Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Not a member yet
401 research outputs found
Sort by
TANGGAP BEBERAPA KLON NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PELUBANG AKAR (Radopholus simitis Cobb.)
No full textResponse of some patchouli clones (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) to burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis Cobb.)One of the seious poblems on patchouli is infection of plant parasitic nematode. Nine clones of Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) namely KJ (oiginated from tissue cultue) Meulaboh-2, Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe-2, Cisaroni . Cirateun, Tapak Tuan. Aceh Merah. Situak-2, and one clone of Java patchouli (P. heyneanus Benth.) namely Giilaya, were tested to infection of buowing nematode (Radopholus similis Cobb.) in the glasshouse of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor fom July to November 1997. Each clone was inoculated with 500 of R. similis. An expeiment have been conducted to know the esponse of some patchouli cultivars against nematode. The expeiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with thee replicates. The esults showed that the infection of R. similis reduced root weight greater than that of shoot weight, the colour of leaf became reddish or dark purple. Based on the development rate of nematode and level of damage, Giilaya appeared to be resistant, whereas Sidikalang, Cisaroni and Situak-2 clones wee slightly susceptible. KJ. Lhokseumawe-2, Cirateun. Tapak Tuan and Aceh Merah clones were susceptible, whereas Meulaboh-2 were highly susceptible against R. similis. Characteistic of Java clone that esistance and Aceh clone that shyhtly susceptible to R. similis may be useful for providing new vaieties with high content of oil and resistant to nematode
ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF USAHA TANI LADA HITAM DI LAMPUNG DAN LADA PUTIH DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
No full textThe comparative advantage analysis of black pepper in farm Lampung and white pepper's farm in West Kalimantan Study of the comparative advantage of pepper farm was conducted in Lampung as black pepper production centre with non-intensive pattern, and West Kalimantan as white pepper production centre with semi- intensive pattern fom January to March 1996. The objectives of this research were to analyze the comparative advantage of pepper farm from in terms of its capability to earn foreign exchange. Data wee conducted by survey method. Location was selected by purposive sampling method based on pepper farm pattern anner sampling was conducted by simple random sampling for each villages. The data were analyzed by using net social proitability and domestic esources cost. The result showed that pepper farm for both of production centre had comparative advantage to earn foreign exchange and the comparative advantage for semi intensive pattern was higher than that of non intensive patten. For the development of pepper in Indonesia the semi intensive pattern is better the non intensive pattern, there for it should be sugested
PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PEMBIBITAN DENGAN PEMUPUKAN NPK / Increasing Growth of Oil Palm Seedling with NPK Fertilization
Get PDFFertilization is a very important factor of production. Fertlizer on oil palm nurseries need to consider the soil used as a medium. Excessive or insufficient fertilization resulted in inferior growth. The aim of this research was to study the effects of compound fertilizer NPK 11-7-12 on the growth of oil palm seedlings and determine the optimum dose for oil palm nursery seedlings. The research was conducted in a greenhouse at Soil Research Institute, Laladon, Bogor, in October 2012 - June 2013. The design was randomized complete block, 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of 4 (1) NPK 11-7-12, (2) single NPK fertilizer (Urea, SP-36, KCl), (3) NPK 15-15-15, and (4) control treatment (without NPK). Doses of NPK fertilizer was 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, and 10.00 g NPK/tree. Beside NPK fertilizer, each polybag was added with Kieserite 1 g/tree. Urea, SP-36, KCl, Kieserite and NPK was given 12 times. Fertilization was performed at 1 week after transplanting, and then performed every 2 weeks up to 12 times. The results showed that NPK fertilizer either single or compound able to increase the growth of oil palm plantations. Effect of NPK 11-7-12 fertilizer was the same with NPK 15- 15-15 and better than the single NPK fertilizer. The optimum dosage of NPK 11-7-12 fertilizer for oil palm seedling is 5 – 6 g/tree.Keywords: compound NPK, palm oil, inceptisols, seedlings AbstrakPupuk merupakan faktor produksi yang sangat penting. Pemberian pupuk pada pembibitan kelapa sawit perlu mempertimbangkan tanah yang digunakan sebagai media. Pemupukan yang berlebihan atau kurang berakibat kurang baik dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit kurang optimum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pupuk majemuk NPK 11-7-12 terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit di pembibitan dan menentukan dosis optimum untuk pembibitan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanah di Laladon, Bogor, pada Oktober 2012 - Juni 2013. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan acak kelompok, 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 dosis pupuk NPK 11-7-12, perlakuan pupuk NPK tunggal (Urea, SP-36 dan KCl), dan pupuk NPK 15-15-15, serta kontrol (tanpa NPK). Dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 11-7-12 adalah: 0,00; 2,50; 5,00; 7,50 dan 10,00 g NPK/pohon. Selain pupuk NPK setiap polibag ditambah 1 g pupuk kieserit/pohon. Pupuk Urea, SP-36, KCl, kieserit dan NPK diberikan sebanyak 12 kali. Pemupukan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 1 minggu setelah tanam, selanjutnya dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sampai 12 kali aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK baik tunggal maupun majemuk mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengaruh pupuk NPK 11-7-12 sama dengan pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pupuk NPK tunggal. Takaran optimum pupuk NPK 11-7-12 untuk bibit kelapa sawit adalah 5-6 g/pohon.Kata kunci: NPK majemuk, kelapa sawit, Inceptisols, bibi
PENGARUH INVIGORASI TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIII DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
No full textEffect of invigoration on seed viability and plant growth of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus I.)I aw vigour and viability of seed is the main factor causing the low productivity of crops. One of the methods of improving a deteriorating seed is in vigoratioo. The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of invigwation treatment on seed viability, plant growth and yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus). The experiment was conducted in two steps. The irst step was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops. Malang from Januai to April 1998 and the second step was conducted at Asembagus Expeimental Farm from Januai to May 1998. The experiment in the laboratory was designed as a completely randomized design while the field expeiment was done as a randomized block. The treatments were arranged factoially The irst factor was the seed vigour (growth uniformity) i.e. 40 or 60%, and the second factor was tnvigoration treatment, i.e control (untreated), water, sodium phosphate (2x10 M), sodium thiosulphatc ( 2 x 10 M), or tannic acid (2 x 10"* M). Results showed that invigoration treatments were not effective, when they were applied on the seed of 40% vigour. On the seed of 60% vigour, the invigoration improved seed vigor and viability. Treating the seed of 60% vigour with sodium phosphate (2x10 M) improved growth uniformity by 20% and potential viability by 7%, while applying the seed with sodium thiosulphnte decreased elcctroconductivity by 24.59 Mmhos/g compared to the control. Furthermore, treating seed of 60% vigour with sodium phosphite improved plant stand by 7 33%. increased plant height by 19 an. stem diameter bv 2 cm and fresh stem per plot (9at ) by 633 kg
PERBANYAKAN KLON LADA VARIETAS PANNIYUR SECARA IN VITRO
No full textMultiplication ofpepper clone variety Panniyur in vitroThe study was conducted to determine effect of Benzyl Adenine (BA) on shoot multiplication and regeneration capacity of callus fom vaiety Panniyur. This esearch was undertaken at the Laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources and Beeding from Apil to October 1998. Nodal segment was used as explant source, taken from plantlet already gown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The expeiment was divided into two steps, shoot multiplication and regeneration of callus. The BA concentration used for shoot multiplication was 0.3, 1.0, 1 .5, 2.0. 2.5,3.0. and 5.0 mg/1 while for callus regeneration was 0.3. 0 5, and 0.7 mg/1. The expeiment was designed as completely randomized with 10 and 6 replications, respectively. Results showed thai the treatment with BA 2.5 mg/1 appeared to be the best medium for shoot multiplication indicated by the highest number of shoot, number of leaves and shoot height as much as 10.3, 5.6. and 4.40 cm in eight weeks, respectively. Culture performance from such culture was also the best with green leaves, fesh and vigorous. Addition of BA 0.7 mg/1 onto regeneration medium also the best treatment for shoot egeneration fom callus with average number of shoot 8.67. From such treatment was also obtained the highest growth rate with 4.35 cm shoot height and culture performance showing green leaves, average size and vigorous
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP MUTU SIMPLISIA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L)
No full textEffect of water stress on the quality of Centella asiatica L. simplisiaResearch on the effect of water stress on Centella asiatica L. was done at the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Cops, Bogor. fom January 1997 to March 1998. The objective of the research was to increase the quality of C asiatica L simplisia. Six treatments of water stress were applied based on the percentages of field capacity : (1) 100%, (2) 90%, (3) 80%. (4) 70%. (5) 60%, and (6) 50%. A randomized block design with five replications was used, and each replication in one treatment contained four polybags. Each polybag contained 9.25 kg of soil mixed with 750 g of dung, and 3 g of urea, TSP, and KCI respectively. Three plants o/C. asiatica L. fom Banjaran Bandung wee planted in each polybag. The teatment of water stress was applied one month after planting, then the plants were harvested al two months old. Observation of biomass production included : leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves, petiole, and stem. Observation on the quality of simplisia included the contents of the contents of asiaticoside acid, asiatic acid, and madecasic acid. The result indicated that water stress showed negative correlation with biomass accumulation. Inceasing 1% of water stress decreased 191 mg of biomass accumulation. Application of water stess could inceased the quality of C*. asiatica L. simplisia. The optimum of asiaticoside acid at the treatment of 53.9% of field capacity was 3.56%, asiatic acid at the treatment of 65.1% of field capacity was 1.42%. and madecasic acid at the treatment of 68.5% of field capacity was 1.76%
RESPONSE OF FIVE KENAF ACCESSIONS TO SHOOT REGENERATION
No full textThis expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to establish an appropriate regeneration protocol for kenaf. Theexpeimentwasperformed at Tissue Culture Laboratory Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops (RITFC), Malang. from June to Octo¬ ber 1997 Cotyledons with plumules attached were used as explanls and culture medium for callus induction was MS-based medium with BAP (2 mg/1) and NAA (0 5 mg/1). Calli produced in this cultures were transferred into MS-based medium containing BAP (2 mg/1) and GA.i (5 mg/1) for shoot initiation. All shoots obtained were then sub-cultured in MS-based medium without regulators (MSO) for root formation. Rooted shoots (plantlets) were acclimatized in the sterile sand and transferred mto sterile soil in the glass house. Results of this experiment showed that the most responsive accessions were Cuba 108/1. followed by KK 60, He 48. PI 324922. and CHN/ 056 H with the average number of shoots per explant 4.32 * 4.21,4.00 + 4.01.3.05 + 2.98,2.80 + 1.47. aid 2.72 + 2.49. respectively, at 40 days ater transfering on shoot regeneration medium Shoots rooted ater 14 days on MSO medium with frequencies of 81 50-93.30%. Healthy plantlets survived and grew well in soil media in the glass house. Therefore, an appropriate shoot regeneration protocol for kenaf was found
MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO BERDASARKAN JENIS EKSPLAN PADA ENAM GENOTIPE TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) / The In Vitro Shoots Multiplication Based on Explants Type on Six Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Genotypes
No full textSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is propagated vegetatively using stem cuttings. Plant propagation can utilize tissue culture techniques because it offers a faster propagation time than conventional methods, need less mother plants and labor, planting is not influenced by the season, and produce pathogen-free guaranteed seedlings. This study aims to determine the optimal type of explant for shoot multiplication of six sugarcane genotypes. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Plant Cell Tissue Biology Group, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor from May 2015 to June 2016. Explants from six genotypes of sugarcane (PS 881, PS 865, GMP 3, TK 386, PSJK 922, and PS 862) were grown on regeneration media based on explant type treatments (one shoot, two shoots, and three shoots per explant) that were subcultured every three weeks. Subcultures were conducted up to nine times, then observations of survival rate, shoot regeneration rate, number of new shoots, shoot height were made on the third, sixth, and ninth subcultures. The results showed interaction between genotypes and explant type were not significantly different except to the shoot regeneration in the sixth subculture. Each genotype had different multiplication rate, and PSJK 922 produced the lowest survival explant, shoot regeneration, and number of new shoot in the ninth subculture. Two shoots explant were the optimal type of explant for in vitro shoots multiplication with 4 new shoots per explant in the ninth subculture.Keywords: frequent subculture, micropropagation, one shoot explant, two shoots explant, three shoots explant AbstrakTebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif menggunakan stek batang. Perbanyakan tanaman dapat memanfaatkan teknik kultur jaringan karena memiliki keunggulan di antaranya, waktu perbanyakan lebih cepat dari metode konvensional, tidak memerlukan tanaman induk dan tenaga kerja dalam jumlah banyak, penanaman tidak dipengaruhi musim, serta bibit yang dihasilkan lebih terjamin bebas patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan jenis eksplan yang optimal untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro enam genotipe tebu. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor pada Mei 2015 hingga Juni 2016. Eksplan dari enam genotipe tebu (PS 881, PS 865, GMP 3, TK 386, PSJK 922, dan PS 862) ditanam pada media regenerasi berdasarkan perlakuan jenis eksplan (satu tunas, dua tunas, dan tiga tunas per eksplan) yang disubkultur setiap tiga minggu. Subkultur dilakukan hingga sembilan kali, dan pengamatan daya hidup eksplan, daya regenerasi tunas, pertambahan tunas per eksplan serta tinggi tunas dilakukan pada subkultur ke tiga, ke enam, dan ke sembilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi genotipe dan jenis eksplan tidak berpengaruh nyata kecuali terhadap daya regenerasi tunas pada subkultur ke enam. Keenam genotipe memiliki tingkat multiplikasi tunas yang berbeda, dan PSJK 922 menghasilkan daya hidup eksplan, daya regenerasi tunas, dan pertambahan tunas terendah pada subkultur ke sembilan. Eksplan dua tunas merupakan jenis eksplan yang optimal untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro dengan pertambahan 4 tunas per eksplan pada subkultur ke sembilan.Kata kunci: Subkultur berulang, mikropropagasi, eksplan satu tunas, eksplan dua tunas, eksplan tiga tuna
PRIORITAS KEBIJAKAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PERBENIHAN LADA DI KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN / Policy Priorities for Developing Pepper Seed System in The Regency of South Bangka
No full textPepper farming is dominant in South Bangka Regency. Pepper production in South Bangka reached 50.92% of total production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, but productivity only achieved 1.29 ton/ha. One of essential factors to pursue the improvement of pepper production is recomended seeds, on the other side the seed systems is not developed yet. To support the development of pepper farming system required a reliable seed system. The objective of the study are to analyze the system of pepper seed, and to set priority policy development of pepper seed system. The method used to develop policy priorities is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is supported by descriptive statistics.The performance of pepper seed system in South Bangka Regencyhas not been able to produce quality seeds that are easily accessible by farmers. The using of superior seeds is still low. This is related to the limited availability of seeds, price of seed, availability of certain seeds sources, knowledge of the benefits of high quality seeds, and limited information about seeds. Government is the institution that most influence the development of seed system. The price of white pepper is a factor most influences pepper seed system, followed by the performance of pepper seed production, pepper seed quality, and competition among seed producers. The policy required to support major pepper development is developingparent garden, followed by enhancing seed breeder capability, improving seed quality control system, developing seed infrastructure, creating partnership, developing seed information system, and increasing access to credit.Keywords: seed, pepper, seed system, policy development AbstrakUsahatani lada mendominasi pertanian di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Produksi lada Bangka Selatan mencapai 50,92% dari total produksi di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, namun produktivitas usahatani lada saat ini baru mencapai1,29 ton/ha dan berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produktivitas adalah masih tingginya penggunaan benih asalan di tingkat petani karena sistem perbenihan yang menghasilkan benih bermutu belum berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem perbenihan lada dan menyusun prioritas kebijakan pengembangan sistem perbenihan lada. Metode yang digunakan untuk menyusun prioritas kebijakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) yang ditunjang dengan statistik deskriptif. Kinerja sistem perbenihan lada di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan yang saat ini berjalan belum mampu menghasilkan benih bermutu yang mudah diakses oleh petani, walaupun sudah terdapat beberapa pelaku yang mengarah untuk terbangunnya sistem perbenihan tersebut. Penggunaan bibit unggul yang masih rendah terkait dengan keterbatasan ketersediaan benih bina, tingginya harga benih bina, belum tersedianya sumber benih jenis tertentu, pengetahuan masyarakat akan manfaat benih unggul bermutu yang masih rendah, serta keterbatasan informasi mengenai benih. Pemerintah merupakan lembaga yang memberikan pengaruh terbesar dalam pengembangan sistem perbenihan. Harga lada putih menjadi faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi pengembangan sistem perbenihan lada, diikuti oleh kinerja produksi benih lada, mutu benih lada, dan persaingan antar produsen benih. Kebijakan utamayang diperlukan untuk mendukung pengembangan lada adalah pembangunan kebun induk, dan diikuti dengan kebijakan lain yaitu: peningkatan kemampuan penangkar benih, perbaikan sistem pengawasan mutu benih, pembangunan infrastruktur benih, pengembangan kemitraan, pengembangan sistem informasi perbenihan dan peningkatan akses kredit.Kata kunci: benih, lada, sistem perbenihan, pengembangan kebijaka
PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT DAN FOSFAT UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAMBILOTO / Utilizing Endophytic Bacteria and Phosphate for Growth and Yieald of Andrographis paniculata
Get PDFAndrographis paniculta produce andrographolide, which have functions as raw material for medicine. One can stimulate andrographolide yield by utilizing endophytic bacteria and phosphate. This research objectives were to obtain effect of endophytic bacteria and phosphate on growth, yield and andrographolide content, N, P, and K uptake of A. paniculta. The research was conducted at the experimental garden of ISMCRI, at Cimanggu, Bogor from June 2012-February 2013. The trial was arranged in Random Block Design, factorial, 9 treatments and 3 replications. The first factor were endophytic bacteria; 1) without endophytic bacteria, 2) 20CD, and 3) 20BB. The second factor were the levels of P; 1) without P, 2) 27 kg/ha P, and 3) 54 kg/ha P. The results showed that Endophytic bacteria application and P fertilizer significantly increased plant growth, dry matter yield, andrographolide content and yield, and N, P, K uptake, but there were no interaction between endophytic bacteria and P treatments. Giving of endophytic bacteria improved content and yield of andrographolide ranging 16,9-29,9% and 37,6-45,7% respectively. A dossage of 27 kg/ha P was recommended to produce dry matter and andrographolide yield, and andrographolide content obtained 2.56%. The best andrographolide yield should be harvested at the beginning of generative phase.Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide content, endophytic bacteria, phosphate, yield. AbstrakTanaman sambiloto merupakan tanaman penghasil andrografolid, yang berfungsi sebagai bahan baku obat. Salah satu yang dapat memacu produksi andrographolid tersebut dengan memanfaatkan bakteri endofit dan fosfat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bakteri endofit dan fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi dan kadar andrografolid serta serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cimanggu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro), Bogor dari bulan Juni 2012-Februari 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, faktorial, 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu bakteri endofit; 1) tanpa bakteri, 2) 20CD, dan 3) 20BB. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk P; 1) tanpa pupuk, 2) 27 kg/ha P, dan 3) 54 kg/ha P. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit dan P nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi biomas, kadar dan produksi andrografolid, serta serapan hara N, P, dan K pada umur tanaman 14 MST, namun tidak terdapat interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Pemberian bakteri endofit dapat meningkatkan kadar dan produksi andrografolid, masing-masing berkisar 16,9-29,9% dan 37,6- 45,7%. Dosis 27 kg/ha P direkomendasikan untuk menghasilkan produksi bahan kering dan produksi andrografolid, dengan kadar andrografolid yang diperoleh 2,56%. Produksi andrografolid terbaik, tanaman dipanen pada fase awal generatif.Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, andrografolid, bakteri endofit, pertumbuhan, fosfat, produksi