Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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UJI ADAPTASI NILAM KLON SIDIKALANG DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Get PDFABSTRAKKalimantan Tengah mempunyai potensi lahan kering seluas 7,7 jutahektar, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu upaya untukmemanfaatkan lahan tersebut adalah melaksanakan budidaya khususnyanilam. Produktivitas terna kering di tingkat petani masih rendah yaitu 1-1,5ton/ha/tahun. Produktivitas tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan denganmenggunakan varietas unggul, penanaman nilam pada daerah yang sesuai,dan pemberian pupuk. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Desa Keruing,Kecamatan Pundu, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur mulai bulan November2003 sampai dengan Oktober 2004. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 17meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl), jenis tanah ultisol dan tipe iklim B 1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi klon dan pemupukannilam yang sesuai di lahan kering Rancangan yang digunakan adalahrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuanterdiri dari 4 paket teknologi (klon dan pemupukan anorganik) yang terdiridari : A= Klon Aceh tanpa pupuk anorganik (Kontrol); B = Klon Acehdengan pupuk anorganik; C = Klon Sidikalang tanpa pupuk anorganik; danD = Klon Sidikalang dengan pupuk anorganik. Parameter yang diamatimeliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat terna segar, berat ternakering, produksi minyak dan mutu minyak. Analisis teknis agronomisuntuk mengevaluasi penerapan teknologi budidaya, mengguna-kanANOVA (Analysis of Variance) sedangkan untuk membandingkan antararata-rata pengamatan setiap variabel yang diuji menggunakan Uji BedaNyata Jujur (BNJ) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuanklon Sidikalang dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha) menghasilkan produksi minyak sebesar 127,97kg dengan kadar PA (Patchouli alkohol) 27,96%.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, lahan kering, klon, pupukanorganik, Kalimantan TengahABSTRACTAdaptation test of Sidikalang clone patchouli in dry landof Central KalimantanCentral Kalimantan has potential dry land which covers in area of7.7 million hectare, however it has not yet been optimally used. One effortfor making use of this area is by farming patchouli. The productivity of drybiomass in farmers level is very low 1 – 1.5 ton/ha/year. The productivitycan be increased by using superior variety planting on suitable land andfertilizer application. A field trial was conducted at the Keruing Village,Pundu District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, from November 2003 toOctober 2004. The location altitude was 17 meter above sea level, soil typeultisols and climate type B 1 according to Oldeman classification. Theobjective of the research was to find out the best variety and dosage offertilizer in dry land. The research used a randomized block design, withfive replications. The treatments tested were four packages of technology(clone and inorganic fertilizer), comprised of A = Aceh clone withoutinorganic fertilizer (Control); B = Aceh clone with inorganic fertilizer, C =Sidikalang clone without inorganic fertilizer, and D = Sidikalang clonewith inorganic fertilizer. According to that circumstance conducted thevarious studies as follows : plant growth, number of branch, fresh herbs,dry herbs, oil yield and Patchouli Alcohol content (PA). For evaluating theagronomical characteristic used ANOVA and Honestly SignificantDifferent (BNJ) 5%. The result showed that combination Sidikalang cloneand inorganic fertilizer (240 kg urea + 70 kg SP-36 kg + 140 kg KCl/ha)produced as much as 127.97 kg oil with Patchouli alcohol (PA) content27.96%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin BENTH, dry land, clone, inorganicfertilizer, Central Kalimanta
ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHA TANI TEBU DI JAWA TIMUR
Get PDFABSTRAKUpaya pengembangan usaha tani tebu masih terkendala bukanhanya oleh ketersediaan lahan namun juga oleh aspek teknis budidayausaha tani (penggunaan bibit unggul, pemupukan, aspek kelembagaan,dan sebagainya). Selain melalui fasilitasi perluasan lahan, strategipengembangan tebu harus disertai dengan upaya peningkatanproduktivitas, yaitu melalui peningkatan efisiensi usaha tani tebu, ataudengan kata lain bagaimana meningkatkan output maksimum melaluipengelolaan sumberdaya serta teknologi yang ada. Tujuan penelitianadalah untuk menganalisis efisiensi usaha tani tebu dan menentukanfaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi usaha tani tebu. Data yangdigunakan adalah data survei PATANAS (Panel Petani Nasional) olehPusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian di Kabupaten Malangdan Lumajang, Jawa Timur tahun 2009. Jumlah contoh sebanyak 132rumah tangga yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis menggunakan stochasticfrontier production function approach dengan fungsi produksi StochasticFrontier Cobb Douglas yang diolah menggunakan program Frontier 4.1.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai indeks efisiensi teknis dikategorikanbelum efisien dengan rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 0,672. Variabel akseslahan oleh petani merupakan faktor yang paling penting dan responsifdalam mempengaruhi produksi tebu. Kebijakan pengembangan usahatani tebu untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usaha tani adalah melaluipeningkatan akses lahan, kualitas bibit yang dipakai, dan ketersediaansarana produksi.Kata kunci : efisiensi teknis, usaha tani tebu, stochastic frontierproduction functionABSTRACTImproving sugar cane farming is still constrained by not only landavailability but also technical aspects such as quality of seed, fertilization,institution, etc., so that development strategy to improve sugar canefarming should be conducted by facilitating extensification andincreasing productivity and technical efficiency, or in other wordincreasing maximum output through resource management andtechnology. The aim of this study was to analyze technical efficieny ofsugar cane farming and to identify determinant factors influencing theefficieny of sugar cane farming. This study used PATANAS data surveywhich was conducted by Indonesian Center for Agriculture SocioEconomic and Policy Study (ICASEPS) in Malang and LumajangRegency, East Java Province in the years of 2009. The 132 samplies ofsugarcane household were chosen randomly in the year 2009. Data wereanalysed using stochastic frontier production function approach withStochastic Frontier Cobb Douglas using frontier 4.1. programme. Theresult of this study showed that sugar cane farming in East Java wastechnically not efficient with the index value of 0.672. Among variablesthat significantly influenced sugarcane production, land access byfarmers was an essential factor to improve production. Policy implicationfor developing sugar cane farming to improve technical efficiency is byincreasing land access, quality of seed, and production factor availability.Key words : technical efficiency, sugarcane farming, stochasticfrontier production functio
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP
No full textABSTRAKLuas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala karena biaya sangat mahal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan terdiri dari 25 pohon sawit muda dan 25 tua. Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga; tanaman sawit tua adalah produksi tandan buah sawit; sedangkan tanaman sela adalah produksi jagung dan kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.Kata kunci: Elaeis gueneensis, model peremajaan, tebang bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting PatternABSTRACTThe total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient. The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1st year, 20% in 2nd year, and 60% in 3rd year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.Keywords:Elaeis guineensis, replanting pattern, gradually cutting,growth, farmin
GALUR HARAPAN KENAF ADAPTIF DI LAHAN BONOROWO, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
No full textPromising kenaf lines adaptive to flooded area in Lanongan districtThe objective of the trial was lo ind out the most adaptive kenaf lines for flooded area in Lanongan district with a productivity of at least 20% higher than the best control varieties. The trial was conducted at Mojoasem viliage, Larcn sub-district, Lanongan. The trial was designed as a randomized block in 3 replications. Twenty kenaf genotypes consisting of 17 kenaf new lines and 3 control varieties were tested in this experiment. Plot size and plant spacing used was 2 m x 10 m and 20 cm x 15 cm, respectively. The seeds were sown in September 1999. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, frish weight and dry ibre weight. The results showed that lines He 85-9-73 , He 85-9-75. and He 583 were the most promising lines for flooded areas Lanongan with the productivity of 3.4, 3.1, and 3.0 tons dry ibre per ha
ROOT TRAINER MEDIA CONTAINING COCOPEAT AND PEAT TO SUPPORT GROWTH AND QUALITY OF RUBBER ROOTSTOCK ROOTS
Get PDFThe physical and chemical properties of the growing medium for root trainer of rubber are critical to support plant growth. This study aimed to obtain the best medium for growing rootstock rubber seedlings in the root trainer. Rubber clone PR 300 seeds were germinated for 21 days, then raised in root trainer pots for five months. The treatments evaluated were a mixture of cocopeat, Rawapening peat, and manure at different ratios. The experiment was designed in a Randomized Block Design, three replications, 30 plants per replicate, totaling 720 plants. The observed variables were N, P, K, Mg, C-organic content, pH, and cation exchange capacity of cocopeat, peat, and manure, as well as plant growth (height, stem diameter, wet weight, and dry weight). ANOVA used for analyzing data, followed with the Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The results showed that there were three best root trainer media for PR 300 rubber rootstock seedlings were a mixture of cocopeat + peat (1:1), cocopeat + peat + manure (1:2:1), and cocopeat + peat + manure (2:1:1). The growth and compactness of the roots are outstanding, so the seedlings are easily removed from the root trainer pots without significant damage. Based on the initiation and cost, the best root trainer medium is a mixture of cocopeat + peat + manure (1: 2:1). It is necessary to study the use of other types of peat soils apart from Rawapening. Also, it needs to be observed further plant growth after inoculation with the stem and after planting in the field.Keywords : Planting medium, Rawapening peat, rubber clone PR 300
POLA PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN HARA N, P, K TANAMAN BANGLE (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.)
Get PDFABSTRAKKomoditas bangle belum banyak diteliti termasuk masalahteknologi budidayanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari polapertumbuhan dan serapan hara N, P dan K sebagai petunjuk untukpengelolaan kebutuhan hara khususnya N, P, dan K pada budidaya bangle.Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan petani di Bogor pada bulan Mei 2001sampai Maret 2002. Jenis tanah Latosol dengan ketinggian tempat 250 mdi atas permukaan laut (dpl). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalahaksesi unggulan diperoleh dari Jawa Tengah. Pupuk dasar yang digunakanadalah urea 250 kg/ha, SP36 250 kg/ha dan KCl 250 kg/ha serta 20 ton/hapupuk kandang. Ukuran petak 6 x 1,5 m, jarak tanam 50 x 40 cm.Pengamatan pola pertumbuhan dan serapan hara dilakukan pada beberapatingkat umur panen (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, dan 10 bulan setelah tanam).Setiap pengamatan terdiri atas 6 contoh tanaman. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, jumlah anakan,jumlah daun, jumlah akar, bobot kering tanaman) semakin meningkatdengan bertambahnya umur tanaman. Produksi minyak atsiri bangle padaumur 10 bulan setelah tanam mencapai 12.10 ml per tanaman. Untukmenghasilkan biomas sebanyak 701,0 g per tanaman dengan hasilsimplisia kering 417,97 g per tanaman, diperlukan serapan hara sebanyak8,48 g N, 1,72 g P, dan 4,02 g K per tanaman. Hara N, P dan Kterakumulasi lebih besar pada rimpang dibandingkan dengan tajuk danakar.Kata kunci : Bangle, Zingiber purpureum Roxb, pola pertumbuhan, lajupertumbuhan, hara tanamanABSTRACTGrowth pattern and nutrient uptake of N, P and K onpurple ginger (Zingiber purpureum Roxb)One of the problems in cultivation of purple ginger (Zingiberpurpureum Roxb) is limited cultivation technology. Therefore, the studyon its growth pattern and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K is very importantto support its cultivation technology. The objective of the research was tofind out data of growth pattern, growth rate, nutrient uptake, and simplisiaquality. Field trial was conducted in farmers land in Bogor from May 2001to March 2002. The soil is latosol and the altitude is 250 m asl. Plot sizewas 6 x 1,5m, and plant spacing was 50 x 40 cm. Observation on thegrowth pattern and nutrient uptake were carried out at different ages of : 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 months after planting. Six samples were taken atevery growth stage of the plant. The results showed that the growth rateand the nutrient uptake of N, P, and K linearly increased, in line with theincrease of plant ages. Yield of essential oil at 10 MAP was 12.10 ml/plant. The amount of dry weight accumulation was 701.0 g/plant, to produce417.97 g simplisia/plant needed nutrient uptake of N, P and K, respectivelywas 8.48, 1.72 and 4.02 g/plant.Key words : Purple ginger, Zingiber purpureum Roxb, growth pattern,growth rate, plant nutrien
DAMPAK EKONOMI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN KELAPA TERPADU DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Get PDFABSTRAKAkselerasi adopsi teknologi pengelolaan kelapa terpadu merupakankegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat diseminasi teknologi danmengevaluasi model yang telah dikembangkan oleh Balitka di DesaKaleosan, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara pada tahun 2004-2006.Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan dilaksanakan padabulan November 2006. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristikpetani, tingkat penerapan teknologi, serta usahatani. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi (1) tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi anjuran, (2) dampak teknologi terhadap pendapatan petani, dan(3) keberlanjutan organisasi kelompok tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tingkat adopsi dan difusi teknologi pembibitan kelapa dan tanamansela jagung direspon cukup baik, dengan kisaran tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi sebesar 57,33-70,33. Kegiatan integrasi kelapa dengan ternakbabi serta pengolahan VCO tidak terjadi proses difusi, walaupun tingkatadopsi pada kelompok tani cukup tinggi dengan kisaran 60,00 – 85,33.Dampak ekonomi dari penerapan teknologi anjuran tanaman sela danpengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas kelapa menunjukkan dampak yangpositif, dengan nilai kelayakan finansial BCR dan MBCR >1. Dampakkeberlanjutan organisasi kedua kelompok tani berada pada kelompokberkembang.Kata kunci : Kelapa, sistem usahatani, adopsi teknologi, percepatanABSTRACTAcceleration of management technology adoption ofintegrated coconut in North Minahasa regionIntegrated coconut management technology is a disseminationmodel to accelerate technology adoption in Kaleosan Village, NorthMinahasa in year 2004 – 2006. The research used survey method and wasconducted in November 2006. The data collected included farmers’characteristic, level of technology implementation, and farming systemanalysis. The purpose of this research was to gather information about (1)adoption and diffusion level of recommended technology, (2) impact oftechnology toward farmers’ income, (3) and the continuation of farmers’organization. The research result showed that the adoption stage ofcoconut seedling technology and corn intercropping was responded fairlywith the adoption stage and technologi diffusion of 57.33 – 70.33. Thediffusion process did not happen in the activity of coconut integration withpig cattle and VCO processing, eventhough the adoption stage of farmersgroup was relatively high, about 60.00 – 85.33. Economic impact ofrecommended intercropping technology application and the effect oncoconut productivity showed a positive result, with the BCR and MBCRvalues of > 1. The continuity of both farmers groups has been still indeveloping level.Key words : Coconut, farming system, technology adoption, integratio
EVALUASI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.) TERHADAP HAMA Helopeltis antonii SIGN. (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)
No full textPenelitian evaluasi ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap hama Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITTRO) Bogor, mulai bulan April sampai Desember 2004, bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan beberapa aksesi jambu mete terhadap H antonii. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas sembilan aksesi jambu mete, yaitu (1) Balakrisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (III/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojoketo (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), dan (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). Penelitian terdiri atas (a) preferensi tanpa pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 5 kali, dan (b) preferensi dengan pilihan, disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jambu mete aksesi Mojokerto (XIII-8) dan Balakrisnan (B-02) merupakan aksesi jambu mete tahan dan toleran terhadap hama //. antonii.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, ketahanan, hama, Helopeltis antonii ABSTRACT The evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale I,.) to Helopeltis Antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae)The research on the evaluation of resistances of some cashew lines (Anacardium occidentale L.) to Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) was conducted in the Pest and Diseases Laboratory and Green House Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute Bogor, from April to December 2004, to test the resistances of some cashew lines to H. antonii. The treatment consisted of nine cashew lines that is, (1) Balakisnan (B-02), (2) Madura (L3-3), (3) Jatiroto Jambon (I1I/4-5), (4) Gunung Gangsir 180, (5) Madura (M4-2), (6) Jogya Putih (XII/8), (7) Mojokerto (XIII/8), (8) Tegineneng (A3-2), and (9) Wonogiri (C6-5). The research consisted of, (a) preferences without choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 5 times, and (b) preferences with choice, compiled in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. The result indicated that cashew lines of Mojoketo (XIII-8) and Balakrisnan (B-02) were resistant and tolerant to H. antonii.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., resistance, pest. Helopeltis antoni
PENGARUH ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH DAN PUPUK PELENGKAP CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI RAMI DI WONOSOBO
No full textTanaman rami (Boehmeria nivea) dipanen setiap dua bulan, sehingga hara yang tcrangkut melalui panen cukup besar. Untuk itu dilakukan percobaan pembeian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) dan pupuk pelengkap cair (PPC) yang dimulai pada bulan April 2001. Ixikasi percobaan di Desa Sedayu, Sapuran, Kab. Wonosobo pada jenis tanah latosol coklat dan tipe iklim Bl Tujuan penelitian untuk mengctahui/mempelajai pengaruh /.PT dan PPC serta kombinasinya dalam memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif klon Pujon 10 dan Jawa Timur. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan Perlakuan petak utama terdiri atas macam klon rami. yaitu Pujon 10 dan Jawa Timur, sedangkan anak petak berupa pembeian ZPT, PPC. dan ZPT ' PPC tcrdii atas scmbilan macam yang meliputi : (1) 60 N + 20 P,Oj * 60 KjO ' 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi, (2) 60 N • 20 P20, • 60 KjO - 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • ZPT 1 (kons 1 ml/1), (3) 60 N • 20 PjO, + 60 K20 > 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • ZPT 2 (0 5 ml/I); (4) 60 N * 20 P20, ♦ 60 KjO ♦ 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi * PPC 1 (3 g/l); (5) 60 N • 20 P20, - 60 K20 t 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi • PPC 2 (0.65 gl); (6) 60 N < 20 P205 + 60 K20 + 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi ♦ ZPT 1 + PPC I, (7) 60 N + 20 P2Os + 60 K20 r 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi t ZPT1 + PPC 2, (8) 60 N - 20 P2O5 * 60 KjO 1 10 ion pupuk kandang sapi + ZPT 2 + PPC 1 dan, (9) 60 N + 20 P2Oj + 60 K20 t 10 ton pupuk kandang sapi + ZPT 2 l- PPC 2. Ukuran petak 3 6 m x 6 m, jarak tanam 60 cm x 40 cm. Hap lubang ditanam satu stck rhi/.om panjang 8 cm Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pembeian ZPT 1 * PPC 2 dan ZPT 2 * PPC 2 dengan pemupukan NPK melalui lanah dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan hasil serat dibanding dengan pemupukan melalui tanah saja. Peningkatan hasil serat panen II • III masing-masing mencapai 58% (dari 565 2 kg/ha tanpa ZPT - PPC menjadi 895.0 kg/ha) dan 61% (dai 565.2 kg/ha tanpa ZPT + PPC menjadi 908.5 kg/ha). Potensi hasil klon Pujon 10 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan klon Jawa Timur.Kata kunci : Boehmeria nivea, ZPT, PPC, pupuk kandang ABSTRACT Effect of growth regulators and liquid fertilizers on the growth and yield of ramie in WonosoboCrop removal of ramie plant it very high because it is harvested every 60 days A ield experiment was carried out at Sedayu, Sapuran, Wonosobo since April 2001. Ihe type of soil and climate was brown latosol and Bl respectively. The objective of the expeiment was to study effect of plant regulators, liquid fertilizers (PPC), and its combinations on accelarating vegetative growth on two clones of ramie. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replicatins The main plots were two clones of ramie (Pujon 10 and Jawa Timur) and the sub plots were nine treatments consist of plant regulators, liquid fertilizer, and its combination were tried as sub treatment (I) 60 N > 20 P2Oj » 60 K20 + 10 tons manure of cow waste; (2) 60 N * 20 P2Os * 60 K20 I 10 tons manure of cow + ZPT I (kons I ml/1); (3) 60 N « 20 P2Os • 60 KjO * 10 tons manure of cow + ZPT 2 (0.5 ml/1); (4) 60 N + 20 P2Os * 60 KjO I 10 ions manure of cow + PPC 1 (3 g/l); (5) 60 N + 20 P20, + 60 K20 + 10 ions manure of cow < PPC 2 (0 65 g/l); (6) 60 N > 20 P2Oj I 60 K20 * 10 tons manure of cow • ZPT 1 1 PPC I. (7) 60 N * 20 PjO, ♦ 60 KjO + 10 Ions manure of cow ♦ ZPT I * PPC 2, (8) 60 N ♦ 20 P20, ► 60 K20 + 10 tons manure of cow ♦ ZPT 2 • PPC I, and, (9) 60 N ♦ 20 P2Os i 60 K20 ♦ 10 tons manure of cow ♦ ZPT 2 + PPC 2. The plot size was 3.6 m x 6 m, wih 60 cm x 40 cm of plant spacing, and one rhizome of 8 cm length per hole. Results showed that aplication of ZPT I ♦ PPC 2 and ZPT 2 t PPC 2 with NPK fertilizers increase vegetatif growth and yield of iber. The total harvest II t III increased by 58% and 61% respectively. Potential yield of Pujon 10 was higher than Jawa Timur.Key words : Boehmeria nivea, growth regulators, liquid fertilizer, cow manur
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON DAN PATOGENISITASNYA PADA Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER DAN Spodoptera litura F.
Get PDFABSTRAKNomuraea rileyi adalah salah satu jamur entomopatogen yangpotensial mengendalikan hama Helicoverpa armigera dan Spodopteralitura pada tanaman kapas, tembakau, dan jarak kepyar. Di lapanganpernah ditemukan larva hama H. armigera dan S. litura yang terinfeksisecara alami oleh N. rileyi yang mengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyiberpotensi sebagai agens hayati. Sebelum N. rileyi dikembangkan sebagaiagens hayati, maka perlu diketahui metode perbanyakannya pada mediabuatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi media tumbuhyang sesuai untuk perbanyakan N. rileyi dan pengujian patogenisitasnyaterhadap H. armigera dan S. litura. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumFitopatologi dan Laboratorium Patogen Serangga Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang mulai bulan Mei sampai denganNovember 2009. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 pengujian, yaitu pengujiankarakter biologi N. rileyi dan patogenisitas pada ulat H. armigera dan S.litura. Dalam pengujian karakter biologi jamur diuji 4 macam mediaperbanyakan, yaitu: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast (SMAY),(2) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak beras (SMAYB), (3)Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak kentang (SMAYK), dan(4) Media lengkap untuk N. rileyi (MLNr), serta 2 tingkat suhu inkubasi,yaitu 23±1 dan 27±1ºC. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) dengan lima kali ulangan. Setiap media disiapkan di dalam 10cawan petri per perlakuan dan masing-masing diinokulasi dengan 10 5konidia/ml. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan jamur danproduksi konidia. Sedangkan dalam pengujian patogenisitas konidia N.rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera dan S. litura dilakukan dengan metodepelumuran (painting), yaitu ulat diletakkan di atas konidia di dalam cawanpetri selama ± 10 detik kemudian dipindahkan ke vial-vial plastikberdiameter 2,5 cm berisi pakan daun kapas muda (± 1 cm 2 ) untuk H.armigera dan daun jarak kepyar untuk S. litura. Apabila pakan daun telahhabis, serangga diberi pakan buatan berbahan dasar tepung kedelai. Pakanbuatan diganti setiap 2 hari sampai ulat menjadi pupa. Selanjutnya ulatyang telah diperlakukan dengan jamur diinkubasi-kan pada suhu ruang(27°-29°C) selama ± 14 hari dan diamati perkembangan ulat maupunjamurnya setiap hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas ulat H.armigera dan S. litura serta gejala mikosis pada ulat terinfeksi. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh terhadap lajupertumbuhan N. rileyi. Pada suhu 23±1ºC N. rileyi tumbuh lebih cepat(7,42-8,23 mm/hari) pada semua komposisi media yang diuji (SMAY,SMAYK, SMAYB, dan MLNr) dibanding pada suhu 27±1ºC (0,99-1,26mm/hari). Produksi konidia N. rileyi lebih banyak pada suhu 27±1ºCdibanding pada 23 ± 1ºC, yaitu berturut-turut 24,7 x 10 8 konidia/ml dan17,9 x 10 8 konidia/ml masing-masing pada media SMAYK dan MLNr.Perbedaan komposisi media tumbuh tidak menyebabkan penurunanpatogenisitas pada konidia N. rileyi sebab mortalitas ulat H. armigeramaupun S. litura masing-masing mencapai 100%. Hasil penelitianmengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyi mudah diperbanyak secara massal padamedium agar dan virulensinya baik pada H. armigera dan S. litura.Kata kunci : Nomuraea rileyi, epizootik, Helicoverpa armigera,Spodoptera litura, konidia, patogenisitas, mortalitasABSTRACTEffect of medium composition on growth of entomo-pathogenic fungi Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson andits pathogenicity against Helicoverpa armigera andSpodoptera lituraN. rileyi is one of potential entomopathogenic fungi to controlcotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, tobacco and Rhicinus caterpilar,Spodoptera litura. These fungi naturally infect those insect pests indicatingtheir potential to be used as natural control agent. Techniques of in vitroproduction of these fungi need to be developed to find out their potentialagainst the insect target. Study on effect of medium composition ongrowth of entomopathogenic fungi N. rileyi and its pathogenicity againstH. armigera and S. litura was carried out at Phytopathology and InsectPathology Laboratories of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI) from May to November 2009. The objective of thestudy was to find out the suitable composition of medium for N. rileyi andits pathogenicity against H. armigera and S. litura. The study consisted oftwo tests. The first test was testing for biological characters, namely invitro growth rate and conidia production of N. rileyi on four differentcompositions of medium as followed: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeastextract (SMAY), (2) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + rice extract(SMAYR), (3) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + potato extract(SMAYP), and (4) Completed medium for N. rileyi (MLNr). Alltreatments were designed in randomized complete design (RCD) with fivereplicates. Parameters observed were the growth rate of N. rileyi andconidia production. The second was testing on pathogenicity of N. rileyiproduced from all medium tested against H. armigera and S. litura larvae.Result showed that incubation temperature influenced the growth rate offungi. N. rileyi grew faster at 23±1ºC (7.42-8.23 mm/day) than that at27±1ºC (0.99-1.26 mm/day) on all media tested. Conidia production washigher at 27±1ºC than at 23±1ºC. Both SMAYP and MLNr were the bestmedia for producing N. rileyi conidia, which were 24.7 and 17.9 x 10 8conidia/ml, respectively. Pathogenicity of N. rileyi against H. armigeraand S. litura was not affected by composition of medium tested becausethe larval mortality of both insect pests was 100%. This study indicatedthat N. rileyi can be easily produced massively on agar media and it isvirulent against H. armigera and S. litura.Key words : Nomuraea rileyi, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura,conidia, in vitro, pathogenicity, mortality, epizooti