Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora ASAL KELAPA DAN KAKAO
Get PDFABSTRAKPhytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen penyebab penyakitgugur buah pada tanaman kelapa dan busuk buah pada tanaman kakao.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan isolat P. palmivora asal kelapadan asal kakao berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler.Pengambilan sampel penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakaodilakukan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Jember, Jawa Timur, KabupatenMinahasa dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara, dan KabupatenGorontalo, Gorontalo. Analisis morfologi, ekstraksi DNA dan amplifikasiDNA dengan PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi dan LaboratoriumVirologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Faperta IPB. Analisis perunutanDNA dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai BesarBioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi,LIPI Serpong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2005 sampaiFebruari 2007. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi seperti diameter koloni,panjang dan lebar sporangium, tipe koloni, bentuk sporangium, per-bandingan panjang dan lebar sporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITSmenunjukkan bahwa keduapuluh-dua koleksi isolat yang menunjukkangejala penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakao adalah P.palmivora. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa berbeda dengan isolat P.palmivora asal kakao berdasarkan diameter koloni, panjang dan lebarsporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITS. Duapuluh-dua isolat P.palmivora asal kelapa dan asal kakao mempunyai sporangium yang mudahlepas dari sporangiospora (caducous), pedikel yang pendek dan papilaserta bervariasi dalam bentuk dan ukuran sporangium. Bentuk sporangiumterdiri dari 4 tipe yaitu ovoid, limoniform, obturbinate, dan obpyriform.Ukuran sporangium berkisar antara 40 – 62 µm panjang dan 28 – 43 µmlebar. Isolat P. palmivora memiliki tipe koloni rosaceous, stelate dancottony. Rata-rata diameter koloni isolat asal kelapa 54.8 cm lebih tinggidari isolat asal kakao 43,4 cm. Hasil perunutan DNA hasil PCRmenunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antar isolat asal kelapa dan kakaodi Indonesia. Isolat asal kakao berbeda dengan isolat asal kelapaberdasarkan perunutan DNA ruas ITS. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa dankakao dari Indonesia tidak berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolatyang berasal dari Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Puerto Rico, Ghana, danCameron.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, kakao, Theobroma cacao, penyakit,P. palmivora, morfologi, molekuler, keragaman, runutanDNA-ITS, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, JawaBaratABSTRACTMorphology and molecular characteristics of P.palmivora isolates from coconut and cacaoPhytophthora palmivora, is the pathogen of coconut nutfall andcacao black pod diseases. This study was conducted to differentiate theisolates of P. palmivora from coconut and those from cacao fruit based onmorphology and molecular characteristics. Samples of nutfall of coconutand black pod of cacao were collected from Banyuwangi and JemberDistricts, East Java, Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow Districts, NorthSulawesi, and Gorontalo District, Gorontalo. Morphological analysis,DNA extraction and amplification of PCR-DNA were conducted inMicology Laboratorium and Virology Laboratorium, Plant ProtectionDivision, Faperta IPB. Sequencing DNA analysis was conducted inMolecular Biology Laboratory, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan SumberdayaGenetik and Biotechnology Laboratory LIPI Serpong. This research wasconducted from April 2005 to February 2007. Comparative morphologicalevaluated i.e. diameter of colony, length and width of sporangium, l/wratio, type of colony and sequence Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS)-DNA showed that all isolates of Phytophthora isolated from coconut andcacao in Indonesia were Phytophthora palmivora. Morphologycharacteristics of pathogen isolates from cacao were smaller andsignificantly different in length, width, length/width ratio ofsporangium and diameter of colony compared to coconut’s isolates.Sporangia of 22 isolates were caducous with short pedicel, but werevariable in shape and size. The culture produced ovoid, limoniform,obturbinate, dan obpyriform sporangia, average 40-62 µm in length and28-43 µm in width. The colony types were stelate, cottony and rossaceouswith average diameter of coconut isolates 54.8 cm and cacao isolates 43.4cm. Specific fragment of 900 bp was successfully amplify from coconutand cacao infected by P. palmivora. The DNA sequence analysis of thenuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that thecoconut isolates were not in the same cluster with the cacao isolates. Basedon sequence analysis, the P. palmivora isolates from Indonesia showeddifferent cluster from those of Taiwan, Ghana, Puerto Rico and Costa Ricaisolates.Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucifera, cacao, Theobroma cacao,diseases, P. palmivora, diversity, morphology, molecular,sequencing ITS-DNA, East Java, North Sulawesi,Gorontalo, West Ja
ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL
No full textAnalysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International MarketStudy on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export
PROSPEK PERBAIKAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA DAN PASCAPANEN KUMIS KUCING DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
No full text Prospect Improvement Cultivation Technology and Postharvest of Cats Whiskers in Sukabumi RegencyABSTRAK Penerapan teknologi pertanian diarahkan pada teknologi yang tepat guna dan tepat terap sesuai dengan komoditas yang dikembangkan, untuk itu perlu didahului studi kelayakan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui prospek perbaikan teknologi budidaya dan pascapanen kumis kucing, dilakukan dalam bentuk sosilisasi dan demplot di kebun petani Kecamatan Nagrak, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat dari bulan Maret sampai Desember 2012. Perbaikan teknologi budidaya kumis kucing melalui penerapan pemupukan SOP rekomendasi Balittro dengan dosis pupuk kandang 20 ton/ha, diberikan 1-2 minggu sebelum tanam, Urea, SP-36, dan KCl masing-masing dengan dosis 200, 200, dan 150 kg/ha diberikan setiap habis panen. Pengeringan simplisia menggunakan kain penutup hitam pada terna basah yang dihamparkan di atas plastik. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Tingkat kelayakan teknologi budidaya diukur berdasarkan : tingkat efisiensi teknis, efisiensi ekonomis, serta efisiensi alokatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan SOP budidaya dan pascapanen anjuran Balittro dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usaha tani kumis kucing, hasil terna basah kumis kucing untuk enam kali panen per tahun pada budidaya monokultur 3.333 kg/1.000 m2 dan tumpang sari dengan ubi kayu 2.592 kg/1.000 m2, lebih tinggi 62,70 dan 81,75% dibanding pada petani. Analisis efisiensi ekonomi terna basah SOP pemupukan Balittro pada budidaya monokultur diperoleh pendapatan Rp.2.486.667,- dan tumpang sari dengan ubi kayu Rp.946.000,- per 1.000 m 2 , masing-masing dua kali dan sepuluh kali lebih tinggi dari pendapatan dengan pemupukan petani setempat. Pengembangan budidaya kumis kucing dengan pemupukan anjuran perlu upaya penyuluhan, penyediaan kredit usaha, dan promosi produk secara luas. Kata kunci: Orthosipon aristatus Miq., perbaikan teknologi, budidaya, pascapanen, sistem usaha tani ABSTRACT The application of agricultural technologies directed at appropriate technology and applicability according to the commodity which was developed, for that require to be preceded by feasibility studies. Research prospect improvement cultivation technology and postharvest of java tea in the form dissemination and demonstration plots was conducted in the farmer’s plantation at Nagrak District, Sukabumi, West Java, from March to December 2012. ISMCRI fertilizer recommendations were applied manure 20 tonnes/ha, applied 1-2 weeks before planting and inorganic fertilizer consisting of urea, SP36 and KCl respectively at a dose of 200, 200, and 150 kg/ha was given after every harvesting. Dissemination of the drying using black slipcover on the wet herbaceous plant spread on plastic. The feasibility technological was measured based on the level of technical efficiency, economic efficiency and price efficiency. The results showed SOP fertilizer introduced technically and economically more efficient, herbaceous plant production java tea for six harvest per year on monoculture farming 3,333 kg/1.000 m2 and intercropped with cassava 2,592 kg/1.000 m2, were higher than the farmer production, and more efficient in the allocation of inputs there were 62.70 (monoculture) and 81.75% (in intercropping with cassava). Economic efficiency analysis of the wet herbaceous plant product showed, cultivation with SOP fertilizer recommendation on monoculture cultivation income earned Rp.2,486,667,- and intercropping with cassava Rp. 946,000, - per 1,000 m2, respectively twice and ten times higher than income to local farmers fertilizing cultivation. The development of java tea cultivation using fertilizer recommendation should efforts of counseling, provision of business loans and promotion the product extensively. Keywords: Orthosipon aristatus Miq., technology improvement, cultivation, postharvest, farming syste
PENGARUH PUPUK UREA, SP36, DAN KCl TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorhiza Roxb)
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulya sejakSeptember 2006 sampai Desember 2007. Tujuan penelitian adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk urea, SP36, dan KCl terhadappertumbuhan, produksi, dan mutu rimpang temulawak. Perlakuan disusundalam faktorial 3 x 3 yang dilaksanakan dalam rancangan acak kelompokdan diulang 3 kali. Ketiga faktor yang dicoba terdiri atas 3 jenis pupukurea, SP36, dan KCl dengan takaran masing-masing 100, 200, dan 300kg/ha. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 75 cm x 50 cm, denganpopulasi 40 tanaman/plot. Peubah yang diamati adalah, komponenpertumbuhan meliputi akumulasi biomas, produksi rimpang, mutusimplisia (minyak atsiri, bahan aktif kurkuminoid dan xanthorhizol), dankadar hara N, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukanurea sebanyak 300 kg/ha pada tanah dengan status hara N rendahberpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan komponen pertumbuhan tanamantemulawak, biomas, hasil rimpang segar, dan simplisia kering pertanaman.Namun perlakuan interaksi dari tiga faktor pupuk urea, SP36, dan KCldengan masing-masing dosis 100, 200, dan 300 kg/ha tidak berpengaruhnyata terhadap produksi rimpang segar. Mutu simplisia yang dihasilkansudah memenuhi standar MMI ( DEPKES, RI, 1995. Produksi rimpangsegar berkisar antara 20,23 - 25,46 t/ha. Produksi rimpang segar 20,23 t/hadicapai perlakuan pemupukan urea, SP36, dan KCl masing-masing 100kg/ha, yang menyerap 37,41 kg/ha hara N, 15,30 kg/ha hara P, dan146,11 kg/ha hara K. Produksi rimpang segar 25,46 t/ha dicapai perlakuan300 kg/ha urea, 200 kg/ha SP36 dan 200 kg/ha KCl, yang menyerap193,44 kg/ha hara N, 21,05 kg/ha hara P, dan 221,34 kg/ha hara K.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorhiza Roxb, produksi, mutu, dan serapanharaABSTRACTEffect of urea, SP36, and KCl fertilizers on plant growthand production of java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb)The experiment was conducted in Sukamulya Experimental Stationfrom September 2006 until December 2007. The objective of the researchwas nitrogen, phosphate, potassium uptake to increase plant growth,production and to find out quality of java turmeric. The experiment wasarranged in factorial randomized block design with three replicates, andurea, SP36, and KCl fertilizer dosages were 100, 200, 300 kg/ha. The plantspacing was 75 cm x 50 cm, population was 40 plant/plot, and plot sizewas 3.75 m x 4 m. The first research was done in 2006 to obtain plantgrowth data and the second one was conducted in 2007 aiming to obtaindata on productivity and quality of rhizomes. Parameters observed wereaccumulation of biomass, rhizomes productivity and quality, absorption ofplant nutrition (N, P and K), active compounds (curcuminoid andxanthorhizol). The result showed that fertilizer application of 300 kg/haurea on the soil low in N content was able to increase growth componentof java turmeric, fresh rhizomes, and dry matter of rhizomes per/plant.Combination of the three application factors of urea, SP36, and KCl withdosages of 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha, respectively, did not affect onrhizomes productivity. The quality of rhizomes have fulfilled MMIstandard. The productivity of rhizome varied from 20.23 – 25.46 t/ha.Application of urea, SP36, and KCl with each dosage of 100 kg/haproduced 20.23 t/ha rhizome, which absorbed as much as 137.41 kg N,15.30 kg P, and 146.11 kg K per ha. Application of urea, SP36, and KCl of300, 200, and 200 kg/ha, respectively, produced 25.46 t/ha rhizome, whichabsorbed as much as 193.44 kg/ha N, 21.05 kg/ha P, and 221.34 kg/ha K.Key words : Curcuma xanthorrrhiza Roxb, productivity, quality andnutrien uptak
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CITRONELLA GRASS
Get PDFCitronella grass nowadays are developed in the highland that dominated by Andosol soil type. Thus, it is important to find out the proper fertilizer dosage, especially potassium, for citronella grass cultivation in Andosol soil. This study aimed to obtain the optimal of potassium dosage for growth, production and quality of Citronella grass oil. It was conducted at Manoko research station in Lembang, Bandung West Java from July 2014 to August 2015. This research was arranged in randomized block design, with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatments consisted of 5 potassium dosages: 1) without potassium, 2) 30 kg/ha K2O, 2) 60 kg/ha K2O, 3) 90 kg/ha K2O, and 5) 120 kg/ha K2O. The application of potassium on Andosol enhanced plant growth, production and oil yield significantly. However, it did not affect the quality of citronella grass oil (citronella and oil content) significantly. The application of 30 kg/ha K2O in citronella grass cultivation on Andosol has the best result. The oil yield was 1.20% (the 1st harvest), 1.28% (The 2nd harvest) and 1.23% (the 3rd harvest), with yield increment 6.9-7.5%. Oil content was 1,40-1,70%. The K nutrient uptake also improved around 11.76%. Citronella content from all treatments ranged from 36.97-37.68%. This result suggested that the low dosage of potassium in Andosol was sufficient to enhance primary metabolites process (indicated by growth and yield). However, it had no direct effect on the secondary metabolite process (represented by essential oil and citronella content). Based on the soil analysis after trial, the K residues in the soil was still high. However, its availability for the plants had to be tested further.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus, citronella content, oil content, oil yield, potassium
DISPERSION PATTERN OF Helopeltis antonii Signoret (HEMIPTERA:MIRIDAE) ON CASHEW PLANTATION
Get PDFABSTRACTHelopeltis antonii is one of the major pests in most cashew growingareas in Indonesia. The pest attacks cashew plants in the nursery and alsoin the fields which caused significant damage. Apart of cashew the insectshave a lot of alternate host plants such as tea, cocoa, neem, pepper,mangoes, jamboes, etc. This research was aimed at investigating thedispersion pattern of H. antonii in cashew plantation. The research wasconducted in smallholder cashew plantation in Ngadirejo, Wonogiri,Indonesia from March 2004 to May 2006. The observation of H. antoniipopulation was carried out on 60 sample plants which selectedsystematically in about 2 ha cashew plantation area every two weeks.Distribution analysis using various indices of dispersion and regressionmodels was applied to evaluate the dispersion of H. antonii in cashewplantation. The result shows that variance to mean ratio (s 2 / x ), χ2, Lloydmean crowding, Green’s coefficient of dispersion and Taylor’s power lawindicate aggregated distribution when the population is high duringflushing-flowering seasons of cashew plants, and it indicates regular orrandom distribution when the population is low during post-floweringseasons. The aggregated distribution on cashew plants indicated that thereis a preferency to food sources of the plants and an individual behaviour toaggregate. Therefore, sampling and monitoring H. antonii in cashewplantation should be carried out systematically during flushing-floweringseasonsKey words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, pest management,Helopeltis antonii, dispersion, Central JavaABSTRAKPola sebaran Helopeltis antonii Signoret (Hemiptera:Miridae) pada pertanaman jambu meteHelopeltis antonii merupakan salah satu hama utama tanamanjambu mete yang ditemukan hampir di setiap area pengembangan mete diIndonesia. Hama ini menyerang tanaman jambu mete sejak pembibitanhingga di lapangan dengan kerusakan yang cukup signifikan. Selain jambumete, serangga ini juga mempunyai banyak inang alternatif antara lain teh,kakao, mimba, lada,mangga, jambu air dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan sebaran serangga tersebut, khususnya sebaran horizontal padapertanaman jambu mete. Penelitian dilakukan di pertanaman jambu metemilik petani di daerah Ngadirejo, Wonogiri, Indonesia dari Maret 2004sampai Mei 2006. Pengamatan populasi H. antonii dilakukan pada 60tanaman sampel yang dipilih secara sistematik pada area pertanamanjambu mete seluas kurang lebih 2 ha setiap 2 minggu sekali. Hasil analisismenggunakan beberapa indek pengelompokan dan model regresi yaiturasio keragaman terhadap rata-rata (s 2 / x ), χ2,rata-rata pengelompokandari Lloyd, koefisien sebaran dari Green dan hukum kekuatan Taylormenunjukkan penyebaran yang mengelompok jika populasi tinggi selamamusim pembentukan tunas dan pembungaan jambu mete, dan merata atauacak jika populasi rendah sesudah musim pembungaan. Pengelompokan H.antonii pada tanaman jambu mete menunjukkan adanya ketertarikan padaketersediaan makanan pada tanaman jambu mete dan perilaku individuserangga tersebut. Oleh karena itu untuk pengambilan sampel danpengamatan serangga tersebut sebaiknya dilakukan secara sistematis padasaat musim pembentukan tunas dan pembungaan.Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, pengendalian hama,Helopeltis antonii, sebaran, Jawa Tenga
PARAMETER KEHIDUPAN DAN DEMOGRAFI KEPIK, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) PADA DUA VARIETAS LADA
Get PDFABSTRAKKepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia.Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan berbagai parameter kehidupandan demografi KRL pada dua varietas lada. Pengaruh varietas ladaterhadap parameter kehidupan dan demografi KRL diteliti di rumah kasadan pertanaman lada di Pulau Bangka, sejak Oktober 2003 hingga Februari2004. Penelitian mencakup pengaruh varietas Chunuk dan LDL terhadapmasa perkembangan telur dan nimfa, lama hidup imago jantan dan betina,serta keperidian. Selain itu juga diteliti pengaruh fase bunga, pucuk daun,dan buah muda terhadap lama hidup imago. Pengaruh varietas terhadapberbagai parameter demografi KRL dipelajari dengan memelihara kepikdari sejak telur hingga imago yang muncul meletakkan telur kembali.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas mempengaruhiberbagai parameter kehidupan KRL. Lama perkembangan nimfa 17,3 dan13,0 hari, lama hidup imago jantan 10,2 dan 18,8 hari, lama hidup imagobetina 13,6 dan 16,9 hari, keperidian 13,9 dan 24,5 butir, berturut-turutpada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Imago KRL hidup lebih lama pada bungafase-3 dibandingkan pada bunga fase-1 atau-2. Laju pertambahan intrinsik(r) 0,0741 dan 0,0827; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 6,98 dan 8,52, masagenerasi (T) 26,21 dan 25,91; laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,0769 dan1,0862 berturut-turut pada varietas Chunuk dan LDL. Secara keseluruhan,varietas LDL lebih mendukung kehidupan dan perkembangan populasi D.hewetti. Jika tidak tersedia bunga lada KRL mampu bertahan hidup denganmengisap pucuk daun dan buah muda. Lama hidup imago 12,1 hari dan23,5 hari pada buah muda. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalahinformasi dasar dalam penelitian untuk pengendalian KRL.Kata kunci: Lada, Piper nigrum L., hama, kepik renda lada, Diconocorishewetti, parameter kehidupan, demografi, Propinsi BangkaBelitungABSTRACTLife parameters and demographic of bug peper laceDiconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on twopepper varietiesPepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae), is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia.Research was conducted with the objective to compare various life historyand demographic parameters of PLB on two pepper varieties. The effectof two pepper varieties on various life parameters and demographic ofPLB was conducted in green house and farmer field on Bangka Island,since October 2003 to February 2004. The experiment covered the effectof LDL and Chunuk varieties on eggs and nymphal development, maleand female adults longivity and fecundity. Besides the effect ofdevelopment stage on inflorescence, shoots and young berries to adultslongivity were observed. The effect of varieties to demographic parametersof PLB was studied by rearing the bugs since egg to adult laid eggs. Theresult revealed that difference variety was influenced life history anddemographic parameters of PLB. Nymphal development time of PLB were17.3 and 13.0 days, male adult longivity 10.2 and 18.8 days, female adultlongivity 13.6 and 16.9 days, fecundity 13.9 and 24.5 eggs per female,respectively on Chunuk and LDL. The life history of PLB adult was longeron stage-3 inflorescences than stage-1 or stage-2. The intrinsic rates ofincrease (r) were 0.0741 and 0.0827, net reproductive rate (Ro) 6.98 and8.52, mean generation time (T) 26.21 and 25.91 days, finite rate ofincrease (λ) 1.0769 and 1.0862 on Chunuk and LDLrespectively.Generally, variety LDL was much better food source for thedevelopment of D. hewetti. If there were no inflorescences available, thePLB was able to survive by feeding on shoots or young berries. Adultlongivity was 12.1 days on shoots and 23.5 days on young berries. Theimplication of this research is as the basic information in the next researchfor PLB control.Key words : Pepper, Piper nigrum L., pest, lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti,life parameters, demographic, Bangka Belitung Provinc
ANALISIS LINTAS SIFAT-SIFAT AGRONOMIS TERHADAP INDEKS TANAMAN DAN KADAR NIKOTIN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA BOJONEGORO
No full textHubungan sifat-sifat agronomis terhadap indeks tanaman dan kadar nikotin telah dicari dengan analisis lintas. Tujuan dari analisis adalah untuk mengetahui pcubah bebas yang sangat mempengaruhi peubah yang tidak bebas, indeks mutu dan kadar nikotin daun, sehingga dapat mengurangi banyaknya pengamatan yang dilakukan. Data pengamatan agronomis yang meliputi : jumlah daun/pohon, luas daun ke-7, luas daun ke-15, bobot rajangan kering/ha, indeks mutu dan indeks tanaman diperoleh dari percobaan pemupukan tiga galur harapan tembakau Virginia di kebun percobaan Pekuwon Bojonegoro dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2002. Hasil analisis lintas antara indeks tanaman dengan peubah bebas di atas menunjukkan bahwa indeks tanaman sangat ditentukan oleh bobot rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas pm-1.03367 dan koefisien dcterminasi parsial 102%. Hubungan lintas bcrantai melalui pcubah rajangan kering dan indeks mutu menunjukkan bahwa luas daun kc-7 sangat mempengaruhi rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas (p„i)- 0.85257 dan rajangan kering sangat mempengaruhi indeks tanaman dengan koefisien lintas (p,x,)= 0.95639, indeks mutu pengaruhnya terhadap indeks lanaman sangat kecil dengan koefisien lintas p,M = 0.12316. Analisis lintas antara kadar nikotin daun dengan ke lima peubah tidak baik (unfit) dengan koefisien sisa p„,= 0.6827 melebihi koefisien lintas yang lainnya. Dengan pentingnya peubah rajangan kering ini maka penjualan daun segar yang dilakukan oleh petani tidak dianjurkan.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau Virginia, analisis lintas, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks tanaman, indeks mutu, kadar nikotin, bobot rajangan ABSTRACT Path analysis of agronomical characteristics on crops index and nicotine content of Virginia tobacco Bojonegoro The relationship between agronomical characteristics and crops index or leaf nicotine content has been studied by using path analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the independent variables which most affected the dependent ones as crops index and leaf nicotine contain, so that it could reduce the number of independent variables. The agronomical characteristics consist of leaf number/plant, seventh and fiteenth leaf area, dried slice leaf/ha, grade index and crop index obtained from fetilizer experiment on three Virginia tobacco lines at Pekuwon Experimental Garden Bojonegoro, from May to October 2002. The results of this path analysis showed that crop index was strongly affected by dried slice leaf with path coeficient poi = 1.03367 and patial determination coefficient 102%. It was indicated that dried slice leaf was strongly affected by seventh leaf area with path coefficient p,n- 0.85257 and dried slice leaf strongly variable affected the crop index with path coeficient poi= 0.95639, while the grade index had little effect on crop index with path coefficient poi= 0.12316. The path analysis between leaf nicotine content and ive variables above was unfit with residual path coeficient pou= 0.6827, it was higher than each path coefficient of the orther variables. The dried slice leaf was the main independent variable affecting the crops index, so that selling of fresh tobacco leaves by farmers is not recomended.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, Virginia tobacco, path analysis, leaf number, leaf area, crop index, grade index, nicotine content, dried slice lea
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI KAPASITAS REPRODUKSI PARASITOID TELUR ULAT PENGGEREK BUAH MERAH JAMBU PADA TANAMAN KAPAS
Get PDFABSTRAKPectinophora gossypiella merupakan salah satu hama utamatanaman kapas yang menyerang dengan cara menggerek buah. Mulaistadia larva kecil hingga pupa berada di dalam buah. Perilaku tersebutmenjadi salah satu sebab kurang efektifnya beberapa cara pengendalian P.gossypiella dengan sasaran stadia larva. Untuk itu, peluang yangdiharapkan akan memberikan hasil pengendalian yang lebih baik adalahsasaran pada stadia telur yaitu antara lain pemanfaatan parasitoid telur.Dari hasil eksplorasi telah diperoleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatidaeyang berasal dari pertanaman kapas di Lamongan dan Asembagus, JawaTimur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies parasitoidtelur P. gossypiella dan kapasitas reproduksinya. Penelitian inidilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malangpada bulan Maret - Desember 2002. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaparasitoid telur Trichogrammatidae yang muncul dari telur P. gossypiellayang berasal dari kedua lokasi, berasal dari spesies yang sama dan berbedadengan spesies T. armigera yang memarasit telur H. armigera.Berdasarkan kapasitas reproduksinya, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N & Nberpotensi sebagai agens hayati pengendali ulat penggerek buah kapasmerah jambu P. gossypiella.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Pectinophoragossypiella, parasitoid telur, Trichogrammatidae, lajupertumbuhanABSTRACTIdentification and reproduction capacity test of eggparasitoid pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiellaSaunders on cottonPectinophora gossypiella is one of main pests of cotton. It attacksthe boll since small larvae until pupae and the insect is located in the boll.This could be the reason why any control actions targeted to the larvaewere not effective. Therefore, the use of egg parasitoid to control thebollworm population would be more promising. Exploration of the eggparasitoid of the bollworm was done in Lamongan and Asembagus, EastJava. The parasitoids were considered as new locality report. This studywas to identify egg parasitoid of P. gossypiella and to study theirreproduction capacity. The study was conducted in Biological ControlLaboratory of IToFCRI Malang, March – December 2002. The studyincluded identification morphologically and biosystematically. The resultsshowed that Trichogrammatid emerged from P. gossypiella egg collectedfrom Asembagus (Trichogrammatoidea sp-A) and Lamongan (Trichogra-mmatoidea sp-L) were the same species. Based on the reproductioncapacity of the parasitoids, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N & N werepotential as biological control agent for P. gossypiella.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Pectinophoragossypiella, egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatidae, intrinsicrat
PENDUGAAN PARAMETER GENETIK DAN KORELASI ANTAR SIFAT-SIFAT MORFOLOGI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera, Linn)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter genetik dan korelasi antar sifat-sifat morfologi kelapa. Bahan lanaman yang digunakan adalah 19 populasi kelapa lokal hasil koleksi dan beberapa pulau di Indonesia, ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Jawa Barat pada tahun 1978 dan 1982. Tinggi tempat 450 m di atas permukaan laut dengan tipe iklim Bl menurut Oldeman. Jumlah tanaman 100 pohon, dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m scgi empat untuk kelapa Dalam dan 60 pohon kelapa Genjah dengan jarak tanam 7 m x 7 m scgi empat sciiap populasi. Pengamatan dilaksanakan dalam dua lahap Mei-Agusius 1996 pada 14 populasi dan Juni-Agustus 2000 pada 5 populasi saat tanaman kelapa berumur 18 tahun. Tanaman yang diamati 4 pohon diulang 3 kali setiap populasi sehingga total tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 19x4x3 « 228 pohon. Sifat yang diamati meliputi sifat-sifat morfologi batang, daun dan rangkaian bunga Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas genetik sifal-sifal morfologi kelapa umumnya sempil. Beberapa sifat seperti: diameter batang 1,5 m dai permukaan lanah, panjang batang 11 bckas daun, langkai bunga tanpa bunga betina, dan jumlah bunga betina menunjukkan variabilitas genetik yang luas Pada umumnya hcritabilitas dalam am luas dan kemajuan genetik dalam persen untuk semua sifat tinggi, kecuali hentabilitas sifat tangkai bunga membawa bunga betina bemilai sedang. Terdapat korelasi genetik positif yang nyata pada sifat-sifat morfologi batang dengan daun dan rangkaian bunga, kecuali dengan jumlah bunga betina/tandan dan jumlah tandan/ph/lh. Dari 15 sifat yang diamati, hanya 6 sifat yang mempunyai korelasi genetik nyata dengan sifat jumlah bunga betina/tandan yaitu: diameter batang 1.5 m dari permukaan lanah (rg = -0.5215*), panjang batang 11 bckas daun (rg • -0.5369*), lebar anak daun (rg ■ -0.5961**), tebal tangkai landan (rg = 0.5802**), panjang rangkaian bunga (rg ■ -0,6143**), dan panjang tangkai bunga (rg = -0.4907*), sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kiteia seleksi untuk memperoleh jumlah bunga betina banyak per mayang pada lanaman kelapa.Kata kunci: Kelapa, parameter genetik, korelasi, sifat morfologi ABSRACT Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Correlation Between Morphological Traits in Coconut (Cocos nucifera, Linn)The objective of this experiment was to determine genetic parameters and correlation between morphological trails on the coconut population. A total of 19 local coconut populations were collected from some islands in Indonesia, planted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java in 1978 and 1982. The altitude is 450 meters above sea level with climate type Bl Oldeman. The total number of sample is 100 palms for each tall coconut with planting distance 9 x 9 m and 60 palms for each dwarf coconut with planting distance 7 x 7m. The observation was done in two steps i.e.: May - August 1996 on 14 populations and June - August 2000 on 5 populations when the coconut population was 18 years old. A number of 4 palms with 3 replications were observed of each population to measure morphological traits of he stem, leaf and inflorescence. Therefore, the total palms used in the experiment were 19 x 4 x 3 = 228. The results revealed that the genetic vaiability of coconut morphological trait were generally narrow. A few traits i.e.: stem diameter 1 5 m from ground level, stem length of 11 leaf scars, spadix without female flower, and number of female flowers/bunch showed a wide degree of variability. In general, the heritabilily estimates in broad sense and genetic gained in percent for all trails were high, except the henlability of spadix with female flower Irait was lowly. A positive significant genetic correlation were found to the morphology traits of stem with leaf and inllorcsccncc except Uic number of female flower/bunch and number of bunch/palm/ycar. From fifteen traits, only six traits had significant genetic correlation with the number of female flower Ihcy were diameter stem 1 5 m from ground level (rg 0.5215*), stem length of 11 leaf scars (rg - -0.5369'), leaflet width (rg - -0.5961**), peduncle thickness (rg 0.5802**), length of inflorescence (rg -0.6143**), and length of spadix (rg -0.4907*), and these traits could be used as selection criteria for selecting high female flower bunch on the coconut.Keywords ;Cocos nucifera. genetic parameters, correlation, mor- phological trail