Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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UJI ADAPTASI ENAM KLON KARET DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT / The Adaptation Test of Six Rubber Clones in Tidal Swamps
No full textIdeal land for growing rubber tree has increasingly limited. Hence farmers and companies were looking for alternative planting of rubber tree in non-conventional areas such as the land of tidal swamps. The study was conducted at Bangun Harjo Village, Air Sugihan Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from 2005 to 2014. The study was aimed to test the adaptability of six rubber clones in tidal swamps. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with rubber clones as treatment and three replications. Clones planted were IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. In each treatment there were 40 rubber trees and 15 rubber trees as samples. The parameters observed were stem girth, bark thickness, and latex yield. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan Multiple Ranges Test (DMRT) at 5% levels. The results showed that rubber trees in tidal swamps would be able to mature tapping at the age of 60 month after planting (5 years) as long as using the recommended treatment. The growth of stems of each clone at the age of 12-60 month after planting in tidal land have different growth response. However, at the age of 60 BST the highest significant girth growth was IRR 39 (48.66 cm) while the lowest was the BPM 24 (44.17 cm) clone. The average yield per tree per taping (g/t/t) from 1st to 3rd years the highest was IRR 220 (26.23 g/t/t) and the lowest was IRR 39 (15.85 g/t/t). IRR 220 is adapted to tidal swamps.Keyword: Adaptability, rubber clones, tidal swamps, growth AbstrakLahan yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet semakin terbatas sehingga banyak petani dan perusahaan mencari lahan alternatif untuk pengembangan karet di daerah non-konvensional seperti lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bangun Harjo, Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI), Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2014. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan pasang surut tipe luapan C ketinggian 10-15 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian bertujuan menguji daya adaptasi enam klon karet pada lahan pasang surut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan klon sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Klon yang diuji adalah IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. Dalam setiap perlakuan terdapat 40 tanaman dan 15 tanaman sebagai contoh. Parameter yang diamati adalah lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan hasil lateks. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, jika berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman karet pada lahan pasang surut dengan pemeliharaan sesuai anjuran mampu matang sadap pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam (5 tahun). Pertumbuhan lilit batang masing-masing klon pada umur 12-60 bulan setelah tanam di lahan pasang surut memiliki respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Namun pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam pertumbuhan lilit batang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 39 (48,66 cm) sedangkan yang terendah adalah klon BPM 24 (44,17 cm). Rata-rata hasil mulai TM1 sampai TM3 yang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 220 (26,23 g/ pohon/sadap) dan terendah adalah klon IRR 39 (15,85 g/pohon/sadap). Klon IRR 220 beradaptasi baik pada lahan pasang surut.Kata kunci: Adaptabilitas, hasil, klon karet, lahan pasang surut, pertumbuha
THE EFFECT OF JAMU FORMULAS ON BODY WEIGHT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND ANTIBODY TITER IN CHICKEN / Pengaruh Jenis Jamu terhadap Bobot Badan, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Titer Antibodi Ayam
Get PDFMedicinal plants are useful to increase body immunity, body weight, appetite, and improve health both for human and animal. The research aimed to obtain functional drink formula for chicken, called jamu, made with spices and medicinal plants. These trials consisted of 3 activities; first, raw materials preparation include fermentation and extraction, second, functional drink formulation in form liquid and powder with pH and IC50 value as parameters, third, efficacy test of formulas that had the strongest antioxidant. The treatments were categorized as group I (chicken were fed with jamu, without vaccination), group II (fed with jamu for two weeks then vaccinated), group III (jamu feeding complemented by vaccination), group IV (control, only vaccination). The third activity was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. Parameters observed were body weight increment and antibody titer. The fermentation time and formula composition showed no significant effect on pH until the third day (4.31 - 4.68), but they indicated significant effect on pH from the fourth day, declined until the seventh day (3.65-4.26). The type and compositions of the formula significantly affected IC50 value. The smallest of IC50 value of liquid and powder formulas were 7796.25 ppm and 244.57 ppm, respectively. The incremental body weight regarding liquid, powder, and control formulas were 365.55 g / week, 351.22 g / week, and 326.66 g / week, respectively. The highest antibody titer was at group III that had 4.50 (log 2), whereas control was 3.30 (log2). The combination feeding, jamu formula and vaccine, was able to increase body weight increment and antibody titer on chicken.Keywords: medicinal plants, functional drink, IC50, broilers, antibody titers AbstrakTanaman obat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, bobot badan, nafsu makan, mencegah penyakit, serta pemulihan kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional untuk ayam berbasis tanaman rempah dan obat. Kegiatan meliputi 3 aktivitas (1) Penanganan bahan baku, fermentasi dan ekstraksi (2) Formulasi minuman fungsional (cair dan serbuk) dengan parameter pH dan nilai IC50. (3) Uji efikasi formula cair dan serbuk yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Perlakuan: kelompok I, ayam hanya diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok II, ayam diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu sebelum vaksinasi, kelompok III, ayam divaksin sebelum diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok IV, ayam hanya divaksinasi. Kegiatan (3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan parameter pengamatan yaitu penambahan bobot badan dan titer antibodi. Waktu fermentasi dan komposisi formula tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan pada pH sampai hari ketiga (4,31-4,68), namun signifikan pada hari keempat ditandai dengan penurunan pH sampai hari ketujuh (3,65-4,26). Jenis dan komposisi formula secara signifikan mempengaruhi nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 terkecil dari formula cair adalah 7796,25 ppm dan serbuk 244,57 ppm. Kenaikan berat badan dengan formula jamu cair yaitu 365,55 g / minggu, serbuk 351,22 g / minggu dan kontrol 326,66 g / minggu. Titer antibodi tertinggi adalah 4,50 (log2) yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok III, sedangkan kontrol 3,30 (log2). Minuman fungsional (jamu) ditambah dengan vaksinasi mampu meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan dan titer antibodi ayam.Kata kunci: Tanaman obat, minuman fungsional, IC50, ayam broiler, titer antibod
TANGGAP TIGA VARIETAS LADA PERDU TERHADAP PUPUK ORGANIK
No full textResponse of three bushy black pepper vaieties to organic fetilizerResponse of three bushy black pepper varieties to organic fertilizer was studied in Sukamulya Research Insulation, rom February 1992 to August 1995. The plant materials used wee pepper cuttings deived rom generative branches. The field tial with factorial treatments was designed in a random¬ ized block with three replicates and 9 plants per plot The varieties tested were : a) Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), b) Merapin, and c) Kuching. The organic fertilizer used wee : (a) Control, (b) 800 g OST (organic soil treatment) per plant per year and (c) 20 kg cattle manure per plant per year. The esults indicated that Kuching it the best in terms of the number and length of pimary branches, canopy area, number ofberries per spike, and spike length. Fertilizer ■tauuuuts as well as its interaction with varieties had no significant efect on yield at the first harvest. Catle manure had significant effect on to spiked and dried berries it die second harvest However, based on toul production of dried teed*, var. LDL and Kuching gave a significantly higher yield compared with Merapin
KEEFEKTIFAN Trichoderma sp. DAN Fusarium NON PATOGENIK DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK VANILI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN / Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium to Environmentally Control Vanilla Shoot Rot Disease
Get PDFVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent. AbstrakPenyakit busuk pucuk vanili (BPV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting vanili yang berpotensi mengurangi produksi vanili di Indonesia. Penyakit BPV di Indonesia umumnya merusak pembibitan, namun akibat perubahan iklim yang ekstrim, serangan penyakit BPV pada tanaman vanili dewasa di kebun mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium non patogenik (FusNP) dalam mengendalikan penyakit BPV di kebun vanili. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi mulai November 2015 - Juli 2016. Pengujian residu fungisida sintetik dilakukan di Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Laladon Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas lima perlakuan yaitu pemberian substrat Trichoderma sp. (T), penyemprotan suspensi konidia FusNP (F), kombinasi Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP (TF), fungisida sintetik mancozeb (M) dan kontrol (K). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Variabel yang diamati adalah gejala dan keparahan penyakit, curah hujan, dan residu fungisida sintetik. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Tukey pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan FusNP cukup efektif mengendalikan penyakit BPV di lapangan, setara dengan keefektifan fungisida sintetik yaitu kejadian penyakit berkisar 2 - 5%, sedangkan kontrol mencapai 32%. Perkembangan penyakit BPV dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan, semakin tinggi curah hujan semakin tinggi intensitas serangan penyakit BPV. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik secara intensif menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan berupa residu pestisida pada daun, buah, dan tanah rizosfer vanili..Kata kunci: busuk pucuk vanili, Phytophthora. capsici, agens hayati. ABSTRACTVanilla shoot rot disease (VSR) is one of important disease that potentially reduces Indonesia’s vanilla production. The VSR disease is prevalently developing in the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the disease occurrence in the garden has increased recently. A present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and non-pathogenic Fusarium (NPF) in controlling the VSR disease in the garden. An experiment was conducted in a vanilla garden at KP Sukamulya, Sukabumi November 2015 - July 2016. The study consisted of five treatments that were application of Trichoderma sp. substrate (T) onto the vanilla tips, spraying the conidial suspension of FusNP (F), a combine application of Trichoderma sp. and FusNP (TF), synthetic fungicide mancozeb (M) and the control (K). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, replicated five times each. The variables measured were the incidence and severity of VSR diseases monthly, residue of synthetic fungicides and rainfall. The results showed that application of Trichoderma sp. sp. and NPF reduced the disease severity of VSR 3 % and 5 % respectively than the one of control. While the fungicide application was 3% lower than the control. The VSR disease progress is affected significantly by rainfall period. Keyword: vanilla shoot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici. Bioagent
POTENSI DAMPAK EKONOMI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PEMUPUKAN DAN POLIKULTUR LADA DI KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH / Potential Economic Impact of Pepper Fertilization and Multiple Cropping Technology Application in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java
No full textPurbalingga regency since five years has been the center of pepper production in Java Island. This study was conducted from May to September 2017 to analyze the financial performance of pepper farming and its economic impact on the development area. Data and information analysis is done qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis uses cross tabulation, then interpreted descryptionally, while quantitative analysis includes: (1) RAVC and MBCR for assessing financial performance; and (2) ΔRAVC and ROI for projected potential economic impacts. The results showed that application of fertilizer technology with <50% recommended dosage only increased RAVC IDR 1.7 million/ha/year with MBCR = 1.53. RAVC contribution of mixed crops reached IDR 12.5 million/ha/year with MBCR = 3.79. The application of fertilization and multiple cropping technology encourages greater pepper productivity increase than BEP productivity and pepper prices in year 2017 is also greater than BEP price, so the application of fertilization technology provides postive benefits for the financial performance of pepper farming. The potential economic impact of pepper technology application reached IDR 1 billion/year up to IDR 3.6 billion/year with ROI = 11.37% to 81.37% may still be enhanced by: (1) encouraging the application of fertilization technology, and (2) encouraging farmers to adopt the fertilization technology and multiple cropping correctly, given that pepper productivity is still far below genetic potential. Therefore, efforts are needed to accelerate adoption of innovation.Keywords: white pepper, technology, financial performance, economic impact AbstrakKabupaten Purbalingga sejak lima tahun terkahir telah menjadi sentra produksi lada di Pulau Jawa. Teknologi budidaya yang dilakukan para petani masih beragam sehingga mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja keuangan serta dampak ekonominya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2017 untuk menganalisis kinerja finansial usahatani lada serta potensi dampak ekonomi penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur. Analisis data dan informasi dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan tabulasi silang, kemudian diinterpretasi secara deskriptif, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif meliputi: (1) RAVC dan MBCR untuk menilai kinerja finansial, dan (2) ΔRAVC dan ROI untuk proyeksi dampak ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi pemupukan dengan <50% dosis anjuran hanya meningkatkan RAVC Rp1,7 juta/ha/th dengan MBCR=1,53. Kontribusi RAVC tanaman campuran mencapai Rp 12,5 juta/ha/th dengan MBCR=3,79. Penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur mendorong peningkatan produktivitas lada lebih besar dari pada BEP produktivitas dan harga lada pada tahun tahun 2017 juga lebih besar dari pada BEP harga, sehingga penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur memberikan manfaat posistif bagi kinerja finansial usahatani lada. Potensi dampak ekonomi penerapan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur lada mencapai Rp 1 miliar/th sampai dengan Rp 3,6 miliar/th dengan ROI= 11,37% sampai dengan 81,37% masih mungkin ditingkatkan dengan pendekatan: (1) mendorong peningkatan areal penerapan teknologi pemupukan, dan (2) mendorong petani menerapkan teknologi pemupukan dan polikultur secara benar, mengingat capaian produktivitas lada masih jauh di bawah potensi genetis. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya untuk mempercepat adopsi inovasi secara berkesinambungan. Kata kunci: lada putih, teknologi, kinerja finansial, dampak ekonom
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BIBIT TEBU G3 KULTUR JARINGAN VARIETAS PS 862 PADA PERLAKUAN JARAK TANAM DAN PUPUK KANDANG / The Production of Tissue Culture Cane Seed G3 PS862 Variety on Plant Spacing and Cow Manure Application
Get PDFMethods for increasing cane seed stock i.e by using hormones, tissue culture, fertilization, plant spacing, seed types, and organic fertilizer were used. Plant spacing is one factor to obtain optimal growth and plant production. Organic fertilizer can increase soil fertility, chemical fertilizer efficiency, and soil organic matter. Research conducted at the Experimental Station Sukamulya, Sukabumi, on Latosol. The aims of the experiment were to study the influence of plant spacing and manure on production G3 cane seed from tissue culture. Randomized complete block design were used, consisted of two factors, first factor was plant spacing, consisted of five levels. The second factor was manure doses, consisted of four levels. The parameters observed were number of stalks, number of leaves, stalk weight and diameter, number of bud and sprouted bud per clump. Production cane seed are affected by plant spacing. The highest number of stalks (4,2 stalks/clump), number of bud (57,60 buds/clum), and number of sprouted bud/clump (39,71 buds/clump) obtained by plant spacing of 110 cm x 40 cm. As well as manure application significantly affected production of seed cane, application of 9 tonnes/ha provides the highest number of sprouted bud/clump (41,34 sprouted buds/clump) gave significantly from the other treatments. Plant spacing and manure provide significantly interaction the content of N and P content in leaves. Application of manure 6 tonnes/ha at plant spacing of 120 cm x 40 cm provides the highest content of N and P in leaves, 1.47% and 0.16% respectively. The highest K content obtained at plant spacing of 100 cm x 40 cm by application of manure 6 tonnes/ha
KORELASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH DENGAN INTENSITAS PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG TANAMAN LADA / Correlation of Physical and Chemical Soil Characteristics with Intensity of Foot Rot Disease of Black Pepper
Get PDFFoot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici is the most destructive disease in Southeast Sulawesi. The disease intensity is 61.2%. This disease is difficult to control because the pathogen is soil borne and influenced by various complex environmental conditions. The study aimed to determine the correlation of physical and chemical soil characteristics with disease intensity of foot rot of black pepper. Disease intensity was assessed from the subplots of black pepper plantation of 15x15 m2 consisting of 36-40 plants. Soil samples were randomly taken from the rhizosphere of the plants in each sub plot, mixed and taken as a composite. The physical and chemical analyses were conducted in the laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gajah Mada University. Disease intensity and soil characteristics were analyzed its correlation using a path analysis. The results showed that soil fertility in the study area was low. The path analyses indicated that physical and chemical properties that correlated with low disease intensity were high cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), potassium and phosphor available as well as moisture at field capacity, whereas those induced disease development were high content of clay fraction, sand fraction, porosity, total N, C-organic and salinity. The control strategy for foot rot disease in Southeast Sulawesi was possibly by increasing CEC, BS, potassium and phosphor available, as well as by improvement of soil texture that can lower high fraction of clay, sand and soil porosit
RESPON KLON RAMI TERHADAP PENYEMPROTAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUII DAN PUPUK PELENGKAP CAIR
No full textResponse of ramie clone on growth regulator spray and liquidfertilizer supplementThe experiment of growth regulator and fertilizer supplement applica¬ tion was conducted at the green house of RITFC from November 1995 to June 1996 to accelerate the vegetative growth of ramie clone Pujon 10. The objective of the research was to find out suitable growth regulator to accelarate the vegetative growth of ramie clone Hie treatments were the application of /.PI and PPC as the supplement to NPK fetilizer application through the soil. I lie application was conducted one time and two times. The research used a completely randomized block design with three replications Hie results showed that 7-PT was the fastest in accelerating the vegetative growth of ramie The suitable dosage was 1.0 litrc/ha applied twice on 15 and 25 days after cuting, 0.5 htre/ha/application. The increase of chinagrass by adding the growth regulator was 57.8% compared to NPK fertilizer only
PENGARUH PENGENCERAN MEDIA DASAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR JAHE DALAM PENYIMPANAN SECARA IN VITRO
No full textEffect of dilution of basic medium on ginger growth during conservation in vitroBasic medium dilution could affect the growth of the culture. The effect of basic medium dilution was evaluated at the laboratory of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops from October 1998 to June 1999. Sterile shoots of ginger were used as ex plants. Basic medium dilution from 3/4 MS, 1/2 MS, 1/4 MS and MS normal (control) were used as treatments. The media were enriched with BA 3 mg/1 and Sucrose 6%. The treatments wee arranged in a completely randomized design with three eplications. Results showed that all the dilution treatments inhibited the grow of the culture during live months of conservation period, especially on 1/4 MS + BA 3 mg/1 + Sucrose 6% . On the media, the number of shoots wee 3.55. Based on cultue performance the best medium for conservation was 1/2 MS + BA 3 mg/1 + Sucrose 6%. All of the culture was able to growth in regeneration media after they were conserved for ive months. Results of this experiment could be applied in reducing sub-cultue frequency to a new media and maintain the culture stability.