internodes number and stem length as the basic for preparing Indonesian National Standards. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), from May until June 2013, by using citronella clones G 2. Factorial experiment with three factors and four replications was arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was internodes numbers: (1) one and (2) two. The second factor was stem length: (1) 15, (2) 20, and (3) 25 cm. The third factor was storage periods: (1) 0, (2) 3, (3) 6, (4) 9, and (5) 12 days. Parameters observed included seeds moisture content, seeds germination, fresh, and dry weight. The results of experiment indicated that viability of citronella seeds was affected by stolon internodes number and stem length. Seeds with two internodes and stem length 25 cm has better viability than with one of internode and 15 cm of stem length. Up to 12 days storage at room temperature, the seeds were still fresh with the germination 83.75%.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus L., internodes number, stem length, storage, viabilit
DEHIDRASI DAN PEMBEKUAN JARINGAN APEKS TEBU UNTUK PENYIMPANAN JANGKA PANJANG
Get PDFABSTRAKTebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan tanaman yangdiperbanyak secara vegetatif. Kriopreservasi merupakan metode yangpaling sesuai untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang bagi tanaman yangdiperbanyak secara vegetatif. Dehidrasi dan pembekuan jaringan merupa-kan tahapan paling kritis yang menentukan keberhasilan kriopreservasi.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh durasi dehidrasi yang optimaldan metode pembekuan jaringan apeks tebu. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel danJaringan, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber-daya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor pada Mei 2013 sampai Februari 2014.Untuk optimasi metode dehidrasi, apeks direndam dalam larutan PVS2(MS + gliserol 30% + etilen glikol 15% + dimetil sulfoksida 15% +sukrosa 0,4 M) selama 10, 20, 30, dan 40 menit. Untuk optimasi metodepembekuan, diujikan kombinasi perlakuan prakultur (dengan sukrosa 0;0,1; dan 0,3 M selama 5 hari) dan pemuatan dalam larutan LS (MS +gliserol 2 M + sukrosa 0,4 M) selama 0, 10, 20, dan 30 menit sebelumtahapan dehidrasi dan pembekuan jaringan di dalam nitrogen cair (-196 o C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan durasi dehidrasi jaringan yangterbaik adalah 30 menit dalam larutan PVS2. Kombinasi perlakuanprakultur dengan sukrosa 0,3 M dan pemuatan dengan larutan LS selama10 menit merupakan metode terbaik untuk pembekuan jaringan. Persentasetumbuh sebelum dan setelah pembekuan dalam nitrogen cair berturut-turutadalah 100 dan 40%. Setelah kriopreservasi, biakan mampu tumbuhdengan tingkat multiplikasi tunas sekitar 10 tunas/eksplan. Metode yangdiperoleh pada penelitian ini berpeluang diterapkan untuk penyimpananplasma nutfah tebu dalam jangka panjang secara kriopreservasi daneliminasi patogen obligat secara krioterapi.Kata kunci: Saccharum officinarum L., apeks, dehidrasi, pembekuan,nitrogen cairABSTRACTSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is vegetatively propagatedplant. Cryopreservation is the most suitable method for long-termpreservation of vegetatively propagated plant. Dehydration and freezingare critical steps of successful cryopreservation so that it should beoptimized. The research aimed to obtain the optimal duration ofdehydration and freezing method of sugarcane apex tissues. Theexperiments were conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Plant CellTissue Biology Group, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development on May2013−February 2014. To optimize dehydration method, the tissues wereexposured in PVS2 solution (MS + 30% glycerol + 15% ethylene glycol +15% dimethyl sulphoxide + 0.4 M sucrose) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes.To optimize freezing method, the combined treatment of preculture withsucrose (0, 0.1, dan 0.3 M) for 5 days and loading in LS solution (MS + 2M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose) for 0, 10, 20, dan 30 minutes) were testedbefore dehydration for 30 minutes and freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196 o C).The best duration of dehydration was 30 minutes. The combined treatmentof preculture on 0.3 M sucrose and loading for 10 minutes was the bestmethod for tissues freezing. Percentage of regrowth before and afterfreezing in liquid nitrogen was 100 and 40% respectively. Aftercryopreservation, the cultures could grow with high shoot multiplicationrate about 10 shoots/explant. The method resulted in this study can beapplied for long-term storage of sugarcane germplasms by cryopreser-vation and (elimination of obligate pathogens by cryotherapy.Keywords: Saccharum officinarum L., apex, dehydration, freezing, liquidnitrogen
Shoot Borers Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker Attack on Sugarcane at Three Planting Systems
No full textABSTRACTScirpophaga excerptalis W alker shoot borers is one of the major pests of sugarcane. The p lants at tacked by this pests wil l dec rease in yield, productivity, and sugar c rystal. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station, in Muktiharjo, Pati fr om January to May 201 3. The aims of the experiment was to determine the coverity of S. excerptalis s hoot borers a ttack on three su garcane cropping systems of (S. officinarum L.). The treatment co nsisted of thr ee cro pping systems: 1) single row, 2) wide double row, and 3) narrow double row. Treatments arranged in a randomized complate block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the use of wide double row cropping systems can increase shoot borers attack S. excerptalis, higher than the other cropping systems. Based on this research result, it is recommended to select planting system that can increase plant population but not to decrease intensity of light. From this, wide double row is selected.Keyword: Top borers, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walke, Saccharum officinarum L., planting system. SERANGAN PENGGEREK PUCUK Scirpophaga excerptalis WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE) PADA TIGA SISTEM TANAM TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.)ABSTRAKSalah satu jenis hama utama tanaman tebu adalah penggerek pucuk Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker. Serangan hama tersebut pada pertanaman tebu dapat menurunkan produktivitas, rendemen dan hasil hablurnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati mulai bulan Januari sampai dengan Mei 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan penggerek pucuk S. excerptalis pada tiga sistem tanam tebu (S. officinarum). Perlakuan terdiri atas 3 sistem tanam, yaitu 1) juring tunggal, 2) juring ganda rapat, dan 3) juring ganda lebar, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan juring ganda rapat pada sistem tanam tebu dapat meningkatkan serangan penggerek pucuk S. excerptalis lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan juring ganda lebar dan juring tunggal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan untuk memilih sistem tanam yang dapat meningkatkan populasi tanaman tetapi tidak menurunkan intensitas cahaya yang masuk. Pada hasil penelitian ini, sistem tanam yang dipilih adalah juring ganda lebar.Kata kunci: Penggerek pucuk, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker, Saccharum officinarum L., sistem tana
PENGELOMPOKAN POHON INDUK CENGKEH TERPILIH DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG BERDASARKAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI / Clustering of Progeny Clove Accessions from Cimanggu Population in Sumedang Based on the Morphologycal Characters
Get PDFCimanggu progeny clove has been distributed to almost of centre production, such as in Sumedang. However, their genotypes are still unidentified. Therefore, clustering cloves accession population in Sumedang is necessary. The objectives of this study is to cluster and determine phylogenetic relationship of Cimanggu progeny clove population in Sumedang base on morphological characters. The experiment was conducted in Sumedang (West, Java) from 2013 until 2014, by using 10 selected accessions (healthy, more than 40 years old, productivity is ≥ 20 kg dried flower). Variables were observed include morphological leaf, flower and flower production. To distinguish genotype from each accession was conducted by cluster analyzed, while to identify the variables which were related to the clusters formation, used correspondence analysis. The results indicated, that clove population Sumedang can be classified into three clusters as followed: the first cluster are Syar 43 and 46 accessions, characterized by greenish orange and greenish purple of young leaves tip with flower tube greenish red (GR 180B), the second cluster are Syar 44 and 45 accession, characterized by tip reddish purple young leaves and greenish red (GR181B) flower tubes color, and the third cluster are Syar 47, 49, 50, 51 and 52 accessions, characterized by orange young leaves tips and greenish red (GR180C) flower tubes. This information can be utilized to support releasing Cimanggu clove variety.Keywords: Syzygium aromaticum, clustering, characters, morpholog
AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK BUAH CABAI JAWA (Piper retrofractum) TERHADAP Helopeltis antonii (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Get PDFABSTRAKHelopeltis antonii merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman kakao,teh, dan jambu mete yang menyerang pucuk dan buah dengan menusukkanstiletnya untuk mengisap cairan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan.Penelitian bertujuan menguji toksisitas ekstrak buah Piper retrofractum(cabai jawa) terhadap imago, pengaruh konsentrasi subletal terhadap nimfaketurunan, persistensi terhadap mortalitas dan oviposisi H. antonii.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan ToksikologiSerangga, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman,Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Sukabumi, mulai Mei2013 sampai April 2014. Buah mentimun digunakan sebagai inangpengganti untuk perbanyakan serangga uji H. antonii di laboratorium danmedia pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian imago H.antonii, akibat perlakuan ekstrak P. retrofractum 0,05-0,3%, sudah terjadipada 24 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Sementara itu, pada 24 dan 48 JSPterjadi penurunan tingkat kematian H. antonii. Setelah 48 JSP, hanyaterjadi sedikit peningkatan kematian H. antonii. LC 50 dan LC 95 ekstrak P.retrofractum pada 120 JSP masing-masing 0,20 dan 0,49%. Jumlah nimfaketurunan yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan subletal ekstrak P. retrofractum0,203% (LC 50 ) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 0,141%(LC 25 ). Ekstrak P. retrofractum yang dipajankan di bawah sinar mataharihingga 5 hari masih efektif terhadap imago (mortalitas 80%), tetapi tidakefektif dalam menghambat peletakan telur H. antonii. Penghambatanpeletakan telur terhadap imago H. antonii pada perlakuan ekstrak P.retrofractum 0,98% (2 × LC 95 ) yang dipajankan di bawah sinar matahariselama 0 dan 1 hari, dengan indeks penghambatan oviposisi 22,7 dan23,8%. Keefektifan ekstrak P. retrofractum perlu diuji di lapangan untukmenilai kelayakan dalam pengendalian H. antonii.Kata kunci: insektisida botani, mortalitas, oviposisi, persistensiABSTRACTHelopeltis antonii is cocoa, tea, and cashew nuts important pest thatcauses damage by sucking plant sap from shoots and nuts. This study wasconducted to test toxicity of Piper retrofractum fruit extract on adults,sublethal effect on the production nymphal progeny, and persistenceagainst mortality and oviposition of H. antonii. This study was conductedat The Fisiology and Insect Toxicology Laboratory, Plant ProtectionDepartement, Bogor Agricultural University and The Plant ProtectionLaboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institutefrom Mey 2013 to April 2014. Cucumber was used as a host substitute forrearing the test insect and as the testing medium. The results show thatadult mortality, due to the P. retrofractum leaf extract treatment 0.05-0.3%, has occured at 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Meanwhile, H.antonii mortality has decreased on 24 and 48 HAT. After 48 HAT, only aslight increased in H. antonii mortality. LC 50 and LC 95 of P. retrofractumextract at 120 HAT were 0.20 and 0.49%, respectively. The treatment atsublethal concentrations (LC 25 and LC 50 ) markedly decreased nymphalprogeny number. P. retrofractum extract suspensions at LC 95 and 2 × LC 95exposed under sunlight for 5 days were still effective against H. antoniiadults (80% mortality), but were not effective in females inhibitingoviposition. The oviposition inhibiting activity was observed only in thetreatment with P. retrofractum extract at 2 × LC 95 exposed under sunlightfor 0 and 1 day in which the oviposition deterrency indices were 22.7 and23.8% respectively. Key words: botanical insecticides, mortality, oviposition, persistenc
KERAGAMAN FENOTIPE DAN GENETIK TIGA VARIETAS KELAPA GENJAH KOPYOR ASAL PATI JAWA TENGAH
Get PDFABSTRAKKelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati, Jawa Tengah merupakankekayaaan hayati asli Indonesia dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Informasikeragaman genetik kelapa kopyor masih terbatas. Data keragamanmorfologi dan genetik diperlukan dalam program pemuliaan kelapakopyor. Penelitian ini mempelajari keragaman tiga varietas kelapa genjahkopyor asal Pati yang telah dilepas berdasarkan karakter morfologi,kuantitas endosperma, dan keragaman alel marka SSR. Penelitiandilakukan di Pati dan di Laboratorium Plant Molecular Biology,Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadaptiga populasi kelapa Genjah kopyor (hijau, coklat, dan kuning) dengan 30tanaman sampel untuk setiap populasi. Rataan data morfologi digunakanuntuk menyusun dendogram. Kuantitas endosperma diamati pada satubuah kelapa kopyor per tanaman yang dievaluasi. Karakteristikendosperma dikelompokkan sesuai kategori yang telah ditetapkan. Untuksetiap populasi, analisis marka dengan lima pasang primer SSR dilakukanpada 10 tanaman sampel. Data yang didapat digunakan untuk menentukankeragaman genetik kelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati. Hasil pengamatanmenunjukkan keragaman morfologis dan alel SSR antar tanaman dalamvarietasnya (keragaman intra-varietas) rendah. Sebaliknya, keragamanmorfologis dan alel SSR antar varietasnya tinggi. Kuantitas endospermakelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati bervariasi antara skor 1–6. Keragamangenetik yang rendah dalam varietas dan tinggi antar ketiga varietas (coklat,hijau, dan kuning) memperkuat pelepasan ketiganya sebagai varietas lokal.Selain itu, keragaman genetik antar tanaman dalam varietas yang rendahmendukung penggunaan ketiga varietas lokal sebagai tetua dalam programperakitan varietas kelapa kopyor unggul baru. Tetua yang dipilih dapatdiseleksi intra-varietas berdasarkan persentase buah kopyor per tandandan skor kuantitas endosperma yang tinggi.Kata kunci: Keragaman morfologis, keragaman intra dan antar varietas,kuantitas endospermaABSTRACTKopyor dwarf coconuts are mutants from Pati, Central Java havinghigh economic values. However, morphological and genetic diversities ofthis coconut were still limited. Morphological and genetic diversity dataare needed for breeding program. The research objectives were to evaluateintra and inter-specific diversity based on morphology, endospermquantity, and SSR alleles. Field evaluations were conducted in Pati whilelaboratory activities were at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Three populations ofkopyor dwarf varieties (brown, green, and yellow) were evaluated. Thirtytrees were sampled for each population. The average of morphologicaldata were used to construct cluster analysis. Endosperm quantity wasscored (0 – 9) based on a single nut sample. Ten palms were analyzedusing five SSR loci for each population and used to determine geneticdiversity of populations. Results of observations indicated intra-varietymorphological and SSR allele variations among kopyor dwarf was low.However, inter-variety variations were high. The endosperm quantityscores among kopyor dwarf coconut ranged from 1–6. The low intra-variety and high inter-variety variations among the three kopyor dwarfcoconut supported their release as different local varieties. Moreover, thelow intra-variety phenotypic and genotypic diversities among kopyorbrown, green, and yellow dwarf coconut support their use as parents fornew and superior kopyor coconut variety development in the future. Forsuch purpose, however, it is necessary to conduct intra-variety selection toidentify desirable parents based on high kopyor fruit percentage per bunchand for high kopyor endosperm quantity.Key words: Morphological diversity, intra and inter variety diversities,quantity, endosper
PENGARUH UMUR PANEN RIMPANG TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGI DAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Get PDFABSTRAKSalah satu faktor yang menentukan daya simpan benih jahe putihbesar (JPB) adalah mutu. Mutu benih sangat ditentukan oleh tingkatkemasakan rimpang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhumur panen terhadap perubahan fisiologi dan viabilitas benih selamapenyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan LaboratoriumTeknologi Benih, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat sertaLaboratorium Pascapanen IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Juli 2012 sampaidengan Februari 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap(RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tiga tingkat umurpanen benih 7, 8, dan 9 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap perubahan fisiologis (penyusutan bobot, persentase rimpangbertunas, tunas, kadar air, dan laju respirasi), serta viabilitas rimpang benih(daya tumbuh, tinggi, dan bobot kering bibit). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan rimpang benih umur 7 dan 8 BST mempunyai daya simpanterbaik karena menghasilkan masing-masing total angka penyusutan bobotlebih rendah (24,65 dan 25,25%) dan tunas lebih pendek (0,30 dan 1,08cm) dibandingkan dengan umur panen 9 BST (27,13% dan 1,62 cm),selama 4 bulan disimpan. Masa dormansi rimpang benih JPB mulai pecahsetelah mengalami periode simpan 2 bulan. Pertumbuhannya mulaiseragam setelah 3 bulan simpan. Umur panen jahe 7 dan 8 BSTmempunyai derajat dormansi yang lebih tinggi dibanding 9 BST. Rimpangbenih umur panen 7, 8, dan 9 BST mempunyai daya tumbuh tinggi (>95%)dan pertumbuhan bibit seragam setelah 3 bulan disimpan.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc., penyimpanan, benih, perubahanfisiologis, viabilitasABSTRACTOne of the factors that determine the storability of seed rhizome ofwhite big ginger (WBG) is quality. The quality is determined by thematurity levels of seed rhizome. The aim of the experiment was to observethe effect of harvesting time on physiological changes and seed viability ofWBG seed rhizomes during the storage. The experiment was conducted atGreen House and Seed Technology Laboratory of Indonesian Spice andMedicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor and Postharvest Laboratory,IPB, from July 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was arranged in acompletely randomized design with five replications. The treatmentstested were three levels of WBG seed rhizome harvesting time: 7, 8, and 9month after planting (MAP). Variables observed were physiologicalchanges of seed rhizomes during the storage (weight loss, sproutingpercentage, shoot height, respiration rate, and moisture content) andviability (growth ability, height, and dry weight of the seedling). Theresults showed that seed rhizomes at 7 and 8 had the best storability, sinceit was produced each low rate of weight loss (24.65 and 25.25%), andshoots shorter (0.3 and 1.08 cm) than 9 MAP (27.13% and 1.62 cm), for 4months in storage. Dormancy of WBG seed rhizomes has been brokenafter 2 months in storage. Harvesting at 7 and 8 showed a degree ofdormancy higher than the harvesting age 9 MAP. Harvesting time at 7, 8,and 9 MAP had high growth ability (> 95%) and uniform seedling growthafter 3 months in storage.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc., storage, seed, physiologicalchanges, viabilit