Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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POTENSI SELASIH SEBAGAI REPELLENT TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti
Get PDFABSTRAKPenyakit demam berdarah yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedesaegypti merupakan penyakit yang hampir selalu terjadi setiap tahunnya dibeberapa daerah di Indonesia. Salah satu cara untuk menghindarinyaadalah dengan penggunaan lotion anti nyamuk yang pada umumnyaberbahan aktif bahan kimia sintetis. Perlu dicari bahan alami yang lebihaman dalam menghindari gigitan nyamuk, salah satunya adalah denganpenggunaan selasih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dayaproteksi selasih (Ocimum gratisimum dan Ocimum bassilicum) terhadapserangan nyamuk Aedes aegypti (vektor penyakit demam berdarahdengue). Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Entomologi, FakultasKedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada tahun 2006. Selasihdiuji dalam bentuk minyak atsiri yang diencerkan dengan parafin cair padakonsentrasi 20%; 10%; 5% dan 2,5%. Nyamuk betina hasil perbanyakan dilaboratorium merupakan serangga uji yang disimpan di dalam kurunganuji. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan lengan secarabergantian antara yang diberi perlakuan dan kontrol (tidak diberiperlakuan) ke dalam kurungan nyamuk dan dihitung jumlah nyamuk yanghinggap setiap jam, selama enam jam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selasihberpotensi sebagai pengusir (repellent) nyamuk dengan daya proteksitertinggi sebesar 79,7% selama satu jam dan rata-rata 57,6% selama enamjam. O. gratisimum lebih baik dua kali lipat daya proteksinya daripada O.bassilicum, hal ini terjadi karena diduga bahan aktifnya lebih beragam,yaitu selain mengandung eugenol 37,35%, juga thymol (9,67%) dancyneol (21,14%) dibandingkan dengan O. bassilicum yang hanya mengan-dung eugenol sebanyak 46%.Kata kunci : Selasih, Ocimum gratisimum, Ocimum bassilicum., Aedesaegypti, daya proteksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTPotency of Ocimum spp. as repellent to Aedes aegyptimosquitoThe objective of the research is to evaluate the protection ability ofOcimum spp. (gratisimum and bassilicum) against Aedes aegypti mosquito(vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Ocimum was evaluated in theform of essential oil diluted with liquid paraffin at concentrations of 20%;10%; 5% and 2,5%. Female mosquitos reared in the laboratory wereplaced in the cages. Alternately, treated and untreated hand (control) wereinserted into the cage containing mosquitos. The number of mosquitosperched on the hand were counted every hour, lasting for six hours. Resultshowed that Ocimum was prospecting to be developed as a mosquitorepellent, although its repellency was still under the repellency of syntheticrepellent (DEET). The repellency of O. gratisimum was better than O.bassilicum since O. gratisimum possessing variety of active ingredientbeside eugenol (37.35%), such as thymol (9.67%) and cyneol (21.14)compared to O. bassilicum which is only possessing eugenol as much as46%.Key words : Selasih, Ocimum gratisimum, Ocimum bassilicum, Aedesaegypti, protection ability, West Jav
PELUANG PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Get PDFABSTRAKProduktivitas kelapa sawit rakyat di Provinsi Lampung masih relatifrendah dibanding potensi produktivitas optimal. Berkenaan dengan hal itu,dari bulan Februari sampai dengan September 2012 dilakukan kajiandengan tujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik agroekologi dan teknispengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit rakyat yang berpeluang diperbaiki agarproduktivitas kebun kelapa sawit rakyat meningkat. Kebun kelapa sawitrakyat yang diidentifikasi dipilih secara acak di tujuh kabupaten diProvinsi Lampung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei danwawancara petani. Rata-rata produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) kebunkelapa sawit rakyat di Lampung masih rendah (15 ton/hektar/tahun).Produksi ini berpeluang ditingkatkan melalui penerapan teknologi yangdapat mengatasi sifat-sifat agroekologi sebagai faktor pembataspertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit, seperti ketersediaan air, retensihara, dan bahaya erosi. Teknologi yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasikendala tersebut antara lain membangun irigasi suplemen, meningkatkankemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan air, memperbanyak penggunaanbahan organik dan kapur, serta mengaplikasikan teknologi konservasitanah dan air. Produktivitas kebun kelapa sawit rakyat akan berpeluangmeningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman, sertameningkatnya penggunaan pupuk organik untuk tanaman yang telahmenghasilkan (TM) dan pupuk NPK untuk tanaman belum menghasilkan(TBM). Pembinaan petani perlu diintensifkan untuk meningkatkankesadaran petani akan pentingnya memupuk TBM. Hasil analisismengindikasikan bahwa pemupukan NPK untuk TBM berkorelasi positifdengan produktivitas kelapa sawit.Kata kunci: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., agroekologi, pengelolaan kebunkelapa sawit rakyat, produktivitasABSTRACTProductivity of smallholder oil palm in Lampung province is stillrelatively low compared to the potential for optimal productivity. A studywas conducted with regard to that, from February to September 2012 toidentify the agroecological characteristics and technical management ofsmallholder oil palm plantations that likely to be improved in order toincrease the productivity of oil palm of smallholder. Smallholderplantations studied were randomly selected, each 1 sites in seven districtsin Lampung Province and data collection was conducted through surveysand interviews of farmers. Average production of fresh fruit bunches(FFB) of smallholder oil palm plantations in Lampung are still low (15tons/hectare/year). The production is likely to be enhanced through theapplication of technology that is able to cope with the nature ofagroecology as the constraints of growth and production of oil palm,namely the availability of water, nutrient retention, and erosion hazard.The technology needed to overcome the obstacles include supplementingirrigation, increasing the soil's ability to store water, multiplying the useof organic materials and lime, and applying soil and water conservationtechnologies. Besides that, oil palm productivity of smallholder likelyincrease, along with the increasing age of the plant, the growing use oforganic fertilizer for plants that have produced (TM) and NPK fertilizerfor immature plants (TBM). Development of farmers needs to beintensified to increase farmers' awareness of the importance of fertilizingthe TBM. The results of the analysis indicated that NPK fertilization forTBM positively correlated with the productivity of oil palm.Keywords: Elaeis guineen
KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI
Get PDFABSTRAKBusuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili danmenyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlahkerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US 16 million. This research wascarried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease ofResearch Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study theeffect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils onthe VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitroformula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on thesoil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formulawith active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with activecompound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) syntheticfungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase ofthis 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized designwith three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experimentconsisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test resultscarried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove andcitronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and sporeproduction of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments andcontrol. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result thatbotanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed higheffectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, thesoil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher thanon mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanicalfungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication ofbotanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oi
PENGARUH UMUR EKSPLAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBENTUKAN KALUS EMBRIOGENIK PADA KULTUR MERISTEM JAHE (Zingiber officinale Rosc)
Get PDFABSTRAKKendala dalam pengembangan jahe di Indonesia adalah terbatasnyabenih bermutu. Secara konvensional, budidaya jahe dilakukan denganmenggunakan bibit dari potongan rimpang. Dengan cara ini diperlukanbibit dalam jumlah yang banyak, antara 2-3 t/ha untuk jahe yang dipanentua dan 5-6 t/ha untuk yang dipanen muda. Kendala lain adalah penyakittular benih layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum.Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan benih jahebebas penyakit adalah perbanyakan melalui kultur jaringan. Penelitianbertujuan untuk mengkaji sumber eksplan dari tingkat umur panenrimpang yang berbeda terhadap kapasitas pembentukan kalus embriogenikpada kultur meristem jahe putih besar. Penelitian dilakukan di BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik dari September 2007 sampaiMaret 2008, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 20 kaliulangan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah meristem jahe putih besaryang diambil dari rimpang panen muda dan tua. Peubah yang diamatimeliputi: histologi jaringan, persentase kalus embriogenik yang terbentuk,bobot segar kalus, diameter kalus, dan morfologi kalus. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan adanya daerah meristematik pada sayatan eksplan meristemjahe putih besar ukuran ± 0,25 cm. Persentase kalus embriogenik (92,1%)dan diameter kalus (0,59 mm) dari rimpang yang dipanen tua lebih tinggidari yang dipanen muda. Berat kalus (1,18 g) dan jumlah embrio somatikglobular (29,34) asal eksplan panen tua nyata lebih tinggi dari yangdipanen muda. Kalus embriogenik yang berasal dari eksplan rimpang yangdipanen tua mampu berkembang membentuk embrio somatik danberkecambah menghasilkan planlet normal.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rosc., umur rimpang, kalus embriogenik,embriogenesis somatikABSTRACTEffect of explants age on the success of embryogenic calliformation in meristem culture of ginger (Zingiberofficinale Rosc.)Constraint in ginger cultivation in Indonesia is the limited qualityof planting materials. In conventional cultivation, planting materials weretaken from a piece of rhizomes. By this technique, significant amount ofplanting materials is required, between 2-3 tons/ha for fully harvested and5-6 tons/ha for young harvested rhizomes. Another serious constraint isbacterial wilt disease infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Effortfor obtaining free disease planting materials could be performed throughtissue culture mass propagation. In this study, different ages of rhizome asexplants sources was evaluated for their capacity in embryogenic calliformation on the meristem culture of ginger. The experiment wasconducted in Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institutefrom September 2007 to March 2008, using a completely random designwith 20 replicates. Plant material used was white ginger meristem takenfrom the fully and young harvested rhizomes. The observed variables wereexplant histology, percentage embryogenic calli formation (%), freshweight of calli, calli diameter, number of globular embryo, and callimorphology. The results showed a meristematic region at the incisionexplant big-white ginger meristem ± 0.25 cm in size. Percentage ofembryogenic calli formation from the fully harvested rhizome-explant(92.1%) and calli diameter (0.59 mm) were higher than that of the youngerone. Calli weight (1.18 g) and number of globular somatic embryos(29.34) from fully harvested rhizome-explants were significantly higherthan that of the younger one. Embriogenic calli derived from the oldharvested rhizome explants was able to grow well to form somaticembryos and then germinate to produce normal plantlet.Key words : Zingiber officinale Rosc, age of rhizome, embriogeniccalli, somatic embryogenesi
PENENTUAN POLA PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI JAMBU METE
Get PDFABSTRAKSebagai produsen mete, agroindustri mete di Indonesia masih belumberkembang. Sekitar 36% produksi masih diekspor dalam bentukgelondong. Pengembangan agroindustri mete yang mengandalkan industribesar tidak berjalan baik. Untuk itu perlu dicari pola yang tepat untukpengembangan agroindustri mete. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatansystem dengan menerapkan metode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)untuk menentukan skenario terbaik pengembangan industri mete nasionalyang kuat. Akuisisi pendapat pakar dilakukan dengan wawancara intensifdan melalui FGD terhadap tujuh pakar di Bogor pada bulan Februari 2007.Faktor penentu keberhasilan pengembangan agroindustri mete dengantingkat kepentingan relatif tertinggi adalah ketersediaan bahan baku.Faktor ini sangat ditentukan oleh kinerja aktor petani dalam usahataninya,sehingga aktor petani memiliki tingkat kepentingan relatif tertinggi diantara ketiga aktor penentu. Kinerja usahatani ditentukan olehterpenuhinya obyektif dari aktor petani terutama obyektif pendapatanusahatani yang baik. Dari ketiga skenario pola pengembangan industrimete, pola industri dengan basis industri kecil skala rumah tangga untukpengacipan yang ditunjang industri pengolahan kulit mete ditingkatkabupaten sentra produksi mete dipilih sebagai pola terbaik karena dapatmemenuhi seluruh obyektif petani dengan baik. Kebijakan yang perludiambil dalam membangun industri mete dengan pola terpilih adalahdengan membentuk klaster industri mete di kabupaten sentra produksimete, meningkatkan pendapatan petani melalui pengenalan budidayaanjuran, tanaman sela dan diversifikasi hasil, serta mendorong per-dagangan kacang mete ke negara-negara terdekat pengimpor kacang meteseperti Australia, Jepang, Uni Emirat Arab dan Arab Saudi.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, AHP, agroindustri,klasterABSTRACTAssortment of patrons of cashew agroindustrydevelopmentAs a cashew producer, Indonesia’s cashew agroindustry has notbeen developed yet. Around 36% of cashew production is exportedwithout being processed. For that reason, a proper patron of cashewagroindustry development should be found. This research used systemapproach. AHP method had been applied to judge the best scenario of thepatron of cashew agroindustry development. Acquisition of expertjudgement had been done by intensive interview and FGD to seven expertin Bogor in February 2007. The analysis showed that raw material ofcashew supply is the most important determinant factor in developingcashew agroindustry. Performance of this factor is depend on theperformance of farmers in managing their farming. This condition putfarmers as the most important actor in developing cashew agroindustry.The performance of the farmers depends on how the scenario can fulfillthe objectives of the farmers. From three scenarios judged, cashewagroindustry based on home industry in cashew central productionregencies is the best scenario that can fulfil all objectives of the farmer.Policies should be taken in developing cashew agroindustry using thisscenario are: building clusters of the cashew industry in cashew centralproduction regencies, Increasing farmers income from their farming byintroducing good farming systems, intercropping, product diversificationof cashew and increasing cashew nut export to importer countries such asAustralia, Japan, Uni Emirate Arab and Saudi Arabia.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, AHP, agroindustry, cluste
KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI
Get PDFABSTRAKDi Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak bijiABSTRACTMorphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, SukabumiPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year.Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation analysis, vegetative characters, generativecharacters, seed yield, oil conten
KERAGAAN TANAMAN KAKAO ASAL EMBRIO SOMATIK DI LAPANGAN
No full textABSTRAKSekitar 75 juta bibit kakao asal embrio somatik (ES) telah ditanam di lapangan. Evaluasi keragaan tanaman tersebut perlu terus dilakukan. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan tanaman kakao asal ES di lapangan telah dilaksanakan di delapan lokasi di Kabupaten Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan dan kabupaten Mamuju (Sulawesi Barat) pada bulan Juni 2012 sampai Desember 2013. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tanaman umur 1,5-4 tahun meliputi tinggi jorget, lingkar batang, jumlah cabang primer, persentase tanaman berbunga, persentase tanaman berbuah, jumlah buah per pohon, jumlah biji per buah, bobot kering biji serta kejadian serangan hama dan penyakit. Tanaman kakao asal ES memiliki arsitektur seperti tanaman yang berasal dari biji, yaitu memiliki pertumbuhan dimorfik dan membentuk jorget. Rataan tinggi jorget bervariasi antar lokasi, sebagian besar berkisar 100 -150 cm. Di lapangan ditemukan tanaman asal ES dengan tinggi jorget > 2 m. Perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut apakah tinggi jorget > 2 m merupakan bentuk penyimpangan atau hanya pengaruh faktor lingkungan. Pada saat dilakukan pengamatan, tanaman kakao asal ES yang dievaluasi sudah berbunga dan berbuah dengan persentase berbunga 34-100%, berbuah 16-100%, dan dengan hasil buah per pohon 6-37 buah. Bobot buah yang dipanen berkisar 277-418 g dengan rataan jumlah biji per buah 43 biji dan bobot kering per biji 0.5 -1.4 g. Kejadian serangan penggerek buah di 3 lokasi pengamatan mencapai 82, 34.8 dan 49.6%, sedangkan busuk buah 2, 4.3 dan 18%. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa tanaman kakao asal ES mempunyai karakteristik tanaman dan hasil yang tidak berbeda dengan tanaman kakao asal bibit tradisional yang telah biasa digunakan petani.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., bibit ES, perbanyakan masal, pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil, variasi somaklonal Field Performance of Cacao Somatic Embryos Derived PlantsABSTRACTApproximately 75 millions of cacao seedlings propagated through somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been planted in the field. Evaluation of the performance of those SE derived plants needs to be continued. The research aimed to evaluate the performance of the cacao SE derived plants in the field have been implemented in 8 locations in Soppeng district, South Sulawesi and the Mamuju district, West Sulawesi in June 2012 and December 2013. Collected data include: jorquette height, trunk circumference, jorquette branch numbers, flowering and fruiting tree percentages, fruit numbers per tree, pod weight, bean number per pod, bean dry weight and the disease and pest infection rates. Cacao plants derived from SE showed similar plant architectures to those of seed derived ones, such as having dimorphic growth and forming jorquette. The jorquette height of the majority of cacao trees in the evaluated regionsranged from 100-150 cm. A few SE derived cacao trees show jorquette height > 2 m. However, it needs further studies to determine whether they indicate either abnormality or environment effects. The SE derived cacao trees in the studied locations has bear flowers and fruits. The percentages of cacao trees with flowers or fruits at the age of 2.5 years ranged from 34-100% or 16-100%, respectively. The observed pods number per tree was 6-37 pods, the pod weight was 277-418 g, the beans number per pod was 42-43 and the bean dry weight was 0.5 -1.4 g. The incidences of fruit borer infection at the three evaluated locations were 82, 34.8 dan 49.6%, while the incidences of black pod infection were 2, 4.3 dan 18%. To conclude whether the SE derived cacao trees are comparable to those of the traditional cacao planting materials requires more comprehensive studies.Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., SE derived seedling, mass propagation, growth and yield components, somaclonal variatio
PENGARUH PENYAKIT KRUPUK TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU DELAPAN VARIETAS TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA
No full textThe effect of tobacco curl disease on the yield and quality of eight Virginia tobacco varietiesTobacco leaf curl disease is one of the important diseases on Virginia tobacco which especially occurs in dry condition. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most effective way to control the disease. This experiment was lo evaluate the effect of tobacco curl disease on tobacco varieties (DB 101, Coker 319, Coker 176, Coker 48, Coker 86, and Coker 371 Gold) and two promising lines (T.45/T.65 and T.45/T.69). The experiment was conducted in Pekuwon, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from April to October 1997. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The tobacco seedlings wee transplanted in 0.9 m x 0.6 m spacing and 9.0 m x 9.0 m plot size. The fertilizer dosage applied are 300 kg ZA + 108 kg SP-36 + 156 kg ZK per ha The parameters observed including percentage of diseased plant, productive leaves, as well as the yield and quality of leaves. The esults showed that Coker 371 Gold variety showed the lowest disease percentage (6.89%), decrease in productive leaves was high (71.86%), Whereas the two promising lines, were T.45/T.6S and T.45/T.69 showed that the percentage of diseased plants wee not significantly different compared with DB 101, Coker 319, and Coker 48, but the decrease in productive leaves was lower. The yield of these promising lines were 10.12-10.30 kg/81 m!, grade indexes 86.04-87.27, and crop indexes are 88.31-88.63. Coker 176 was the most susceptible variety. The percentage of diseased plant, flue- cured yield, grade index, and crop index on Coker 176 wee 42.67%, 7.77 kg/81 m!, 86.09, and 66.89, respectively
PENGARUH ASAM FULVAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKTIVITAS, DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE
No full textFulvic acid is an extraction product of humus which is very potential for supplement fertilizer and able to reduce either inorganic or organic fertilizer application. The information about fulvic acid application as supplement fertilizer on ginger in Indonesia is still limited. The objective of the study was lo find oul the efect of fulvic acid as supplement fertilizer on the growth, productivity and quality of young ginger. A green house trial was conducted from July lo November 1996. Five levels of fulvic acid concentration, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were sprayed every week from 4 to 1 5 weeks ater planting (WAP). A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The results indicated that the growth of plant height and number of tiller of ginger increased rapidly al 8 WAP, then il became slowly from 12 lo 1 5 WAP Application 10% of fulvic acid was able to increase vegetative parts 99.6%, fresh and dry weight of rhizome 89 and 125% respectively, and starch content of rhizome 22.6%. To find oul of the optimal effect of fulvic acid on productivity and quality of ginger, a further research using higher level and application frequency of fulvic acid as an extract product from several humus types in Indonesia is needed
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN ADOPSI KAPAS TRANSGENIK DI SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textAdopsi Kapas transgenik yang diinlroduksi secara terbatas sejak tahun 2000 di tujuh kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan perlu dicvaluasi kebcrlanjutannya Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi peluang keberlanjutan petani dalam mengadopsi kapas transgenik di daerah introduksi yaitu tujuh kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kerangka penelitian yang digunakan adalah peluang keberlanjutan adopsi dipengaruhi oleh karaktcr subyek, karaktcr inovasi, dan lingkungan fisik dan sosial. Dengan kriteria sebaran dan luas kapas transgenik, pola sebaran curah hujan, dan waktu panen maka daerah yang terpilih adalah Kabupaten Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, dan Bulukumba, dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2002. Metode pengambilan contoh petani digunakan metode acak sederhana, karena homogenitas Icarakter yang diinginkan relatif tinggi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda yang pendugaannya dengan metode maximum likelihood. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lebih dai 50% petani berpeluang untuk bcrhenti mengadopsi. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan ketidakmampuan petani untuk menanggung resiko usahatani kapas transgenik yang tinggi, sedang pendapatan yang diharapkan kurang stabil. Selain itu adopsi berpeluang besar akan berlanjut di daerah yang iklimnya sesuai dan kompatible dengan musim dan pola tanam yang ada.Kata kunci: Kapas transgenic, adopsi, keberlanjutan, resiko usahatani, pendapatan ABSTRACTAnalysis of sustainability of transgenic cotton adoption in South SulawesiThe adoption of transgenic conon that has been introduced since 2000 in seven regencies of South Sulawesi need to be evaluated further. The objective of the study was to analyze factors which influenced the adoption of transgenic cotton by the farmers in the introduction area. The research frame used is sustainability of adoption depend on characteistics of subjects and innovation and physical and social environment. Citeia used to determine research area were distribution and coverage of transgenic conon farms, distibution pattern of rainfall, and time of harvest. The area chosen were Regency of Bantaeng, Takalar, Gowa, and Bulukumba. The sampling method used was simple random sampling, since the population was relatively homogen. The results of the analysis indicated that more than SO % of the farmers had a chance to stop adopting the transgenic conon. Il happened because the farmers were uncapablc to take the isk of transgenic coton farming which was very high, while the income rom this farming was not stable. However, the adoption of transgenic cotton is potential in the area where the climate is suitable and compatible with the seasons and existing farming system.Key words: Transgenic coton, adoption, sustainability, farm risk, incom