Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PENGARUH BATANG ATAS DAN BAWAH TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Get PDFABSTRAKRata-rata produksi jambu mete Indonesia masih rendah (350 kggelondong/ha/tahun), dibandingkan dengan India dan Brazil (800 – 1000kg gelondong/ha/tahun). Hal itu antara lain disebabkan oleh teknikbudidaya yang masih tradisional, rendahnya mutu bibit, dan kurang ter-sedianya pohon induk sebagai sumber benih. Berdasarkan permasalahantersebut, telah dilakukan percobaan penyambungan 1 varietas dan 3 nomorharapan jambu mete. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan bibit hasilsambungan bermutu tinggi, sebagai dasar pendirian kebun benih jambumete. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Jawa Tengah,bulan Januari - Desember tahun 2001. Percobaan disusun dalam rancanganpetak terbagi (RPT) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 4 jenis batangatas yaitu: Gunung Gangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo 1 danMuktiharjo 2. Anak petak adalah empat jenis batang bawah yaitu: GunungGangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo 1 dan Muktiharjo 2. Parameteryang diamati adalah keberhasilan penyambungan pada fase pembibitan,data pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameterkanopi, jumlah cabang primer, sekunder dan tersier). Hasil percobaanmenunjukkan bahwa penyambungan batang bawah Muktiharjo 1 denganbatang atas Muktiharjo 1 dan Muktiharjo 2, menghasilkan persentasekeberhasilan penyambungan tertinggi (50%). Penyambungan denganGunung Gangsir 1 sebagai batang bawah dan Muktiharjo 1 danMuktiharjo 2 sebagai batang atas, keberhasilan penyambungannya palingrendah (38,89%). Tidak ada interaksi antara batang atas dan batangbawah terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Batang atas berpengaruh nyataterhadap jumlah daun, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman,diameter batang, dan lebar kanopi. Penyambungan Gunung Gangsir 1 danMuktiharjo 2 sebagai batang atas, menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanamanyang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan batang atas Gunung Gangsir 2 danMuktiharjo 1. Penyambungan Gunung Gangsir 1, Gunung Gangsir 2, danMuktiharjo 1 sebagai batang bawah menghasilkan diameter batang dantinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan Muktiharjo 2. Setelah tanamanmencapai umur 3 tahun, batang atas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertum-buhan tanaman, sedangkan batang bawah memberikan pengaruh terhadappertumbuhan tanaman. Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh padatanaman dengan batang bawah Gunung Gangsir 1.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., klon, penyam-bungan, batang bawah, batang atas, pertumbuhan, JawaTengahABSTRACTEffect of scion and root stock on successful grafting ofcashew plantCashew nut production of Indonesia is lower (350 kg/ha/year)compared to India and Brazil (800 and 1000 kg/ha/year). There are manyfactors causing low production of cashew in Indonesia such as lowcultivation technology, poor quality of seedlings and insufficient of motherplants. The purpose of the research was to find out good quality seedlingsfrom grafting as a basic to establish cashew mother plants gardens. Theexperiment was conducted in Muktiharjo Experimental Garden, CentralJava, in 2001. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3replications. The main plot was 4 kinds of scions namely Gunung Gangsir1, Gunung Gangsir 2, Muktiharjo1 and Muktiharjo 2. The sub plot was 4kinds of root stocks the same as the scions. Variables observed weresuccessful grafting at nursery phase and plant growth such as height ofplants, diameter of trunk, diameter of canopy, and number of primer,secondary and tertiary branches. The results of experiment showed thatgrafting by using clone Muktiharjo 1 as root stock, and Muktiharjo 1 andMuktiharjo 2 as scions produced the highest percentage of successfulgrafting (50%). Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1 as root stock and,Muktiharjo 1 and Muktiharjo 2 as scions produced the lowest percentageof successful grafting (38.89%). There were no significant interactionsbetween root stock and scion on the growth of cashew plant. Scion hadsignificant effect on the number of leaves, but, it did not have significanteffect on the plant height, diameters of trunk and diameters of canopy.Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1 and Muktiharjo 2 as scions producedbetter plant growth compared to those of Gunung Gangsir 2 andMuktiharjo 1 as scions. Grafting by using Gunung Gangsir 1, GunungGangsir 2 and Muktiharjo 1 as root stocks produced diameter of trunk andheight of plants better than that of Muktiharjo 2 as rootstock. At 3 yearsold after planting, scions did not significantly affect the plant growthneither did their interaction. While rootstock significantly affected thegrowth of cashew plant. As a rootstock, Gunung Gangsir 1, produced thebest cashew plant growth compared to other clones.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L, clones, grafting,rootstock, scion, growth, Central Jav
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KALUS DAN KADAR TANNIN DARI DAUN JATI BELANDA (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFABSTRAKJati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) merupakan salah satu jenistanaman penghasil senyawa tannin yang berkhasiat sebagai obat untukobesitas. Tannin dapat diproduksi secara in vitro dan kadarnya dapatditingkatkan melalui kultur kalus. Komposisi media yang tepat sangatdiperlukan agar dihasilkan kalus dengan pertumbuhan cepat dan optimal.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh komposisi media terhadappertumbuhan kalus dan kadar tannin secara in vitro. Bahan tanaman yangdigunakan adalah daun muda yang berasal dari tanaman di rumah kaca danberumur dua tahun. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah Murashige danSkoog (MS) yang diperkaya dengan vitamin dari group B. Perlakuan yangdiuji adalah media dasar MS + 2,4-D (0,1; 0,3; 0,5 mg/l) secara tunggaldan kombinasinya dengan Benzyl Adenin/BA ( 0,1 dan 0,3 mg/l).Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan kalus yang meliputi diameter,struktur, warna kalus, bobot basah kalus, serta visual kalus selamapengkulturan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap polafaktorial dengan sepuluh ulangan. Analisis kandungan tannin dilakukandengan mengeringkan kalus in vitro dan sampel daun dari lapang danselanjutnya diekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapatinteraksi antara perlakuan 2,4-D 0,3 mg/l yang dikombinasikan denganBenzyl Adenin 0,1 mg/l terhadap ukuran diameter kalus terbesar yaitu28,7 mm, diameter kalus terbesar setelah sub kultur yaitu 31,9 mm, danberat basah kalus yaitu 5,02 g. Kandungan tannin pada semua perlakuankalus in vitro (3,72 – 4,27%) lebih tinggi dari pada tannin yang terdapatpada daun (2,24%).Kata kunci : Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk, jati belanda, induksi kalus,kandungan tannin, in vitroEffect of Medium Composition on Calli Growth andTannin Content from Leaves of West Indian Elm(Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) through in vitro CultureABSTRACTWest Indian Elm ( Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.) is one of potentialplant producing tannin which is useful for controlling obesity. Tannin canbe produced through in vitro and this compound could be increased bycalli culture. The medium composition for calli induction was necessary toproduce the optimal calli. The aim of this research was to obtain themedium composition for calli induction through in vitro. Young leaves ofWest Indian Elm from glass house were used as explants. Murashige andSkoog (MS) medium enriched with B vitamin group was used as basicmedium. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized designin factorial pattern with ten replications. For calli induction, variousconcentration of 2,4-D (0.1; 0.3; and 0.5 mg/l) and its combination withBenzyl Adenin of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/l were used as treatments. Parametersobserved were calli diameter, structure, colour, fresh weight andperformance during culture. Analysis of tannin was conducted by usingdried samples both (in vitro and leaves from glass house) and thenextracted. The result showed that there was interaction between 2,4-D 0.3mg/l and Benzyl Adenin 0.1 mg/l on calli diameter (28.7 mm), the biggestcalli diameter after sub culture (31.9 mm), and fresh calli weight (5.02 g)eight weeks after treatments. Tannin content obtained from all of the invitro treatments (3.72 – 4.27%) was higher than tannin from leaves(2.24%).Key words : Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk., West Indian Elm, calli induction,in vitro, tannin conten
PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN AIR PADA TIGA AKSESI SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees )TERHADAP MUTU DAN PRODUKSI SIMPLISIA
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian airterhadap tiga aksesi sambiloto untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutusimplisia. Dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balittro (Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik), Bogor, dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2006.Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terbagi, dengan ulangan tigakali. Petak utama adalah aksesi sambiloto (3 nomor) yaitu Cmg-1, Cmg 2,dan Blali-1, anak petak adalah pemberian air (5 perlakuan) yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6,dan 7 mm/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksiantara aksesi sambiloto dan tingkat pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhantanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang dan luas daun), kecuali padaproduksi berat segar 2 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan produksi beratkering pada 4 BST. Perlakuan Cmg-2 dikombinasi dengan pemberian air 5mm/hari menghasilkan berat segar dan kering tertinggi. Perlakuanpemberian air 3-7 mm/hari/tanaman dapat menghasilkan produksi danmutu simplisia yang dapat memenuhi standar Materia Medika Indonesia(MMI) berdasar kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar sarinya. Dengan demikiankebutuhan air sambiloto setara dengan palawija atau sayur-sayuran. MutuBlali-1 dan pada perlakuan pemberian air 3 mm/hari menunjukkan kadarsari larut alkohol tertinggi (22,28%) dan Cmg-2 pada perlakuan pemberianair 4 mm/hari menunjukkan kadar sari larut air paling tinggi (28,14%) dankadar andrografolid simplisia 1,78%.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, tingkatpemberian air, produksi, mutu simplisiaABSTRACTThe effects of water treatment on some numbers ofaccessions on the quality and production of the sympliciaof sambiloto, the king of bitter (Andrographis paniculataNees )The experiment was carried out to study the effect of watertreatment three accession of sambiloto, the king of bitter, to increase itsproductivity and symplicia. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute(IMACRI), Bogor, from June to December 2006. The experimentarranged in split plot design with three replications, The main factor wasthree accession number of sambiloto i.e. Cmg-1, Cmg-2, and Blali-1,whereas the sub factor was water treatments i.e. 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6mm, and 7 mm/day. The results showed that there was no interactionbetween the numbers of accessions and water treatment on the plantgrowth except for fresh weight production at 2 Month After Planting(MAP) and dry weight production at 4 MAP. Cmg-2 treatment combinedwith water treatment (5 mm/day) produced the highest fresh and dryweight. Water treatment of 3 - 7 mm/day produce the yield and quality thatmeet standard of the Materia Medika Indonesia (the material medical ofIndonesia) based on the water, ash, and gist contents. Therefore, waternecessity of sambiloto is evenly balanced with secondary crops orvegetables. The quality of Blali-1 on the water treatment of 3 mm/dayindicated the highest dissolved gist of alcohol (22.28%) meanwhile theCmg-2 on the water treatment of 4 mm/day showed the highest dissolvedgist of water (28.14%) and andrographolid content of symplicia is 1.78%.Key words : King of bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, watertreatment, yield, quality of symplici
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GA 3 PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA IMBIBISI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VIABILITAS BENIH PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)
Get PDFABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman herbatahunan dari famili Apiaceae, yang hidup secara endemik pada habitatdengan ketinggian 1.800 - 3.000 m dari muka laut, dan pada saat initergolong tanaman langka. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangantanaman ini adalah viabilitas benih saat masak fisiologis rendah (<25%).Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat konsentrasi GA 3 dan lama imbibisi yang tepat untukmeningkatkan viabilitas potensial dan vigor benih purwoceng. Percobaandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan November sampai denganDesember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertamaadalah enam taraf pemberian GA 3 , yaitu: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500ppm. Faktor kedua yang diuji dua taraf lama imbibisi benih yaitu: 24 dan48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemberian GA 3 400 ppmdengan lama imbibisi 48 jam dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah,potensi tumbuh maksimum, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan perkecambahanbenih purwoceng menjadi 1,5 - 2 kali dibandingkan tanpa pemberian GA 3.Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, benih, GA 3 , imbibisi, konsentrasiABSTRACTEffect of GA 3 Concentration and Imbibition Period onSeed Viability of PruatjanPimpinella pruatjan Molk. is an annual herbaceous plant andbelongs to the family of the Apiaceae. It lives in endemic with an altitudeof 1,800-3,000 m above sea level and has been currently classified as rareplant. One of the problems in the development of this crop is low in seedviability (<25%) when it is physiologically mature. Based on the problem,an experiment was conducted aiming to find out the level of GA 3concentration and imbibition period to increase seed viability and vigourof P. pruatjan. The experiment was conducted at Gunung PutriExperimental Station and Plant Physiology Laboratory of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI), fromNovember to December 2009. The experiment was arranged usingcompletely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors and three replicates.The first factor was level of GA 3 concentration : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and500 ppm. The second factor was seed imbibition period : 24 and 48 hours.Results of the experiment showed that: GA 3 400 ppm with imbibitionperiod of 48 hours improved seed germination, maximum growthpotential, vigor index, and rate of germination of purwoceng seed to 1.5- 2 times compared to without GA 3 treatment.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, seed , GA 3 , imbibition, concentratio
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP JUMLAH MATA TUNAS PADA BEBERAPA KLON KAPUK
No full textEffect of plant spacing on the number of buds of capok clonesThe experiment was conducted at Muktiharjo Experimental Farm. Pati from December 1991 to December 1993. The experiment was arranged factorially in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was plant spacing, i.e. 2 m x I m and 2 m x 2 m, while the sub plot was clones (source of buds), namely MH I. Mil II. logo B, (lanang 36 x Siam) x Congo, (Congo 2 x Lanang). (SS 29 x Congo), (Jepara x Congo 2), and (P. Gudang x Lanang) x Congo. Plot size was 20 m x 4 m The size of planting hole was 0 6 m x 0 6 m x 0.6 m. one plant per hole. Canle manure mixed with soil was applied at planting lime Results showed that capok with plant spacing of 2 m x I m produced higher number of active buds per ha ( 147 625 buds) than that with plant spacing of 2 m x 2 m (79 661 buds). However, ihe first plant spacing produced smaller diameter (34.47 mm) than the second one (42.53 mm) The highest number of active buds was produced by the clone SS 29 x C, i.e. 123 959.33 buds per ha or 33.33 buds per plan
PERANAN Synnematium sp. DALAM PENGENDALIAN Sanurus indecora JACOBI (HOMOPTERA: FLATIDAE)
Get PDFABSTRAKSanurus indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama yangmenyerang tanaman jambu mete di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. DiLombok Timur, hama ini diserang oleh cendawan Synnematium sp.Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui apakahcendawan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan S. indecora.Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Synnematium sp.dalam pengendalian S. indecora dilakukan di Desa Pohgading, KecamatanPringgabaya dan di Desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, KabupatenLombok Timur dari bulan Juni sampai September 2004. Penelitian terdiriatas dua kegiatan yaitu di tingkat pot (bibit) dan lapang. Penelitian ditingkat pot terdiri atas tiga kegiatan yaitu aplikasi cendawan terhadap telur,nimfa, imago pada bibit jambu mete (10 telur/ serangga/ bibit). Rancanganyang digunakan ialah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan diulangenam kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah telur atau seranggayang mati karena terserang Synnematium sp. mulai satu sampai tujuh harisetelah perlakuan. Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua macam faktor yaitupola tanam dan konsentrasi Synnematium sp. Parameter yang diamatiadalah populasi S. indecora, tingkat serangan, jumlah bunga hermaproditsebelum perlakuan dan jumlah buah yang berkembang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa cendawan Synnematium sp. yang diaplikasikan padanimfa S. indecora dan bibit menyebabkan kematian serangga tertinggimencapai 98,33%. Kematian serangga pada ketiga macam konsentrasiSynnematium sp. baik pada telur, nimfa dan imago tidak berbeda nyata.Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil yaitu 20 g/l atau setara dengankonsentrasi spora 1,64 x 10 8 sudah efektif menyebabkan kematian S.indecora. Penurunan populasi S. indecora oleh Synnematium sp. efektifdengan konsentrasi 20 g/l sebesar 24,14% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.Tingkat serangan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi serangga.Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., hama, Sanurusindecora, pengendalian hayati, Synnematium sp. NusaTenggara BaratABSTRACTThe role of Synnematium sp. in controling Sanurusindecora JACOBI (Homoptera : Flatidae)Sanurus indecora is one of major pests attacking cashew plants inWest Nusa Tenggara Province. In East Lombok, this insect pest wasattacked by fungi of Synnematium sp. Based on that, the experiment wasconducted to find out whether the fungi could be used to control S.indecora or not. The objective of the experiment was to examine the roleof Synnematium sp. in the controlling S. indecora. It was carried out inPohgading, Pringgabaya and Wanasaba, District of East Lombok fromJune to September 2004. The experiment consisted of two activitiesnamely polybag stage and field activities. Polybag stage activitiesconsisted of three activities namely application of Synnematium sp. oneggs, nymphs, adults on seedling (10 eggs/insect/seedling). Theexperiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with fourtreatments and six replications. Observation was conducted on the numberof dead eggs, nymphs and adults attacked by Synnematium sp. from one toseven days after treatment. While field activities used a randomized blockdesign arranged in a factorial with two factors i. e. plant pattern andconcentration of Synnematium sp. Parameters observed were population ofS. indecora, the degree of attack, the number of hermaphrodite flowersbefore application and the number of developed fruits. Research resultsshowed that Synnematium sp. sprayed to nymphs of S. indecora andseedling caused the highest mortality of S. indecora that reached 98.33%.Mortality of S. indecora on the three concentrations either on eggs,nymphs and direct application to adults was not significantly different. Inthis experiment, the smallest concentration i.e. 20 g/l or equivalent withconcentration of spore 1.64 x 10 8 was effective to cause the death of S.indecora. The decrease of S. indecora population by Synnematium sp. waseffective with concentration of 20g/l as many as 24,14% compared withcontrol. The degree of attack was positively correlated with population ofS. indecora.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., pest , Sanurus indecora,biological control, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Bara
BIOLOGI Ooencyrtus malayensis Ferr. PARASITOID TELUR Dasynus piperis China, PADA INANG ALTERNATIF Nezara viridula L.
No full textBiology of egg parasitoid ('Ooencyrtus malayensis Ferr.) ofpepper bug on alternate egg host (Nezara viridula L)Pepper bug (Dasynus piperis China) is an important pest of pepper. The pest widely spread in most pepper plantations of Indonesia. The level of the pest attack varied depended on crop cultivation treatment. Ooencyrtus malayensis is one of natural enemies which is able to control the population of pepper bug in plantation. The objective of this research was to study some aspects of the egg parasitoid biology by using eggs of Nezara viridula as the alternate host. This research was designed in a completely randomized block with four replicates. Dasynus piperis was collected from Bangka island and reared in Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC ). Nezara viridula was fed with cowpea bean. This reascarch was conducted from July 1998 to February 1999. Experiment was divided into seven steps such as oviposition. pre adult period, production of parasitoid per host egg. egg preference, infestation period effect of cold storage (4°C) and parasitoid population. Research results showed that there were 85.5 parasitoid produced during its life time. Pre adult period lasted from 12 to 16 days, alternate host produced 3 parasitoids. The parasitoid pefeed the host of 0-2 days old. The eggs could be stored for 25 days in a efrigenerator (4°C). The longer the infestation and the larger number of parsitoid infested the larger numbers of parasitoid produced
PEMANFAATAN BLOTONG DAN FOSFAT ALAM PADA TANAMAN ROSELA DI LAHAN PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING KALIMANTAN SELATAN
No full textHasil samping dari limbah pabrik gula diantaranya adalah blotong atau dikenal dengan scbulan "ilter press mud". Secara umum bentuk dari blotong berupa serpihan scrat-scrat tebu yang mempunyai komposisi humus, N-total, C/N, P2O5, K20, CaO dan MgO, cukup baik untuk dijadikan bahan pupuk organik. Blotong dapat memperbaiki isik tanah, khususnya meningkatkan kapasitas menahan air. menurunkan laju pencucian hara dan memperbaiki drainase tanah. Manfaat lain dari blotong dapat menetralisir pengaruh Al<u , sehingga ketersediaan P dalam tanah lebih tersedia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan dosis blotong dan pupuk fosfat alam yang sesuai pada tanaman rosela di lahan podsolik merah kuning Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di senlra pengembangan Intensiikasi Serat Karung Rakyat yaitu di daerah tranmigrasi Desa Sabuhur II, Kecamatan Jorong, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan dari bulan September 1998 sampai dengan bulan April 1999 Kctinggian lempal 50 m di atas permukaan air laut dengan tipe iklim B2 yaitu 2-3 bulan kering dan 7-9 bulan basah. Topografi dataran rendah dan tadah hujan. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktoial yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Sebagai faktor petama adalah blotong dengan dosis : 3, 4, dan S ton per hektar, sedang faktor kedua pupuk fosfat alam dengan dosis : 40: 60, 80, dan 100 kg P,Oj per hektar. Seluruh perlakuan terdiri dari 12 kombinasi blotong dan fosfat alam Ukuran petak yang digunakan 4 m x 6 m dengan jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm. Setiap lubang lanam bcrisi satu tanaman Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 5 ton blolong + 40 Pj05 per hektar ditambah dengan pupuk dasar 90 kg N * 60 kg K2O menghasilkan pertumbuhan linggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat brangkasan, berat kulil, hasil serat kering dan kckuatan serat rosela, masing-masing sebesar 336.35 cm; 14.73 mm; 536 kg/petak; 147 50 kg'petak; 2.775 ton per hektar dan 31 50 granvtex.Kala kunci: Rosela, blotong, fosfal alam, podsolik merah kuning, Kalimantan ABSTRACT The use ofilter press mud and rock phosphate on roselle cultivation in red yellow podsolic soil in South KalimantanThe waste of sugarcane factory was blotong or called "ilter press mud". As an organic fetilizer, blotong contains C, N-total, C/N, P2OJ, K2O, CaO and MgO. The filter press mud is believed to have the capacity in improving soil physic, especially water rclcntion, leaching ability and drain capacity. Orther advantage is that it is capable of netralizing the effect of exchangable Al, thus improving the soluble P in the soil. The improvement in soil physic due to the application of ilter press mud is expected to increase the crop yield The purpose of this experiment was to ind out the appropriate dose of iller press mud and rock phosphate on roselle cultivation in the red yellow podsolic soil in South Kalimantan The experiment was conducted in the central growing areas in red yellow podsolic soil al the Sabuhur II transmigration silc, Jorong Sub District, Tanah I-aut District, South Kalimantan Province from September 1998 to April 1999 Location attitude was 50 m above sea level and climate type was B2 with 7-9 wet months and less 2-3 dry months. The topography was low land with rain fed land The experiment was arranged factorially in a randomized block design with three replications. The irst factor was filter press mud with a rate of 3; 4 and 5 Ions per hectare While the second factor was rock phosphate with the rate of 40; 60; 80, and 100 kg P;0> per hectare. The treatments were 12 ertilizer combination of filler press mud Plating space was 20 cm x 20 cm and Ihe plot size was 4 m x 6 m with one plant per hole 'Die result showed that 5 tons filter press mud * 40 kg P2Oj rock phosphate per hectare and added with 90 kg N ^ 60 kg K2O gave the best performance The plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, bark weight, iber yield and iber strength were 336.35 cm; 14.73 mm; 536 kg/plot; 147.50 kg/plot; 2 775 tons per hectare and 31.50 gram/tex respectivelly.Key words : Roselle, ilter press mud, rock phosphate, red yellow podsolic, Kalimanta
KAJIAN USAHATANI AKAR WANGI RAKYAT BERWAWASAN KONSERVASI DI KABUPATEN GARUT
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian usahatani akar wangi (Vetiver zizanoides Stapt) dilakukandari bulan Nopember 2003 sampai Oktober 2004 di Kecamatan Samarang,Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Data aspek sosial ekonomi diambil dari 120petani akar wangi dan 22 pabrik penyuling akar wangi. Percobaanlapangan dilaksanakan lahan pada seluas 3 hektar. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 pola tanam dan 2ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah pola tanam petani, pola tanamintroduksi dan pola tanam konservasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah beratakar, kadar minyak, tingkat erosi, tingkat produktivitas dan kelayakanekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga pola yangditeliti ternyata pola konservasi mempunyai berat akar yang lebih tinggiyaitu 0,74 kg, sedangkan pola petani 0,60 kg dan pola introduksi 0,50 kg.Hasil analisis kadar minyak ketiga pola menunjukkan bahwa kadar minyakpola konservasi dan pola petani tidak berbeda nyata yaitu 2,60% dan2,25%, sedangkan pola introduksi hanya 1,25%. Dari kedua parameter diatas (berat akar dan kadar minyak) dapat disimpulkan bahwa polakonservasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pola lainnya. Tingkat erosiyang terjadi di pertanaman akar wangi adalah: (a) pola petani 26,20 ton/ha,(b) pola introduksi 19,40 ton/ha, dan (c) pola konservasi 17,80 ton/ha.Hasil pengukuran tingkat erosi ini diamati selama 6 (enam) bulan dankondisi di atas masuk kategori tingkat bahaya erosi (TBE), klasifikasisedang (30 sampai 60 ton/ha/tahun). Tingkat produktivitas yang dicapaidari ketiga pola usahatani tersebut yaitu (a) pola petani sebesar 16.000 kg/ha/tahun, (b) pola introduksi 15.000kg/ha/tahun, dan (c) pola konservasi18.000kg/ha/tahun. Dari ketiga pola tersebut yang tertinggi adalah polakonservasi, tetapi analisis kelayakan ekonomi pada ketiga pola adalah :Pola konservasi : B/C ratio 3,26, NPV Rp 7.852.000, dan IRR 18,75%;Pola introduksi : B/C ratio 2,03, NPV Rp 5.089.000, dan IRR 18,75%;Pola petani : B/C ratio 3,60, NPV Rp7.130.000, dan IRR 18,50%.Kata kunci : Akar wangi, Vetiver zizanoides Stapt, usahatani, konservasi,erosi, produksi, kadar minyak, Jawa BaratABSTRACTStudy on vetiver farming system in Garut DistrictThe study of Vetiver (Vetiver zizanoides Stapt) farming system wasconducted from November 2003 to October 2004 in Samarang, SubDistrict, Garut, West Java. The primary data were collected through theinterview of 120 vetiver farmers and 22 vetiver oil processors, and from 3hectars field trial. The study used a randomized block design with 3cropping patterns and two replications. Parameters observed were rootweight, oil content, erosion level, productivity level, and economicfeasibility. The research result indicated that conservation patternproduced the higher root weight, conservation pattern 0.74 kg, farmer0.60 kg and introduction pattern 0.50 kg. Result of oil analysis were the oilcontent of conservation and farmer patterns were not significantlydifferent, namely 2.60% and 2.25%, while the introduction pattern wasonly 1.25%. From the two parameters (root weight and oil content), it wasindicated that the conservation pattern was better. The erosion level onvetiver farms at farmer, introduction and conservation patterns were 26.20ton/ha, 19.40 ton/ha and 17.80 ton/ha, respectively. The erosion levelabove was classified as TBE, while moderate level (30 – 60 ton/ha/year).The productivity levels at farmer, introduction and conservation patternswere 16,000 kg/ha/year, 15,000 kg/ha/year and 18,000 kg/ha/year,respectively. It was clear that conservation pattern gave the highestproductivity, but the result of economic feasibility study showed :Conservation pattern : B/C ratio 3.26, NPV Rp. 7,852,000 and IRR18.75%; Introduction pattern : B/C ratio 2.03, NPV Rp. 5,089,000, andIRR 18.75%; Farmer pattern : B/C ratio 3.60, NPV Rp. 7,130,000 and IRR18.50%.Key words : Vetiver, Vetiver zizanoides Stapt, farming system,conservation, erosion, production, oil content, West Jav
PENGGUNAAN FILTRAT Ralstonia solanacearum DALAM SELEKSI KALUS IN VITRO UNTUK KETAHANAN JAHE TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI
Get PDFABSTRAKPenyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearummerupakan kendala utama budidaya jahe, yang menyebabkan kehilanganhasil lebih dari 90%. Upaya pengendalian yang dilakukan belum optimal,karena tidak tersedianya varietas jahe tahan patogen tersebut. Kendalautama untuk memperoleh varietas jahe yang tahan adalah terbatasnyasumber gen ketahanan dan adanya hambatan fisiologis pada prosespersilangan jahe karena sifat inkompatibilitas sendiri, serta rendahnyafertilitas polen menyebabkan persilangan jahe secara konvensional sulitdilakukan. Seleksi in vitro menggunakan medium selektif yangmengandung filtrat patogen merupakan salah satu metode inkonvensionaluntuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan diLaboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Laboratorium Penyakit Balai PenelitianTanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) dari bulan April 2008 sa,mpaiOktober 2008 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan jahepada stadia kalus terhadap filtrat R. solanacearum dan memperolehkonsentrasi filtrat yang tepat sehingga diperoleh varian kalus baru tahanterhadap filtrat patogen tersebut. Kalus embriogenik jahe putih besar asaleksplan meristem berumur 8 minggu, diseleksi selama 3 minggu di dalammedium proliferasi (MS + 3% manitol tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh),mengandung filtrat R. solanacearum. Seleksi bertingkat dilakukan denganmengaplikasikan filtrat R. solanacearum pada konsentrasi berbeda, yaitu:0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4; dan 5%, pada tahap pertama. Padaseleksi tahap kedua, kalus disubkultur ke dalam media yang sama dengankonsentrasi filtrat dinaikkan 10 kali dari konsentrasi awal. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, diulang 10 kali. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan penggunaan filtrat R. solanacearum di dalam mediumkultur in vitro jahe pada seleksi tahap pertama dan kedua menyebabkanterjadinya perubahan warna kalus dari putih kekuningan menjadi kuningkecoklatan dan coklat kehitaman. Berat dan diameter kalus, jumlahembrio globular serta embrio torpedo berkurang secara nyata setelahperlakuan filtrat, pada seleksi tahap pertama maupun kedua seiring denganbertambah tingginya konsentrasi filtrat. Konsentrasi filtrat R.solanacearum yang mampu menginduksi dan menyeleksi kalusembriogenik berkisar antara 0,3 - 2% dari volume medium seleksi kaluspada seleksi tahap 1 dan 3 - 20% pada seleksi tahap 2.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rosc., kalus, seleksi in vitro,ketahanan, filtrat R. solanacearumABSTRACTThe use of R. solanacearum filtrate in callus selection ofin vitro for ginger resistance to bacterial wilt diseaseBacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the mainconstraint in ginger cultivation. It often causes significant yield loss ofmore than 90%. Various controlling techniques are not able to overcomethe disease, due to unavailability of resistant ginger cultivar. Limitation inobtaining resistant ginger variety is caused by several factors includingthe lack of resistant gene, physiological barrier due to the selfincompatibility, and low pollen fertility, these cause difficulty inconventional cross breeding. Therefore, genetic variability enhancementhas to be carried out unconventionally, to obtain ginger variety resistant tothe disease. In vitro selection using a selective medium containing filtrateof the pathogen is one of the potential unconventional method to improveginger plant resistance. The study was conducted at Meristem Culture andPlant Disease Laboratories of IMACRI from April to October 2008 aimingat determining the level of resistant ginger on stage of calli to the filtrateof R. solanacearum and to obtain an appropriate concentration of thefiltrate which induced calli variants resistant to the filtrate. Large whiteginger embryogenic calli meristems of 8 weeks old were selected for 3weeks in proliferation medium (MS + 3% mannitol without growthregulators), containing filtrate of R. solanacearum. For that purpose, twostages of in vitro selection were performed by applying differentconcentrations of R. solanacearum filtrate e.g; 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 1;2; 3; 4; and 5% at the first stage selection. Those concentrations were thenmultiplied 10 times at the second stage selection. Experiments werearranged in completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Resultsshowed that the use of R. solanacearum filtrate as selection agent in gingerin vitro culture medium has caused changes in calli color from theyellowish white into the blackish brown. In addition, increase of R.solanacearum filtrate concentration at the 1 st and 2 nd selection stages wasin line with the decreased of the calli weight and diameter, as well asnumber of globular and torpedo embryo. The concentration of R.solanacearum filtrate applied at 0.3 to 2% in the 1 st selection followed by3 to 20% in the 2 nd selection induced resistant embryogenic calli of ginger.Key words : Zingiber officinale Rosc., calli, in vitro selection,resistance, R. solanacearum filtrat