Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER SIX COCONUT CROPPING SYSTEMS
No full textThee wee a number of factors causing diffeences in coconut growth and soil properties under ield condition. To cope with the existing vaiation fanning system in relation to soil properties, six coconut farming systems with four species of perenial crops as inter- crop(s) namely banana, papaya, coffee and pineapple wee conducted understudy. The objectives of the study were to study soil chemical and physical properties and nutrient element content in the coconut leave under various coconut cropping systems. Six coconut farming system as used for the study namely (I) coconut (control), (2) coconut + pineapple, (3) coconut + coffee, (4) coconut + papaya + pineapple, (5) coconut + banana + coffee, and (6) coconut + banana ♦ papaya + coffee + pineapple. Total area for each system is 0.5 ha. Data on leaf analysis parameters, soil chemical poperties and soil physical parameters, wee statistically analyzed in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity of the soils did not differ significantly with cropping pattern, although intensively cropped farm tended to have higher organic matter and cation exchange capacity values. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium wee also significantly higher in intercropped farms but calcium and magnesium did not vary signiicantly. While moistue content, water holding capacity, bulk density of the soil did not show significantly difference with cropping patterns. Leaf nitrogen and calcium incease while potassium deceased with intensity of cropping. Phosphorus and magnesium showed no diinite trend. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were all positively correlated with soil nitrogen but soil phosphorus was weakly correlated with all nutrient element in the leaf. The exchangeable potassium in the topsoil was positively and insigniicantly with nitrogen, potassium and calcium but negatively insignificantly with phosphorus and magnesium concentration in coconut leaf. While the exchangeable calcium in the subsoil was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen in the leaf but negatively corelated with potassium
Pseudocercospora liebenbergii PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN TANAMAN AKAR TIKUS
No full textPseudocercospora liebenbergii the cause of leaf spot disease on Rauwolfta serpentinaThe experiments wee conducted at Reseach Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, rom Ocober 1995 o March 19%. The objective of the experiments wee to identify the causal agent of leaf spot disease on Rauwofia serpentina and some ecobiological aspects. The expeiments were divided into two steps. The first step was observation on the disease intensity and identification of the causal agent. The second step was testing the effect of temperature and light on the mycelia growth and the germination of conidia, and the survival of conidia at diferent ranges of elative humidity. The results showed that the pathogenic of leaf spot disease is Pseudocercospora liebenbergii, newly eported pathogenic fungus in Indonesia. The fungus infected leaf only. The disease intensity ranged between 0-85%/plant with the average 22.23%. The first symptoms i.e. light spots wee observed 2-3 weeks after the inoculation. Stroma wee found on the upper and botom of the oldest spots The optimum temperatue for fungal growth ranged between 20-28°C. Continuous light was able o induce the growth of aerial mycelia but failed against the fungal rate. The germination of conidia occured at temperature between 20-32°C with an optimum of 24°C. Conidia on the surface of the oldest leaf spots were still viable ater the leaves wee incubated for 48 hours at 55% elative humidity
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA / Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Virginia Tobacco
Get PDFTobacco Generally farmers in Lombok apply single fertilizer of ZA or Urea (as a source of N), and SP36 (as source of P), without combining with K and Mg fertilizers. The fertilizers are added more than twice with unappropriates doses. Application of compound fertilizer might increase growth, yield and quality of Virginia fc tobacco at Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, because the fertilizer consists of NPK macro nutrients which have important role for tobacco. The experiment was carried out at Kopang Rembiga village, Kopang District in 2014. The objective to was identify the effect of NPKMg compound fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco. Split Plot Design with three replicates was used to arrange treatments. Three varieties of Virginia tobacco (Coker 176, Coker 319 and NC 297) were set as main plots, and three rates of NPKMg fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) were arranged as sub plots. Results showed that increasing of NPKMg fertilizer up to 100 kg N/ha increased growth, yield and quality of three varieties of Virginia tobacco. Addition of 100 kg N/ha NPKMg (100 kg N+ 60 kg P2O5 + 133 kg K2O + 13.34 kg MgO per hectare) gave the highest values of grade index and crop index of three varieties, thus the fertilizer could be recommended for Virginia tobacco in Lombok
PRODUKTIVITAS SIFAT KIMIA DAGING DAN AIR BUAH ENAM JENIS KELAPA HIBRIDA
No full textProductivity, chemical characteristics of coconut meat and water of six coconut hybridsThis research was conducted in Kima Atas Research Station-North Sulawesi for 10 years (1988-1998). The altitude is 80 meters above sea level, with soil type young vulcanic and climate type Ri Oldeman. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block design with 5 replications, the number of palms was each 12 for treatment planted at 9 m x 9 m tiangle. The treatment consisted of six hybrids viz: Raja Dwarf (GRA) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Takome Tall (DTE), Nias Yellow Dwarf (GKN) x Takome Tall (DTF), and GKN x DTA (Khina-1) with GKN x WAT (PB-121) as control. The observation was done on the time of lowering, coconut and copra production, resistence to Phytophthora and chemical characteistics of coconut meat and water. The results of the expeiment showed that the time of lowering of GRA x DMT, GKB x DMT and GKN x DTE hybrids were not sipificantly diferent from with Khrna-I and PB-121 as control. At the 9* year, the nuts production per palm per year of GKN x DTE and GKB x DTE hybids were higher compared to other hybrids, but from the 8-9* years. the copra production of four hybrids were higher than PB-121 and Khina-I. The hybrids GRA x DMT and GKB x DTE wee more esistant to Phytophthora. The protein and oil content per palm of four hybids and Khina-1 wee better than that of PB-121
SUBSTITUSI LEMAK KAKAO DENGAN MINYAK DARI INTI KELAPA SAWIT DAN KELAPA TERHIDROGENASI UNTUK PRODUK COKELAT SUSU / Substitution of Cocoa Butter with Hydrogenated Oil From Palm Kernel and Coconut for Milk Chocolate Product
Get PDFMany studies have been conducted to obtain equivalens, substitutent and replacers of cocoa butter, but limited application was observed for their application in milk chocolate. Research carried out in the Bioindustry Laboratory of Balittri, from January to December 2015. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydrogenated oil addition from palm kernel (MIKS-H) and coconut (MK-H) as substituents of cocoa butter (LKo) on milk chocolate product. Cocoa was processed for milk chocolate by adding various cocoa butter substitutens including 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H 70:30 (B) and 50:50 (C), respectively; LKo - MK-H 70:30 (D) and 50:50 (E), respectively; and LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H 33:33:33 (F). Several properties of products such as melting point, texture, colors, volatil organic compound, and organoleptic test were measured. As results, a mixture of LKo and MK-H 50:50 yielded a milk chocolate with lower melting temperature, 32 – 33oC. Whereas, MIKS-H 50% added in the mixture harder 16.25 times than LKo 100%. Total volatile compounds in milk chocolate was 25- 30. Organoleptic test with overall parameter indicates that panelists preferred milk chocolate formula E. In general, MIKS-H and MK-H were able to be used as a substitute of LKo.Keywords: Cocoa butter, fat substitution, milk chocolate AbstrakPenelitian tentang substitusi lem ak kakao telah banyak dilakukan, namun aplikasinya pada cokelat susu serta pengaruhnya terhadap mutu dan kesukaan konsumen belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak terhidrogenasi dari inti kelapa sawit (MIKS-H) dan kelapa (MK-H) sebagai substitusi lemak kakao (LKo) untuk produk cokelat susu. Kakao diolah menjadi produk cokelat susu dengan penambahan substituen lemak kakao yang beragam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioindustri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) dimulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2015. Perlakuan meliputi 100% LKo (A); LKo - MIKS-H dengan rasio 70:30 (B) dan 50:50 (C); LKo - MK-H dengan rasio 70:30 (D) dan 50:50 (E); serta LKo – MIKS-H – MK-H dengan rasio 33:33:33 (F). Parameter yang diuji adalah titik leleh, tekstur, warna, profil senyawa volatil dan uji kesukaan. Penambahan LKo dan MK-H dengan rasio 50:50 menghasilkan cokelat susu dengan kisaran titik leleh yang lebih rendah yaitu 32-33oC. Sementara, penambahan MIKS-H 50% dapat meningkatkan kekerasan cokelat sampai 16,25 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan penggunaan 100% LKo. Kisaran jumlah senyawa volatil produk cokelat susu dari enam formula adalah 25–30. Hasil uji organoleptik parameter overall (keseluruhan) menunjukkan bahwa panelis menyukai cokelat susu formula E. Secara umum MIKS-H dan MK-H dapat digunakan sebagai substituen lemak kakao. Kata kunci: Lemak kakao, substitusi lemak kakao, cokelat sus
METODE EKSTRAKSI DNA PADA Jatropha spp. TANPA MENGGUNAKAN NITROGEN CAIR / DNA Extraction Method of Jatropha spp. without Liquid Nitrogen
Get PDFPhysic nut is one of potential plant which produces biofuel. It is necessary to do an intensive breeding program either conventionally or molecularly based to develop new varieties of physic nut. All this time the physic nut DNA extraction methods always used liquid nitrogen to destroy the plant tissue. Liquid nitrogen is not always available, especially in remote areas. Physic nut has high latex content which makes extraction process more difficult. The aim of this study was to find the technique of DNA extraction which can give a good result without using liquid nitrogen. This research was conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICABIOGRAD Bogor from November to Desember 2015. There were five Jatropha species from Thailand which used in this research e.g. Jatropha curcas, Jatropha podagrica, Jatropha gossypifolia, Jatropha multifida, and Baliospermum solanifolium. The extraction method used modification CTAB by addition of PVP, sodium metabisulphite, sucrose and ascorbic acid. The young leaves were used as the part to be extracted. The results showed that the modified method could produce a good quality and quantity of DNA. The banding pattern of DNA amplification clearly visible under UV light. This method can reduce the dependency of liquid nitrogen. AbstrakEkstraksi DNA merupakan salah satu ta hap penting dalam kegiatan pemuliaan berbasis molekuler. Jarak merupakan salah satu tanaman dengan kandungan getah cukup tinggi sehingga proses ekstraksi DNA cukup sulit dilakukan. Selama ini metode ekstraksi yang dikembangkan umumnya menggunakan nitrogen cair untuk menghancurkan jaringan tanaman. Nitrogen cair merupakan senyawa yang cukup sulit untuk didistribusikan ke laboratorium yang letaknya jauh dari kota. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh teknik ekstraksi DNA jarak yang mampu menghasilkan DNA dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik tanpa menggunakan nitrogen cair. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen), Bogor pada bulan November hingga Desember 2015. Terdapat lima spesies jarak asal Thailand yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Jatropha curcas, Jatropha podagrica, Jatropha gossypifolia, Jatropha multifida, dan Baliospermum solanifolium. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan melalui modifikasi buffer CTAB melalui penambahan senyawa PVP, natrium metabisulfit, sukrosa dan asam askorbat. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan berupa daun yang masih muda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DNA jarak yang diekstraksi dengan metode ini mempunyai kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik serta mampu diamplifikasi dengan baik. Metode ini mampu mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap nitrogen cair yang ketersediaannya terbatas di laboratorium yang lokasinya jauh dari kota.Kata kunci: Jatropha spp., ekstraksi, DNA, nitrogen cai
RENTABILITAS BUDIDAYA LADA PERDU DAN LADA TIANG PANJAT MATI
No full textRentability of bushy black pepper and dead-pole pepperBushy black pepper (Piper nigrum L) is a cultivation of pepper without using pole. The objective of the research was to obtain the entability of bushy black pepper and dead-pole pepper. The research was conducted in Bangka distict in November 1996. The study of bushy black pepper was a case study, because there was only one farmer that carried out bushy black pepper farming. The study of dead-pole pepper used 25 farmers. The methods used to analyze additional value were financial analysis, sensitivity analysis, and qualitative-desciptive analysis. The result showed that the cost of bushy black pepper farming system (Rp 5 043 974/ha) was lower than that of dead-pole pepper (Rp 9 609 71 l/ha). Net Present Value (NPV). B/C ratio and Intenal Rate ofRetum(IRR)ofbushy black pepper was higher than that of dead-pole pepper. NPV of bushy black pepper was Rp 5 252 917/ha and dead-pole peppers was Rp 2 724 199/ha. B/C ratio of bushy black pepper is 2.04 and dead-pole pepper was 1.28. Internal rate of return (IRR) was 110%forbushy black pepper and 42% for dead-pole pepper
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DAN TITIK IMPAS USAHATANI JAHE PUTIH BESAR (JPB) PANEN MUDA DI SUMEDANG / Fertilization Effect on Productivity and Break-Event Point of Young Big White Ginger Farming System in Sumedang
Get PDFThe study aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer NPK on the productivity, break event point and farmer’s income from young big white gingger (YBWG) (harvested at 6 months old) productivity. The study was conducted at Ganjarresik, Wado, Sumedang, West Java (701-1000 m asl) in April 2016, by use all of farmer which cultivate YBWG in Cakrabuana hill side as respondent. The farm productivity was measured based on output per unit area while the break event point (BEP) determined by BEP production and BEP prices. The analysis showed that productivity of farming system YBWG harvested at NPK 15:15:15 was 10.065 kg/ harvest/year was lower than BEP production = 12.762 kg/harvest/year, ginger price at harvesting time in location was also still lower than BEP price = Rp 2.155/kg, there fore, farming system was deficit Rp 4,584.900/harvest/year. Productivity of farming system YBWG harvested treatment NPK 16;16;16 was 32% higher than productivity YBWG from NPK 15:15:15 treatment, with the same price, there fore, farming system of YBWG harvested was still deficit but, it was relatively small (Rp 360.000,-/harvest/ha) only 8% from NPK 15:15:15 treatment deficit. Based on productivity and price at harvesting time, indicated that farming system harvested YBWG donot yet given profit. Beside, fertlizer price factor determined BEP and income of YBWG farming in Sumedang district.Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc, fertilization, productivity, young harvesting, break event point and income AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan NPK terhadap produktivitas, titik impas dan pendapatan usahatani JPB panen muda (umur 6 bulan). Penelitian dilakukan di Ganjarresik,Wado, Sumedang (701 – 1000 m dpl), April 2016 dengan responden seluruh petani yang melakukan usahatani JPB panen muda di lereng bukit Cakrabuana. Produktivitas usahatani dihitung berdasarkan produksi per satuan luas, sedangkan titik impas menggunakan indikator BEP produksi dan BEP harga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan produktivitas usahatani JPB panen muda yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15, sebanyak 10.065 kg/panen/ha masih di bawah BEP produksi = 12.762 kg/panen/ha, demikian juga harga yang berlaku di lokasi penelitian (Rp 1.700,-/kg) masih di bawah BEP harga = Rp 2.155,-/kg, sehingga usahatani rugi sebesar Rp 4.584.900,-/panen/ha. Adapun produktivitas usahatani JPB panen muda yang menerapkan NPK 16:16:16, 32% lebih tinggi dari produktivitas JPB yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15 dengan harga yang sama tapi kerugian relatif lebih kecil (Rp 360.000/panen/ha atau 8%) dari total kerugian yang menerapkan NPK 15:15:15. Berdasarkan produktivitas dan harga yang berlaku di lokasi penelitian, mencerminkan bahwa usahatani JPB panen muda belum memberikan manfaat finansial bagi petani. Selain pemupukan, faktor harga sangat menentukan BEP dan pendapatan usahatani JPB panen muda di Kabupaten Sumedang.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc, pemupukan, produktivitas, panen muda, titik impas dan pendapata
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU CERUTU BESUKI NO / Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Besuki NO Cigar Tobacco
Get PDFFarmers of Besuki NO cigar tobacco use single fertilizer of ZA or Urea (as a source of N-ammonium), and SP36 (as source of P) in excessive rates which may increase cost of fertilizing and reduce tobacco quality. The experiment which was carried out at Ampel village, District of Wuluhan, Jember in 2015 had an objective to quantify the effect of NPK compound fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of Besuki NO cigar tobacco. Treatments were packages of fertilizing which include source of compound fertilizer (NPK, KNO3, and KS) and frequency of fertilizer addition (3 and 4 times). The research used Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments of fertilizer package and they were repeated three times. As much 8 treatments of fertilizer packages were compared with farmer’s fertilizer package (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS with 4 times application). Results showed that the highest fresh yield of cigar tobacco (19,6 tons/ha) was produced by farmer’s package. However, the high dried leaves (2,5 ton/ha) and crop index (69,75) were yielded by tobacco with 250 kg NPK + 100 kg Urea + 200 kg ZA + 150 kg KS + 100 kg KNO3 per hectare which were applied 3 times.Keywords: NPK fertilizer, cigar tobacco, yield, grade index, crop indexAbstrakPada umumnya petani tembakau cerutu Besuki NO memberikan pupuk dengan dosis dan waktu pemberian berlebihan dengan jenis pupuk N-amonium, sehingga menyebabkan bertambahnya biaya pupuk dan penurunan mutu tembakau. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Ampel Kecamatan Wuluhan, Jember pada musim tanam 2015 ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh paket pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu tembakau cerutu Besuki NO. Penelitian didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 9 perlakuan paket pemupukan yang diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan paket pemupukan meliputi sumber pupuk majemuk NPK, KNO3, dan KS, dikombinasikan dengan frekuensi pemupukan sebanyak 3 dan 4 kali, sehingga diperoleh 8 paket pemupukan, yang dibandingkan dengan paket pemupukan petani (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan paket dosis petani (650 kg Urea + 25 kg SP36 +100 kg ZA +200 kg KS per hektar diberikan 4 kali menghasilkan produksi basah tertinggi (19,6 ton/ha). Namun demikian hasil tertinggi produksi kering (2,5 ton/ha) dan indeks tanaman (69,75) diperlihatkan oleh tembakau yang dipupuk dengan 250 kg NPK + 100 kg Urea + 200 kg ZA + 150 kg KS + 100 kg KNO3 per hektar dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali, yaitu saat tembakau berumur 3, 15, dan 30 hari setelah tanam.Kata kunci: pupuk majemuk, tembakau cerutu, produksi, indeks mutu, indeks tanama