Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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STABILITAS HASIL BEBERAPA GALUR WIJEN
No full textPenelitian dilaksanakan pada musim tanam 2003 di 4 lokasi yaitu, Kabupaten Lumajang, Bojonegoro, Nganjuk dan Sragen. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk memperoleh galur-galur unggul yang dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan pengembangan wijen dengan produktivitas tinggi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri dari 12 galur harapan yaitu SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI 20, SI.21, SI.24, SI.25, SI.26, S1.28, SI.31, SI.13, SI.40, dan sebagai pembanding digunakan 2 varietas komersial yaitu Sumberrejo 1 dan Sumberrejo 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur unggul yaitu galur SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI.24 potensi hasil sama dengan varietas Sbr. I mempunyai adaptasi luas (galur stabil). Empat galur lainnya dapat bcrproduksi tinggi apabila ditanam pada kondisi lingkungan sesuai (spesifik lokasi). Galur SI. 21 dan SI 25 sesuai untuk daerah Nganjuk dan Sragen, galur SI 20 untuk daerah Bojonegoro dan Nganjuk, dan SI 28 untuk daerah Lumajang.Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., galur, hasil, spesifik lokasi ABSTRACT Yield Stabibity of Sesame LinesThe experiment was conducted at four locations of sesame development area, viz. Lumajang, Bojonegoro, Nganjuk and Sragen districts, in 2003 planting seasons. The aim of this experiment was to find out the sesame lines having high productictivity and suitable for the development areas. Twelve promising lines, namely SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI.20, SI.21, SI.24, SI.25, SI.26, SI.28, SI.3I, SI.13, SI.40, and two control varieties (Sumberrejo 1 and Sumbenejo 2) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The result of this experimental found out 4 superior lines (SI 14, SI 16, SI 18, and SI 24) that have the same potential as Sbr I variety, gave broad adaption to all locations (stable lines). Nevertheless the other four lines evaluated showed as the specific location lines. Those lines arc SI 21 and SI 25 that are appropriate for nganjuk and Sragen; SI 20 that is appropriate for Bojonegoro and Nganjuk, and SI 28 that is appropriate for Lumajang.Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., line, yield, specific locatio
PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN SETEK BERAKAR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN NILAM(Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Get PDFABSTRAKDalam upaya pengembangan nilam (Pogostemon cablin) di daerahyang jaraknya jauh dari kebun induk, pengadaan benih nilam yang berkua-litas menjadi masalah yang serius, karena bibit akan cepat mengalamipenurunan kualitas selama transportasi. Untuk itu dilaksanakan penelitianyang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama simpan setek berakarnilam terhadap pertumbuhan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dari bulan April –Agustus 2004. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT)dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama (main plot) adalah 2 jenis setek nilamyaitu: (1) setek berdaun dan (2) setek tidak berdaun. Anak petak (sub plot)adalah lama penyimpanan setek yaitu: (1) setek langsung ditanam(kontrol), (2) setek disimpan 1 hari, (3) setek disimpan 3 hari, (4)setekdisimpan 5 hari dan, (5) setek disimpan 7 hari. Pengamatan dilakukansejak tanaman berumur 2 minggu sampai tanaman berumur 8 minggu.Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, jumlahdaun dan jumlah tunas), bobot kering (batang, daun, akar). Hasil perco-baan menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup setek nilam berakar (setekberdaun dan setek tidak berdaun) masih 100% setelah disimpan selama 7hari. Hampir dari seluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlahcabang, jumlah daun) yang diamati menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhanbibit setek berdaun lebih baik dibandingkan dengan setek yang tidakberdaun.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, bibit, setek berakar,penyimpanan, pertumbuhan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of storage periods of rooted cutting on the growthof patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)Providing high quality of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)seedlings is necessary to support the development of patchouli plants. Inthe new developing area transportation become serious problems (highcost transportation), therefore some alternative solution is reducing thetransportation cost without reducing the quality of the seedlings. Base onthe problems, this experiment was conducted. The objective of thisexperiment was to study the effect of storage periods of rooted cuttings onthe growth of patchouli plant. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute(ISMECRI), from April to August 2004. The experiment was arranged ina split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot was 2 kinds of cuttingthere were: (1) leaf cutting and (2) non leaf cutting. The sub plot was 5different storage periods, there were: (1) control (no storage), (2)1 daystorage, (3) 3 day storage, (4) 5 day storage, (5) 7 day storage. Thevariables observed were plant growth (plant height, number of leaves andnumber of shoots), dry weight of stems, leaves and roots. The results ofexperiment indicated that after 7 day storage, rooted cuttings of patchouliwere still 100% viable. The growth of patchouli from leaf cutting wassignificantly different from non leaf cutting. Patchouli plant from leafcutting produced higher plant height, number of leaves, number of shootsand dry weight of plants compared to those of patchouli plants from nonleaf cuttings. Storage period significantly affected the height of plantshowever it did not significantly affected the number of leaves, number ofshoots and dry weight of plants.Key words: Pacthouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedlings, rooted cutting,storage, growth, West Jav
PENGARUH KEPADATAN TERNA DAN LAMA PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK Melaleuca bracteata
No full textThe influence of material bulk density and duration of distillation on the yi eld and characteristic of Melaleuca bracteata oilMelaleuca bracteata belongs to Myrtaceae family which is grown wildly in Australia and Quensland. The oil is produced from Ihe leaves and (wigs by distillation and is used in fragrances industry. The oil content of leaves and twigs range between 0.4 to 1.0% with metil eugenol as the major component (70-80%). Because of its high metil eugenol content M. bracteata oil can be used to control fruil flies The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of material bulk density in the distillation vessel and duration of distillation on the yield and charac¬ teristic of the oil produced. Material used was (he leaves and twigs of M bracteata from the experimental garden of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops. Manoko, Lembang (1200 in above the sea level). The experiment at 1993 was designed as completely randomized design, arranged factorially with three replications. The result showed that the optimum distillation condition was 1 56 g/l material bulk density in the vessel and 3 hours distillation. Such distillation condition produced 1.09 % oil yield with (he characteristics as follow speciic gravity I 0263, refractive index 1 5296, optical rotation -3.3°, solubility in 70% cthanol 1 : 1, methyl eugenol content 86.1%, acid number 0.56, ester number 15.4 and ester number after acetylation 39.3. Referring to Australia oil, the Indonesian M bracteata oil has higher value of esther number both before and after acetylation
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI KEKERINGAN PADA TANAMAN NILAM
Get PDFABSTRAKTanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan tanamanatsiri utama di Indonesia. Saat ini sekitar 90% minyak nilam duniadihasilkan oleh Indonesia. Produktivitas dan mutu nilam sangatdipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Salah satu faktorlingkungan abiotik yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan danproduksi nilam adalah cekaman kekeringan. Sampai saat ini informasimengenai toleransi nilam terhadap kekeringan masih sangat terbatas.Untuk itu, sebuah penelitian pemanfaatan pupuk hayati mikoriza untukmeningkatkan toleransi kekeringan pada tanaman nilam dilakukan padakondisi rumah kaca di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi dan SumberdayaGenetika Pertanian pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Juni 2003.Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang disusunsecara faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama 2 taraf aplikasi mikorisamasing-masing dengan dan tanpa mikoriza. Faktor kedua adalah 4 tarafcekaman kekeringan dengan tingkat pemberian air (KL) yang berbedamasing-masing (1) tanpa cekaman kekeringan (100% KL), (2) cekamankekeringan rendah (75% KL), (3) cekaman kekeringan sedang (50% KL),dan (4) cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL). Aplikasi mikoriza dilakukan1 bulan setelah tanam (BST), sedangkan perlakuan cekaman kekeringandiberikan 2 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilam yang diberimikoriza mempunyai pertumbuhan yang lebih baik. Kekeringan menekanpartumbuhan dan hasil tanaman nilam secara linier. Sebaliknya, cekamankekeringan mampu meningkatkan kadar minyak dan patchouli alkoholdaun nilam. Interaksi antara kedua faktor yang diuji terjadi pada parameterpanjang akar total dan kadar prolina daun nilam. Keberadaan mikoriza didalam akar mampu meningkatkan toleransi terhadap cekaman kekeringan.Kandungan patchouli alkohol daun tertinggi dijumpai pada kombinasiperlakuan aplikasi mikoriza dengan cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL).Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mikoriza, cekamankekeringan, pertumbuhan, produktivitas, Jawa BaratABSTRACTUse of mycorhiza bio-fertilizer in increasing droughttolerance of patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth)Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a primary essential oil inIndonesia. More than 90 percent patchouli oil of the world is produced byIndonesia. Productivity and quality of patchouli oil are strongly affected bygenetic and environmental factors. One of abiotic environment which hasstrongly effected growth and productivity of patchouli is drought stress.The information on the tolerance of patchouli to drought stress is limited.For that purpose, an experiment of the effect of mycorhiza application anddrought stress treatments was conducted at a glass house condition inIndonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources ResearchInstitute, from January to June 2003. A factorial experiment was arrangedin a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication. The firstfactor was 2 mycorhiza treatments namely with and without mycorhizainoculation. The second factor were 4 drought stress treatments usingdifferent water application level (FC), i.e. (1) without drought stress (100%FC), (2) lowly drought stress (75% FC), (3) moderately drought stress(50% FC), and (4) highly drought stress (25% FC). Mycorhiza inoculationwas applied 1 month after planting (MAP). While drought stress treatmentswere applied at 2 MAP. The results of observation showed that theinoculation of mycorhiza improved growth performance. Drought stressreduced growth and production components linearly. On the contrary, thedrought stress was able to increase oil and patchouli alcohol contents in theleaf. The interaction between the two factors treatment was found on totalroot length and leaf proline content. The existing of mycorhiza inpatchouli root was able to increase drought stress tolerance. The highestpatchouli alcohol content of leaf was found at mycorhiza application andhighly drought stress (25% FC) combination treatment.Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mycorhiza, droughtstress, growth, productivity, West Jav
PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA
Get PDFABSTRAKBenih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikrobayang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benihterhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida.Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan KakaoIndonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Julisampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawabenih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakaoTSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan AcakLengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukandengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasirsteril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya.Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah dayaberkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatanberkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit,panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis denganANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenikpada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifatpatogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporiumherbanum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomaglomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapatmenurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatantumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan(T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapatmenyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolatpatogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batangdan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophomasp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akarsecara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidakhanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi jugadapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini.Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih,Theobroma cacaoABSTRACTIn 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to hugelosses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-bornepathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they mayreduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed atdetermining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on theviability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of theseedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffeeand Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glasshouse of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia,Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungiin hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinatedcrossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds wereinoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. Afterinoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, rootnumber, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVAfollowed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varyingpathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata,Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed bornepathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%,vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayedgermination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed bornepathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons,leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phomaglomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings,leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection ofseed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death.Therefore, seeds should be handled properly.Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor,Theobroma caca
KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGIS ISOLAT Sclerotium sp. ASAL TANAMAN SAMBILOTO
Get PDFABSTRAKSclerotium sp. merupakan jamur patogen baru pada tanamansambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) yang dapat mengakibatkankematian. Penyebaran jamur ini masih terbatas di KP Cimanggu, Bogordan KP Cicurug, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh beberapa faktor lingkungan seperti suhu,kelembaban udara (RH), pH, dan cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan isolatSclerotium sp. asal sambiloto pada media PDA serta kisaran inangnya.Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro), Tahun 2005. Faktor lingkunganyang diuji yaitu suhu ruangan (20, 28, 35 dan 40) o C, kelembaban udara(RH 55, 75, 85, dan 100)%, pH (4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8) dan kondisi cahaya(terang, gelap, dan terang dan gelap selang 12 jam secara bergantian). Ujikisaran inang dilakukan terhadap 3 varietas jagung (ketan, pematung, dansokong) dan 3 varietas kacang tanah (jerapah, kelinci, dan simpai) sertatanaman sambiloto sebagai pembanding. Inokulasi dilakukan dengan caramenempelkan sclerotia jamur di bagian pangkal batang tanaman uji dekatpermukaan tanah. Pengamatan pertumbuhan jamur pada media agar yangdiperlakukan dan pengamatan intensitas serangan penyakit dilakukansetiap hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat Sclerotium sp. asaltanaman sambiloto tumbuh baik pada suhu (20-35) 0 C, RH (55-100)%, danpada kisaran pH 4-8 serta pada kondisi terang atau gelap secara terusmenerus maupun bergantian selang 12 jam. Hasil uji kisaran inangmenunjukkan bahwa Sclerotium sp. dapat menyebabkan kematian tidakhanya pada tanaman sambiloto, tetapi juga pada dua varietas kacang tanah(simpai dan jerapah), sedangkan pada jagung tidak menyebabkan kematian(tahan). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa isolat Sclerotium sp.yang berasal dari tanaman sambiloto mempunyai kemampuan bertahanhidup dan berkembang pada kondisi lingkungan yang luas (broadspectrum). Ketidakmampuan jamur tersebut menginfeksi tanaman jagungvarietas ketan, pematung, dan sokong dapat digunanakan sebagai salahsatu cara pengendalian patogen dengan sistem tumpangsari dan rotasi.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Ness, Sclerotium sp.,karakteristik, fisiologis, Jawa BaratABSTRACTPhysiological Characteristics of Sclerotium sp. Isolatedfrom SambilotoSclerotium sp. is a new destructive fungal patogen on sambiloto(Andrographis paniculata Ness.). The distribution of the patogen was stilllimited in Cicurug, Sukabumi and Cimanggu, Bogor, West Java. The aimof this experiment was to observe the growth of Sclerotium sp fromsambiloto under different environmental factors such as temperature,relative humidity, light condition, and pH on PDA medium as well as itshost range. The experiment was conducted in Indonesian Medicinal andAromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) in 2005. The environmentalfactors tested were temperature (20, 28, 35, and 40) o C; relative humidity(55, 75, 85, and 100)%; pH (4-8); and light condition (continuosly on oroff and 12 hours on and off alternatively). The pathogenicity of theSclerotium sp. was tested against 3 varieties of corn (ketan, pematung, andsokong) and 3 varieties of peanut (jerapah, kelinci, and simpai) as well assambiloto as a comparison. Sclerotia of the fungus were inoculated on thestem base of the plant tested. Observation of the growth of the fungusunder different environmental factors and disease intensity on inoculatedplants was conducted everyday. The results showed that the growth ofSclerotium sp. isolate from sambiloto was affected by differentenvironmental factors. The isolate grew well at (20-35) 0 C, relativehumidity ranged from (55-100)%, pH ranged from 4-8, and lightcondition of both continuosly on or off as well as 12 hours on and offalternativelly. The isolate was pathogenic against sambiloto as well asagainst 2 varieties of peanut (simpai and jerapah), however, it was notpathogenic against all the corn varieties tested. The result indicated thatthe isolate of Sclerotium sp. from sambiloto was a broad spectrum fungalpathogen. The resistency of the corn varieties would be of value forcontrolling the disease through mixed cropping or rotation systems.Key words: Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Ness, Sclerotium sp.,physiological characteristics, West Jav
WAKTU TANAM KAPAS DI JAWA TENGAH
Get PDFABSTRAKCurah hujan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang sangatberpengaruh terhadap produksi kapas. Variasi hujan di lahan tadah hujanJawa Tengah sangat tinggi sehingga diperlukan penetapan waktu tanam.Waktu tanam ditetapkan berdasarkan analisis hujan lebih dari 20 tahundari 31 stasiun hujan yang tersebar di Kabupaten Grobogan, Wonogiri,Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, dan Brebes. Data dianalisis menggunakan metodepeluang Markov Order Pertama dan perhitungan peluang selang keringberturut-turut. Peluang hujan yang dianalisis berupa peluang hujanmingguan lebih dari 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 mm. Besar peluang hujanmingguan lebih dari 60% untuk mendapatkan hujan lebih dari 20 mm dan30 mm dipakai dalam penentuan minggu tanam, selanjutnya disesuaikandengan peluang kering berturut-turut. Minggu tanam paling lambat (MPL)di Kabupaten Grobogan dan Wonogiri berkisar minggu I Desember sampaiminggu I Januari. MPL di Kabupaten Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, dan Brebesadalah minggu I-IV Januari. Sebagian besar lahan yang digunakan untukkapas bertekstur liat dengan kandungan liat di atas 60%. Ketersediaan airdari hujan cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air kapas dan didukung olehkemampuan tanah menyimpan air yang tinggi.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, waktu tanam, periode kering,masa tanam, Jawa TengahABSTRACTCotton planting times in Central JavaClimatic elements particularly rainfall strongly influences successfulprediction of rainfed cotton yield. Rainfall variability varies amongst theseasons. Longterm rainfall data were required for rainfall analysis to getreliable probabilities. The rainfall analysis was done using Markov ChainFirst Order Probability and dryspell probability methods. Initial andconditional probabilities of rainfall for selected amounts (10, 20, 30, 40and 50 mm/week) were analysed. Rainfall probabilities over 60% to have20-30 mm rainfall per week were used to identify cotton planting times.The rainfall data were collected from 31 rainfall stations in Central Java(Grobogan, Wonogiri, Blora, Pemalang, Tegal, and Brebes). The plantingtimes varied from the first week of December to the first week of Januaryfor Grobogan and Wonogiri. The planting times in Blora, Pemalang,Tegal, and Brebes ranged from early to late January. The majority of landused for cotton has high clay content with high water holding capacitywhich is sufficient to meet the cotton water requirement.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, planting time, dryspell,seasonal pattern, Central Jav
PENGARUH SELANG PANEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI NILAM
No full textPengaruh sclang panen terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi nilam dipelajari di KP Manoko (Lembang ) dari tahun 1992 sampai 1994 Percobaan dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 9 ulangan Luas pelak 5m x 4.5m, jarak tanam 90 cm x 30 cm. Perlakuan Hang panen diatur sebagai berikut. Unluk menycragamkan pertanaman, pada umur 6 bulan seluruh pertanaman dipangkas setinggi 30 cm dai permukaan tanah. Setelah itu tanaman dipanen masing masing dengan selang 2, 4, atau 6 bulan. Parameter yang digunakan untuk mcnilai penganih perlakuan adalah komponen pertumbuhan, yang meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang (primer dan sckundcr), serta komponen produksi, yang meliputi produksi tcma (segar dan keing), produksi dan kadar minyak.. Untuk parameter tinggi tanaman. jumlah cabang, dan kadar minyak, data yang diolah adalah rata-rata pengamatan tahun pertama dan kedua. (masing- masing 1 tahun pengamatan), sedangkan unluk pcroduksi tcrna dan minyak data yang diolah adalah hasil panen kumulalif, masing masing selama tahun pertama dan kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman makin tinggi dengan makin lamanya sclang panen Tanaman tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan selang panen 6 bulan. Terhadap jumlah cabang primer, selang panen tidak berpengaruh nyata, sedang terhadap jumlah cabang sckundcr perlakuan tersebut berpengaruh nyata, dimana selang panen 2 bulan menghasilkan cabang sekunder terbanyak. Produksi tcma (segar atau kenng) pada tahun pertama tidak berbeda antar perlakuan, produksi tcma segar mencapai 61.3 68.68 kg/plot (+ 27 30 ton/ha) dan tema keing 17.15 17.87 kg/plot (+ 7.6 - 7.9 ton/ha). Pada tahun kedua, sclang panen berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi tema, selang panen 2 bulan menghasilkan tcma tertinggi yaitu 12.02 kgplot tcma segar (+ 5.3 ton/ha) dan 5.72 kg'plot tema kering (+ 2.5 ton/ha). Terhadap produksi minyak, selang panen berpengaruh nyata, baik pada tahun pertama, maupun tahun kedua. Produksi tertinggi diperoleh dari selang panen 2 bulan, yaitu 449 ml/plot (197 |/ha) pada tahun pertama dan 142 ml plot (63 l/ha) pada tahun kedua. Terhadap kadar minyak, pada tahun pertama selang panen berpengaruh nyata, dimana kadar minyak tetinggi (2.59%) diperoleh dai pelakuan sclang panen 2 bulan. Pada tahun kedua selang panen tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar minyak, yang bervariasi antara 2.25 - 2.97%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, sclang panen, pertumbuhan produksi ABSTRACT Effect of harvest intervals on the growth and yield of patchouliEfect of harvest intervals on the growth and yield of patchouli was studied at the Manoko Expeimental Garden from 1992 to 1994. The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in 9 replicates, and the treatments were arranged as follows. A clone of patchouli (Aceh Merah) was planted in a 5m x 4.5m plots with a plant spacing of 100cm x 30cm. Six months ater planting the plants on all plots were pruned 30 cm above the ground to make them uniform. The plants of each plot were then harvested every 2, 4, or 6 months. Ihe parameters used for evaluating the efect of treatments were the growth components, including plant height, number of branches (primary and secondary branches), and yield components, including the yield of herbs (resh and dry herbs), and oil yield and content. The processed data for plant height, number of branches and oil content were respectively the average data of one- year observation in the first and the second year, while those for yield of herbs and oil. the processed data were the accumulated data from die harvest in the first and the second year respectively Results of Ihe study are summaized as follows 'lant height was afected by harvest intervals, longer harvest interva, produced higher plant. In the irst year, no significant difference in herb yield (fresh or dry herbs) among treatments. The yield of herbs varied from 61.3 to 68.68 kg'plot (+ 27 - 30 tons/ha/year) and dry herbs from 17 1? lo 17 8 kg'plot (+ 7.6 -7.9 tons/ha). In the second year, harvest interval signiicantly afected herb yield, where the highest yield was produced by 2-month harvest interval. Oil yield was significantly afected by harvest interval, cither in the irst or in the second year. The highest yield was produced from 2-month harvest interval, i.e. 449 ml/plot (197 lha) in the irst, and 142 ml (63 l/ha) in ile second year. In he first year, oil content was afected by harvest interval, where me herbs harvested every 2 months produced the highest oil content (2.59%). In the second year, harvest interval did not affected oil content, which varied from 2.25 - 2.97%.Key words: Pogostemon cablin, harvest interval, plant growth, yiel
PENGARUH EKSTRAK SERBUK BIJI MIMBA TERHADAP KONSERVASI MUSUH ALAMI DAN POPULASI Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER PADA TANAMAN KAPAS
No full textMusuh alami dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) merupakan kekuatan alami yang diharapkan dapat bekerja untuk mengen¬ dalikan serangga hama. Musuh alami akan mampu mengendalikan hama apabila sepcnuhnya mendapat kesempatan untuk bcrkembangbiak dan dukungan untuk berperan secara optimal sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik serangga hama. Untuk mendapatkan kesempatan tersebut, perlu didukung dengan tindakan konservasi. Penggunaan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) yang aman terhadap musuh alami diharapkan dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh SBM terhadap musuh alami dan efektivitasnya dalam menekan populasi Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. pada tanaman kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Asembagus pada bulan Desember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) penyemprotan dengan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) konsentrasi 20 g/l air, (2) penyemprotan dengan insektisida sintetis betasifultrin (ISB) konsentrasi 1.5 ml/1 air. Masing- masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 8 kali. Ukuran petak untuk masing- masing perlakuan pada setiap ulangan 25 x 30 m. Penyemprotan SBM maupun IBS dilakukan secara bcrkala sebelum pengamatan populasi hama dan musuh alami mulai 41 hingga 86 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan selang waktu 5 hari (10 kali penyemprotan). Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari, sejak tanaman berumur 40 hingga 100 hsl. Variabel yang diamati adalah populasi musuh alami (parasitoid dan predator), populasi ulat dan larva penggerek buah // armigera, kerusakan badan buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Insektisida botani SBM dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami terutama predator dan menekan populasi penggerek buah H. armigera pada tanaman kapas. Perbedaan penekanan populasi predator yang disebabkan oleh perlakuan ISB dibanding SBM rata-rata 25%. Parasitisasi telur dan larva H. armigera pada kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda dengan tingkat parasitisasi tertinggi mencapai 63% oleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatoidea armigera dan 25% oleh parasitoid larva Eriborus argenteopilosus dan Carcelia illola. Efektivitas SBM dalam menekan populasi hama tidak berbeda dengan efektivitas ISB. Populasi larva //. armigera rata-rata 0.95 ekor pada perlakuan SBM dan 1.5 ekor pada perlakuan ISB per 10 tanaman. Tingkat kerusakan buah pada kedua perlakuan kurang dari 10% dengan produktivitas hasil kapas berbiji 1 921 kg/ha pada perlakuan SBM dan 1 838 kg/ha pada perlakuan ISB. Dengan demikian, maka SBM layak digunakan sebagai substitusi ISB.Katakunci: Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu, insektisida botani, konservasi musuh alami, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. ABSTRACT The effect of neem seed powder extract on natural enemy conservation and population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on cottonIn IPM concept, natural enemies are expected to act as natural power in controlling the pests. They will eonlrol the pests when they are in an encouraging environment. Conservation is possible to build such environment. The use of botanical insecticide, extract of neem seed powder (NSP), which is relatively save for natural enemies could be expected for conservation. The objective of this research was to test the effects of NSP extract on Helicoverpa armigera and its natural enemies. The research was carried out at Asembagus Research Station from December 1999 to May 2000. The treatments applied were: NSP spray (NSP) versus betasifultrin chemical insecticide spray (BCI); designed in 8 replicates. The plot size was 25 m x 30 m. Both NSP and BCI were applied every 5 days since 41 days ater planting (dap) to 86 dap (10 sprays). Variables observed were the population of natural enemies (parasitoids and predators), H. armigera (eggs and larvae), damaged bolls and seed cotton production. The results showed that NSP did not have any adversary effects on parasitoids and predators on cotton, but it does on // armigera so that it could be functioned for natural enemy conservation Average suppression on predator population by BCI was higher 25% than thai of NSP. However, egg and larvae parasitism on BCI and NSP were not significantly different. The highest parasitism level was 63% and 25% by egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera and larvae parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus and Carcelia illola, respectively. The effectiveness of BCI on H. armigera larvae was not significant with NSP. Larvae population was 0.95 larvae/10 plants and 1.5 larvae/10 plants on BCI and NSP, respectively. Fruit damage on both treatments was less than 10% and seed cotton productivity was 1 921 kg/ha and I 838 kg/ha on NSP and BCI, respectively. Therefore, NSP could be used as BCI substitution.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu. botanical insecticides, natural enemy conservation, Helicoverpa armigera Hb
PENGARUH DOSIS DAN AGIHAN PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale)
No full textPenelitian lapangan telah dilaksanakan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat sejak Juni 1997 sampai dengan Desember tahun 2000, yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis dan agihan pemupukan terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan jambu mete. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) Dosis pupuk NPK (1:1:2) yang terdiri atas 300, 600 ,900, dan 1200 g/tan/thn, dan (2) agihan pemupukan yang terdiri atas 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% dan 100%. Pada tanaman berumur < 2 tahun, pupuk diberikan pada awal dan akhir musim pcnghujan, sedangkan pada umur > 2 tahun pupuk dibeikan pada awal musim bunga dan 2 bulan beikutnya. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 2 kali dengan ukuran plot 4 tanaman/pcrlakuan. Perlakuan merupakan kombinasi dari dosis pupuk dan agihan sehingga terdapat 16 perlakuan. Sampai tanaman berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan dosis pupuk yang dibeikan adalah 1/6 dai dosis pcnuh, sedangkan dosis penuh baru dibeikan setelah tanaman berumur 2 tahun 7 bulan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada fase petumbuhan tanaman umur 7 bulan di lapangan belum terlihat pengaruh dosis pemupukan NPK dan agihannya terhadap petumbuhan vegetatif. Pengaruh baru terlihat setelah tanaman berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan di lapangan, dengan pembeian dosis pupuk 100 g/ tan/thn dengan agihan 100%. Selanjutnya setelah berumur 2 tahun 7 bulan digunakan dosis penuh, dengan hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan 600 g NPK/tan/thn dengan agihan 50%: 50%. Memasuki umur 3 tahun 7 bulan tidak terlihat lagi pengaruh pemupukan NPK dan agihannya, kecuali terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman yang dipupuk 900 g NPK/phn/thn dengan agihan 70%:30%.Kata kunci:Anacardium occidentale, agihan, dosis, jambu mete, pupuk, pertumbuhanABSTRACT Effect of dosage and split-portion on the growth of cashew plants (Anacardium occidentale) A ield tial was conducted in Cikampek Experimental Garden, Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, rom June 1997 to December 2000. The objective of the research was to ind out the best dosage of fertilizer and split-portion for cashew plant the growth. The treatment tested were (1) dosage of NPK (1:1:2), comprised of 300, 600, 900, and 1 200 g/plan/year, and (2) split-potion of fertilizer, consisted of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% and 100%:0%.On the plants less than two years old, the fertilizer was applied at the onset and at the end of rainy season, while on the plants more than two years old, the fetilizer was applied at the beginning of flowering season and two months aterwards. A randomized block design was used with 2 replicates and 4 planls/'treatment. The result showed that at the age of seven months, all the treatment were not significantly different on the vegetable growth of cashew. This indicated that for plants less than 1 year, the best dosage was 50 g NPK/plan/year, applied 50% at the onset and 50% at the end of rainy season. In the second year, 100 g NPK/plan/year showed the best treatment, applied 100% on the onset of rainy season. In the third year, 600 g NPK/plan/year, split 50% at the onset and 50% at the end of rainy season showed the best treatment on cashew growth. In the foth year, all the treatments were not signiicantly different on the growth of cashew except on the growth of plant height where the best treatment was 900 g NPK/plan/year, applied 70% at the onset and 30% at the end of rainy season.Key words: Anacardium occidentale, cashew nut, dosage, fetilizer, growth, split-potio