Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PENGARUH KETERSEDIAAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI DUA KLON NILAM
No full textTanaman nilam tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada daerah dengan curah hujan relatif tinggi dan merata sepanjang tahun. Tanaman dalam kondisi kekurangan air terus menerus akan mengalami strcs air dan berpengaruh terhadap proses fisiologis, menurunkan permukaan trans- pirasi, luas daun menurun, dan mempercepat dcfiidrasi protoplasma. Penelitian pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi 2 (dua) klon nilam dilakukan di rumah kaca Instalasi Penelitian Cimanggu, Balittro Bogor mulai bulan Nopember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap partumbuhan dan produksi dua klon nilam (klon Sidikalang dan klon Situak) sekaligus diamati pengaruhnya terhadap kadar dan kualitas minyak nilam (rendemen, warna dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag menggunakan tanah kering jenis latosol Cimanggu Bogor yang diaduk dengan pupuk kandang sapi (3:1) sebanyak 10 kg/polibag disusun menggunakan rancangan factorial (dua faktor) dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), diulang 3 kali. Ukuran plot 8 polibag/ perlakuan. Faktor pertama : klon nilam terdiri dari 2 jenis (K) yaitu : Kl = klon Sidikalang dan K2 = klon Situak. Faktor kedua: tingkat ketersediaan air (A) 4 taraf yaitu Al = 25% kapasitas lapang, A2 = 50% kapasitas lapang, A3 = 75% kapasitas lapang, dan A4 = 100 % kapasitas lapang. Peubah yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh tunas, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot daun basah dan bobot daun kering, kadar minyak digambarkan dari rendemen dan kualitas minyak (wana dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk jumlah tunas tidak ada interaksi antara tingkat ketersediaan air dan klon yang diuji, tetapi untuk jumlah daun ada interaksi. Tingkat pemberian air 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) secara keseluruhan memberikan pertumbuhan optimum bagi kedua klon, kecuali untuk parameter jumlah daun. Pada klon Situak. tingkat pemberian air 100% KL yang memberikan jumlah daun terbanyak. Perlakuan ketersediaan air 100% KL pada klon Sidikalang memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya, sedang untuk klon Situak, ketersediaan air pada taraf 75% KL memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi. Rendemen minyak klon Situak dengan tingkat ketersediaan air 25% KL tertinggi (4.0%) dengan wana minyak kuning muda tcrang, diikuti tingkat 50% KL (3.0%) dengan wana minyak kusam/kemh. Kandungan patchouly alkohol klon Situak rata-rata (30%) lebih baik daripada klon Sidikalang, diperoleh dari perlakuan ketersediaan air 25% KL. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk memperoleh petumbuhan dan produksi yang tinggi, ketersediaan air dalam tanah diperlukan antara 75 - 100% KL. Namun, untuk mendapatkan kandungan patchouly alkohol tinggi ketersediaan air yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah yaitu 25 % - 50%) KL.Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, ketersediaan air, petumbuhan, produksi ABSTRACTThe effect of water availability the growth and production of two patchouly clones Patchouly plant grows and produces very well in the area with high and everly rain fall through the year. Plants with continuous shortage of water would face water stress and affect physiologis process, transpiration surface, leaf area and protoplasmic dehydration. Several levels of water needs were tested in this experiment, which was carried out in a glass house of Cimanggu Installation, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor, rom November 1999 to May 2000. The objective was to find out the effect of water availability on two clones of patchouly growth, production and oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The experiment was conducted in polybags using Cimanggu Latosol soil mixed with cow dung (3:1), 10 kg/polybag, arranged in a factorially completely random design with 3 replications. Plot size was 8 polybag/treatment. The first factor was two clones of patchouly : K, = Sidikalang and K2 = Situak. The second factor was 4 levels of water availability: 2J% (A,), 50% (A2). 75% (A,), and 100% (A,) ield capacity (FC). Variables observed were percentage of shoot growth, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight, oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The result showed that there was no interaction between the two factors for number of shoots. Clone of Sidikalang had higher plant height than that of Situak. The water availability of 75% (FC) gave optimum growth for the two clones, except the number of leaves. For Situak the water avaibility of 100% (FC) gave the highest number of leaves. For Sidikalang the water availability of 100% gave the highest dry weight of leaves. Oil rendement for Situak with 25% FC was the highest (4.0) with bright yellow colour. The content of patchouly alcohol for Situak was higher than that of Sidikalang (30%). Therefore, it can be concluded that to obtain the optimum growth and the higest production it needed 75 - 100% (FC) water availability, while for high patchouly alcohol content, it needed buzer the water availability, i.e. 25-50% (FC).Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, water level, growth, productio
PRODUKTIVITAS SOM JAWA (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) PADA BEBERAPA KOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK
No full textProductivity of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. on several of organ ics matter compositionTalinum paniculatum Gaertn. is a tuber producing crop To produce (he optimum yield Ihe crop needs the soil with good physical properties and fertility The soil conditions may be improved by applying organic matter. An experiment was conducted to evaluate Ihe effect of the composition of organic matter (compost, stable manure and casting) on tuber yield of talinum. The experiment was carried out at the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crop. Bogor. from September 1996 to September 1997. in a randomized block designed with four replications. The treatments evaluated were Ihe ratio of soil organic matter, i.e (I) soil, (2) soil + stable manure (3:1); (3) soil + casting (3:1); (4) soil + bamboo leaf compost (3:1): (5) soil + casting + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (6) soil + stable manure + bamboo leaf compost (6:1:1); (7) soil + stable manure ♦ casting (6:1:1). Seedling was planted in polybag containing 20 kg of tested media Plants were applied with I g urea, 3 g TSP and 3 g KCI/polybag as basal dressing, while 2 g of urea was applied as top dressing at 3 months after planting. Plants were harvested at I year after planting Result of experiment found thai 3 kinds of organic matter treatments could increase Ihe number, fresh weight, and dry weight of tuber The highest tuber production were 165.40 g fresh/plant and 26.75 g dried/plant resulted from soil and casting treatment (3 I)
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM BALI (DBI) DAN DALAM SAWARNA (DSA) BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Get PDFABSTRACTKeragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) dan Dalam Sawarna (DSA) dianalisismenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumBiologi Tumbuhan, Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Hayati danBioteknologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Februari-Mei 2007. Bahanyang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 10 individu dari masing-masing populasi. Primer acak digunakan dalam analisis terdiri atas 10primer -10 mer yaitu OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20,OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12, OPB-15, OPB-20. DNA diekstraksimenggunakan metode Rohde yang telah dimodifikasi, konsentrasiditetapkan menggunakan metode Sambrook. Untuk melihat tingkatkekerabatan antar individu berdasarkan pola pita RAPD dari setiap primerdigunakan program NTsys ver. 2,0 (Program Numerical Taxonomy andMultivariate Analysis), sedangkan untuk analisis gerombol digunakanmetode UPGMA untuk membuat dendogram. Koefisien keragaman antarindividu dalam populasi kelapa DBI berkisar antara 2,4% – 30,7% denganrata-rata 21,7%, dan untuk populasi kelapa DSA antara 1,5% – 22,4%dengan rata-rata 12,7%. Jarak genetik individu-individu dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) cukup jauh menunjukkan bahwa keragamangenetik dalam populasi Dalam Bali masih tinggi, sehingga seleksi untukmaksud perbaikan sifat masih sangat memungkinkan. Pada populasikelapa Dalam Sawarna (DSA) jarak genetik individu-individu dalam sudahsemakin sempit, artinya keanekaragaman genetik antar individu di dalampopulasi DSA sudah sangat rendah oleh karena itu seleksi untuk maksudperbaikan sifat harus dilakukan dengan selektif. Hubungan kekerabatanantar populasi kelapa Dalam Bali dan Dalam Sawarna sebesar 44% artinyajarak genetik kedua populasi ini cukup jauh yaitu 56%. Sehingga jikaindividu-individu terseleksi dari kedua populasi tersebut disilangkan, akandiperoleh keturunan yang memilikinilai heterosis tinggi.Kata kunci: Kelapa Dalam Bali, kelapa Dalam Sawarna, keragamangenetik, hubungan kekerabatan, RAPDABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall(DSA) Coconuts Based on Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA (RAPD)Genetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA)coconuts based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) wasobserved. Ten plants were used in each population. The objectives of thisresearch were to determine genetic diversity within-and inter-population ofBali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA) coconuts, and geneticrelationship of those population based on RAPD (Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA). Research was done in Plant Biology Laboratory ofCenter Research of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, InstitutPertanian Bogor, February – May 2007. DNA extraction was done bymodified Rohde method and to determine the concentration and quality ofDNA by Sambrook method. Ten RAPD 10-mer were used namely OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20, OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12,OPB-15, OPB-20. To find out the level of genetic relationship betweenindividuals based on RAPD banding pattern of each primer, we usedNTsys program ver. 2.0 (program Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateAnalysis System), whereas for the analysis of clustering UPGMA methodis used to create a dendogram. These ten RAPD primers could separateDBI and DSA in each group. Genetic diversity within-population of BaliTall coconut population varied from 2.4 to 30.7% with average of 21.7%.So that, opportunity to improve characters in DBI coconut populationcould be done by selection. Genetic diversity within-population ofSawarna Tall coconut population progressively was narrow, ranging from1.5 to 12.4% with average 12.7%, so the selection in order to do characterimprovement in this population could be done selectively. Geneticrelationship between DBI dan DSA populations was far enough (54%), sothe crossing between those population will be good for charactersimprovment.Key words : Bali Tall coconut, Sawarna Tall coconut, genetic diversity,genetic relationship, RAP
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FILANTIN DAN HIPOFILANTIN AKSESI MENIRAN (Phyllanthus sp. L) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT NAUNGAN
Get PDFABSTRAKMeniran adalah anggota dari famili Euphorbiaceae. Lignan, berupafilantin dan hipofilantin yang ada di dalam tanaman, dilaporkan sebagaiagen hepatoprotektif dalam terapi pengobatan yang utama. Eksplorasitelah dilakukan terhadap 13 aksesi meniran pada berbagai tipe habitat yangberbeda di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Gresik, Provinsi Jawa Timur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari aksesi dan tarafnaungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan filantin dan hipofilantintanaman meniran (Phyllanthus sp. L). Penelitian dilakukan di KebunPercobaan IPB di Babakan Sawah Baru, Bogor, Jawa Barat denganketinggian tempat 250 m dml dari Maret 2009 sampai September 2009.Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 kali ulangan.Petak utama adalah 3 taraf naungan (N) terdiri atas : 0% (N0), 25%naungan (N1) dan 50% naungan (N2). Anak petak adalah 13 aksesimeniran (A) terdiri atas : A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11,A12, dan A13 berasal dari Bangkalan dan Gresik. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa naungan 50% meningkatkan tinggi tanaman danmenurunkan jumlah daun majemuk. Terjadi interaksi naungan dan aksesiterhadap jumlah cabang. Uji Duncan menghasilkan 3 kelompok aksesiyang mempunyai respon berbeda terhadap naungan. Aksesi nomor 6 dan 7merupakan aksesi yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassayang lebih besar dibandingkan aksesi lainnya. Aksesi nomor 7 mempunyaikandungan total filantin dan hipofilantin tertinggi, karena pengaruhnaungan dapat menurunkan kandungan total filantin dan meningkatkankandungan total hipofilantin.Kata kunci : Phyllanthus sp. L., filantin, hipofilantin, naungan, aksesiABSTRACTPlant growth and total phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. L accession on variousshading levelsMeniran (Phyllanthus sp. L) is family member of Euphorbiaceae.The lignan, consisting of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in the plant, wasreported as therapeutically active constituent and serve as hepatoprotectiveagent. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect ofshading intensities on plant growth and phyllanthin and hypophyllanthincontents of Phyllanthus sp. accessions. The experiment was arranged insplit plot design with three replicates. The main plot was shading intensityconsisting of 0% (N0), 25% (N1), and 50% (N2) shades. The sub plot wasof Phyllanthus sp. accessions (A) consisting of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, and A13 taken from Bangkalan and Gresik.The results showed that 50% shade increased plant height but decreasednumber of leaves. Interaction between shading intensity and accessiongave significant effect on number of branches. Referring to their responseson shades, all accessions were divided into 3 groups by DMRT. Biomassproductions of accessions number 6 and 7 were greater than the otheraccessions. Accession number 7 was the highest in phyllanthin andhypophyllanthin contents where the shading reduced the phyllanthin butincreased the hypophyllanthin contents.Key words: Phyllanthus sp., phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, shading,accession
PEMBUATAN SERBUK PALA (Myristicafragrans Houtt) INSTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PENGERING SEMPROT
Get PDFABSTRAKProduk utama dari buah pala (Myristicafragrans Houtt) adalah bijipala (tua dan muda) dan fuli. Daging buah pala merupakan bagian terbesardari buah pala (83,3%) tetapi sampai sekarang masih sedikit sekali yangdimanfaatkan di antaranya untuk manisan. Kemungkinan lain peman-faatannya adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi minuman dalam bentukserbuk pala instan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatanserbuk pala instan dengan menggunakan alat pengering semprot (spraydryer) dengan dekstrin dan maltodekstrin sebagai bahan pengisi. Penelitianterdiri dari penelitian pcndahuluan dan penelitian lanjutan. Penelitianpendahuluan bertujuan untuk mencari temperatur inlet optimum pengeringsemprot untuk memperoleh serbuk instan pala, perbandingan buah paladan air dalam pembuatan sari buah pala, perbandingan sari buah pala dansirup glukosa dalam pembuatan sirup pala serta jenis dan konsentrasibahan pengisi yang akan digunakan pada penelitian lanjutan. Dari hasilpenelitian pendahuluan diperoleh temperatur inlet optimum dari pengeringsemprot adalah 180°C. Perbandingan daging buah pala dan air untukpembuatan sari buah pala adalah 1:1 (b/b). Perbandingan sari buah paladengan sirup glukosa untuk pembuatan sirup pala adalah 1 : 1 (b/b).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pendahuluan, perlakuan yang dicobakan padapenelitian utama terdiri dari jenis bahan pengisi (Al = dekstrin, A2 =maltodekstrin) dan konsentrasi bahan pengisi ( Bl= 5%, B2=10%,B3=15%). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acakkelompok dengan ulangan 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemendan karakteristik dari serbuk pala instan yang terdiri dari kadar air, kadarabu, kadar total asam tertitrasi, pH, kadar vitamin c dan kelarutan. Untukmenentukan tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap serbuk pala instandilakukan uji organoleptik terhadap 20 panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa jenis dan konsentrasi bahan pengisi berpengaruh terhadapkarakteristik dari serbuk pala instan serta derajat kesukaan dari panelisterhadap serbuk pala instan tersebut. Perlakuan terbaik yang dipilihberdasarkan tingginya rendemen dan karakteristik dari serbuk pala instanserta tingkat kesukaan dari panelis, yaitu dekstrin sebagai bahan pengisipada tingkat konsentrasi 15% pada kondisi proses pengering semprot dankondisi pembuatan sirup seperti di atas.Kata kunci: Pala, Miristicafragrans Houtt, prosesing, buah pala, serbukinstan, dekstrin, maltodekstrin, spray dryer, Bogor, JawaBaratABSTRACTInstant nutmeg (Myristica fragrance Houtt) powderformulation using spray dryerThe main product of nutmeg (Myristicafragrans Houtt) are nutmegseed (mature and immature) and fuly. The meat is the biggest part ofnutmeg fruit (about 83.3%) only small portion is used for sweet products.The other opportunity is to process it for instant powder beverage. Theobjective of this experiment was to formulate the instant nutmeg powderusing spray dryer with dextrin and maltodextrin as the filler substances.The activity consisted of preliminary and main experiments. The aim ofthe preliminary experiment was to find out that the optimum inlettemperature of spray drying process to get nutmeg instant powder, theratio of nutmeg and water to make nutmeg juice, the ratio of nutmeg juiceand glucose syrup to make nutmeg syrup, type and concentration of fillersubtances which would be used in the main experiment. From thepreliminary experiment it was found out that the optimum inlettemperature was 180°C . The ratio of nutmeg shell and water to makenutmeg juice was 1:1 (w/w). The ratio of nutmeg juice and glucose syrupto make nutmeg syrup was 1:1 (w/w). Based on the preliminaryexperiment, the treatments applied in the main experiment were type offiller substances (Al = dextrin and A2 = maltodextrin) and concentrationof filler subtances (Bl = 5%, B2= 10% and B3 = 15%). The experimentused randomized block design with three replications. The parametersobserved were yield, water content, ash content, vitamin C content, pH andsolubility. To find out the consumer preference the organoleptic test wasdone to 20 panels. The result of the experiment showed that type andconcentration of filler subtances and also replication influenced thecharacteristic of the instant nutmeg powder produced as well as theconsumer preference. Based on the high yield of the instant nutmegpowder, its characteristics and consumer preference, the best treatmentwas dextrin as the filler substance with 15% concentration.Key words : Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans Houtt, processing, nutmegfruit, instant powder, dextrin, maltodextrin, spray dryer,Bogor, West Jav
SKRINING GENOTIPE KAPAS (Gossypium sp.) UMUR GENJAH BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI
Get PDFABSTRAKPenggunaan genotipe berumur genjah di daerah pengembangankapas yang mempunyai musim hujan pendek dapat dilakukan karenagenotipe genjah dapat lolos dari kekeringan yang terjadi pada akhirmusim. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian,Lumajang dan di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Februarisampai dengan September 2008. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan genotipe kapas berumur genjah berdaya hasil tinggi sehinggadapat digunakan sebagai kultivar komersial atau sebagai tetua di dalamperakitan kultivar baru. Sebagai perlakuan digunakan 40 genotipe kapashasil introduksi termasuk KI. 243 TAMCOT SP-37 yang digunakansebagai pembanding umur genjah dan KI. 28 SK 32 sebagai pembandingumur dalam. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK)dengan dua ulangan. Setiap genotipe ditanam dalam petakan berukuran 3 x10 m 2 dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm satu tanaman per lubang.Pupuk yang diberikan yaitu ZA, urea, SP-36, dan KCl masing-masingdengan dosis 100 kg/ha. Pemeliharaan tanaman disesuaikan dengankebutuhan tanaman. Jumlah hujan selama pertumbuhan tanaman diAsembagus sebesar 123 mm dalam 13 hari hujan (hh) dengan ditambahdua kali pengairan, sedangkan di Pasirian sebesar 411 mm dalam 34 hhtidak ada tambahan pengairan. Parameter yang diamati adalah: hasil kapasberbiji, hasil dan persentase panen pertama, umur tanaman, jumlah danbobot buah, skor kerusakan daun akibat serangan A. biguttula, jumlah buludaun, dan mutu serat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah delapan genotipeyang berumur genjah (umur 132-133 hari), persentase panen pertama >80%, dengan hasil kapas berbiji > 1900 kg/ha. Ke delapan genotipetersebut adalah KI 83 Var 731N x 1656-12-76-2, KI 95 Var 619-998 x541-2-3-77-2-2, KI 96 HG P-6-3, KI 97 Var 7042-5W-79N, KI 119 Var1073-16-6 x 491L-619-4-77, KI 122 NC-177-16-C2, KI 675 PSJ I dan KI243 TAMCOT SP 37. Mutu serat genotipe-genotipe terpilih memenuhisyarat untuk industri tekstil dalam negeri maupun untuk duniaperdagangan yaitu: kehalusan serat 4,0 – 4,9 mic (sedang), kekuatan serat29,0 - 31,7 g/tex. (rendah - sedang), panjang serat 1,19 - 1,42 inci atau30,2 – 36,0 mm (panjang - sangat panjang), kerataan serat 85,4 - 87,2%,dan mulur serat 5,2 - 6,1%. Genotipe KI 83 Var 731N x 1656-12-76-2,KI 95 Var 619-998 x 541-2-3-77-2-2, dan KI 675 PSJ I memiliki rata-rata produktivitas kapas berbiji paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 2.419, 2.470,dan 2.503 kg/ha. Semua genotipe terpilih rentan terhadap Amrascabiguttula.Kata kunci : Gossypium sp., umur genjah, produksi tinggi, mutu serat,Amrasca biguttulaABSTRACTScreening of Early Maturing High Yielding Cotton(Gossypium sp.) GenotypesEarly maturing genotypes can be grown in cotton cultivation areawith short rainy season due to escaping from drought in a late season. Theresearch was conducted in Pasirian Lumajang and in AsembagusSitubondo Experimental Stations, East Java, from February to September2008. Objective of the study was to find out high yielding early maturingcotton genotypes which could be used as commercial varieties or as parentlines for engineering new varieties. As many as 40 introduced cottongenotypes were tested including KI 243 TAMCOT SP-37 and KI 28 SK32 used as control for early and late maturing genotypes. All genotypeswere arranged in a randomized block design with two replicates. Plot sizewas 3 x 10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing, one plant per hill.Fertilizer dosage were 100 kg ZA + 100 kg urea + 100 kg SP-36 + 100 kgKCl per hectare. During the growing period, the plants at Asembagus werewatered with 123 mm rain within 13 rainy days and two times extrairrigation. While in Pasirian, they were watered only with 411 rain within34 rainy days. Parameters observed were: Total seedcotton yield,seedcotton yield at first harvest, persentage of first harvest, maturity date,bolls count, bolls weight, score of leaf damage caused by A. biguttula, leafhair density, and cotton fiber quality. From the experiment there had beenselected eight early maturing (at 132-133 days) genotypes, with firstpicking percentage more than 80%, and productivity more than 1900 kgscottonseed per hectare. The selected genotypes were KI 83 Var 731N x1656-12-76-2, KI 95 Var 619-998 x 541-2-3-77-2-2, KI 96 HG P-6-3,KI 97 Var 7042-5W-79N, KI 119 Var 1073-16-6 x 491L-619-4-77, KI122NC-177-16-C2, KI 675 PSJ I and KI 243 TAMCOT SP 37. Cotton fiberquality of those genotypes suitable for domestic textile industries as wellas for bussiness, i.e: micronair 4.0 – 4.9 mic (average), fiber strength29.0 – 31.7 g/tex. (low – average), fiber length 1.19 – 1.42 inch or 30.2 –36.80 mm (long – very long), uniformity 85.4 – 87.2%, and elongation5.2 – 6.1. Averaged seed cotton productivities of KI 83 Var 731N x 1656-12-76-2, KI 95 Var 619-998 x 541-2-3-77-2-2 and KI 675 PSJ Igenotypes were around 2419, 2470, dan 2503 kg/ha, respectively. All theselected genotypes were susceptible to Amrasca biguttula.Key words : Gossypium sp., early maturing, high yielding, fiber quality,Amrasca biguttul
PENULARAN PENYAKIT KERDIL PADA TANAMAN LADA OLEH TIGA JENIS SERANGGA VEKTOR
Get PDFABSTRAKPenyakit kerdil merupakan salah satu penyakit penting padatanaman lada (Piper nigrum L.), yang disebabkan oleh dua jenis virus,yaitu Piper Yellow Mottle Virus (PYMV) yang ditularkan oleh kutu putih(Planococcus minor dan Ferrisia virgata); dan Cucumo Mosaic Virus(CMV) yang pernah dilaporkan ditularkan oleh Aphis gossypii. Penelitiantentang penyakit ini telah dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca untukmengetahui kemampuan serangga vektor P. minor, F. virgata dan A.gossypii dalam menularkan penyakit. Serangga tersebut diberi makanselama 24 jam pada tanaman lada yang terserang penyakit kerdil,kemudian serangga dipindahkan ke bibit lada sehat selama 24 (A. gossypii)dan 48 jam (P. minor dan F. virgata). Pada setiap jenis serangga diuji 1, 3,7 dan 10 ekor per tanaman. Dengan cara yang sama dilakukan pulapengujian lanjutan penularan dengan A. gossypii (sebanyak 10 ekorserangga per tanaman) dengan menggunakan tiga sumber tanaman sakityang berbeda (tanaman sakit asal Bangka, asal Sukabumi dan Bogor).Selain itu dilakukan penularan secara mekanik dengan menggunakanketiga sumber inokulum. Tanaman yang telah diperlakukan diinkubasikandi rumah kaca. Deteksi virus dilakukan dengan ELISA denganmenggunakan antiserum dari Agdia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaP. minor dan F. virgata dapat menularkan penyakit kerdil ke tanaman ladahingga 100%, sedangkan penularan dengan A. gossypii tidak menunjukkangejala, tetapi pada pengujian lanjutan dengan A. gossypii memperlihatkanbeberapa tanaman bergejala. Dari penelitian ini terungkap kutu putihmerupakan serangga vektor PYMV yang sangat efisien, sedangkan A.gossypii dapat berperan sebagai vektor CMV dengan kemampuanpenularan masih terbatas.Kata kunci : Piper nigrum L., penyakit kerdil, Ferrisia virgata,Planococcus minor, Aphis gossypii, CMV dan PYMV,penularanABSTRACTTransmission of stunted growth disease on black pepperby three insect vectorsStunted growth disease is one of the most important diseases onblack pepper caused by Piper Yellow Mottle Virus (PYMV) transmitted byMealybugs (Planococcus minor and Ferrisia virgata) and Cucumo MosaicVirus (CMV) transmitted by Aphis gossypii. These experiments wereconducted at laboratory and green house to examine the capability of theinsects in transmitting the disease. The insects were fed on black pepperplant for 24 hours, then transferred to healthy black pepper seedlings for24 hours (A. gossypii) and 48 hours (P. minor and F. virgata). Each plantwas treated with 1, 3, 7 and 10 insects. Other disease transmission test withA. gossypii was carried out using the similar method, but each plant wastreated with 10 insects and used three source plants (disease plant fromBangka, Sukamulya/Sukabumi and Bogor). Disease mechanicaltransmission was also carried out to black pepper plant using the threesources of disease plant treated plants were incubated in the glass house.ELISA was used for disease confirmation with antiserum from Agdia.The results showed that high transmission rate (up to 100%) were obtainedin transmission with P. minor and F. virgata . No disease symptoms wereshown in black pepper seedlings treated with A. gossypii. In the othertransmission test, however, some plants showed symptoms. The similarsymptoms were also seen on black pepper plants which were mechanicallyinoculated. The ELISA showed that the plants were positive for CMV.These experiments suggested that P. minor and F. virgata are veryefficient vectors for PYMV, Whereas A. gossypii was confirmed as vectorof CMV of black pepper with limited ability in transmitting the disease.Key words : Black pepper, stunted growth disease, Ferrisia virgata,Planococcus minor, Aphis gossypii, CMV, PYMV,transmissi
MODEL PENDUGAAN KANDUNGAN AIR, LEMAK DAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA TIGA PROVENAN BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI INFRAMERAH DEKAT DENGAN METODE PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE (PLS)
Get PDFABSTRAKJarak pagar berpotensi sebagai sumber biodiesel karena kandunganlemak yang tinggi (>40%) dan belum ada penggunaan lainnya.Spektroskopi (Near Infrared) NIR adalah metode yang cepat untukmengukur spektrum sampel dan tidak terdapat limbah kimia. Tujuanpenelitian adalah mengembangkan metode pendugaan komposisi kimiabeberapa provenan jarak pagar berdasarkan spektroskopi NIRmenggunakan kalibrasi PLS. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan tigaprovenan jarak pagar yaitu IP-3A, IP-3M, dan IP-3P masing-masing 85sampel. Spektrum reflektansi diukur menggunakan alat NIRFlex SolidsPetri pada panjang gelombang 1000–2500 nm. Sekitar ⅔ jumlah sampeldigunakan untuk mengembangkan persamaan kalibrasi dan ⅓ jumlahsampel untuk validasi. Pra perlakuan data spektrum dilakukan dengannormalisasi antara 0-1, turunan pertama Savitzky-Golay 9 titik dangabungan keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektroskopi NIRdapat menduga kadar air, lemak, dan asam lemak bebas . Koefisienkorelasi (r) antara komponen kimia metode acuan dengan dugaan NIR>0,83 menunjukkan ketepatan model cukup baik (r kadar air=0,96, r kadarlemak=0,92, dan r ALB=0,89 ). Konsistensi model kalibrasi kadarair=94,85%, lemak=82,56%, dan ALB=87,80%. Koefisien keragamandugaan (Prediction Coeficient Variability/PCV) ketiga model <10%menunjukkan model yang dibangun cukup handal. Ratio of standard errorprediction to deviation (RPD) menunjukkan metode spektroskopi NIRdapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar air (RPD=3,30) dan lemak(RPD=2,06). Model-model yang dikembangkan secara umum layakuntuk menentukan kadar air dan lemak biji jarak pagar, tetapi belumoptimal untuk penentuan kadar ALB biji jarak pagar.Kata kunci: NIR , jarak pagar, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar asam lemakbebasABSTRACTPhysic nut is a potential source of biodiesel. It is high in fat content,above 40% and has not been usesed for other purposes. Moisture, free fattyacid, and fat content are the chemical compounds and determinant factorfor physic nut seed quality. The objective of this study was to develop amethod to predict chemical composition of physic nut by NIRspectroscopy and PLS calibration. The study was conducted using threeprovenances of physic nut, i.e. IP-3A, IP-3M, and IP-3P, with 85 sampleseach. The wavelengths of near infrared reflectance ranged from 1000 to2500 nm, and measured by NIR Flex Solids Petri Apparatus.Approximately ⅔ of total samples were used for developing calibrationequation, while ⅓ of total samples for performing validation. Pre-treatmentof spectrum data was done by applying normalization, first derivative ofSavitzky–Golay 9 points, and as well as their combination. The resultsshowed that NIR spectroscopy performed acceptable prediction formoisture and fat content. Correlation coefficients (r) between the referencemethod and NIR prediction were 0.96 for moisture content, 0.92 for fatcontent, and 0.89 for FFA and the consistency of the model were 94.85%for moisture content, 82.56% for fat, and 87.80% for FFA. Prediction ofcoefficient of variability (PCV) of the three models ≤10 % shows that themodels are reliable. Ratio of standard error prediction to deviation (RPD)for moisture content has the potential to be used for screening (RPD=3.30)though the fat content model has rough screening (RPD=2.06).Key words: NIR, physic nut, moisture, fat, free fatty acid contents
PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU Helopeltis antonii PADA TANAMAN JAMHU MENTE
No full textIntegrated Pesl Control Research of // antonii on cashew was studied out in Wonogiri, Central Java from May lo December 2000. Ihe objective of the study was lo obtain Ihe efective eonlrol method Spill plot design was used. Ihe main plots were intercropping system of cashew with (a) niunghcan and (b) mixed of cassava, peanut and maize, The subplots were treatments of (a) benomyl without B bassiana. (b) R bassiana without benomyl, and (c) eonlrol The concentation of benomyl used were 2 g per liter, while for II. bassiana 11) g per liter containing I. I x 10* conidias. Treatments were applied on Ihe beginning of October 2000, and observations were done twice in one month. The area needed for all plots were 24 000 m1 (4 replications). Hie asscsments consisted of (a) number of //. antonii eggs, nymphs and its natural enemies, (b) number of flowers and shoots attacked, and (c) cashew nut per tree. The result showed thai there was interaction between the Iwo factor tested. Mix-cropping with R bassiana reduced //. antonii population on cashew and increased productivity from 3.85 kg lo 5.33 kg per tree. These treatments were therefore recommended for controlling the pest
COST OF PRODUCTION AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORGANIC SITRONELA AGRIBUSINESS
Get PDFThe cost production and business feasibility is useful in determining the price cost, and decision making for future business development of organic citonella. The research was conducted at the PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi in Jonggol - Bogor Regency in April 2019. Analysis of the cost of production was carried out by the full costing method. The feasibility test was carried out with several investment feasibility criteria, namely B/C ratio, NPV and IRR.Data collection was done by interviewing key informants, namely: producers and farmers of organic citronella using snowball sampling. The results showed that price cost of seeds, herbs and oil of organic sitronela were Rp.103,00/cuttings, Rp662,00/kg and Rp205.757,00/kg. The Organic sitronela nursery and herbs were feasible, at 7% / year interest rates, each produced Net B/C ratio were 4,7% and NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, and B/C ratio of 1.05, NPV of Rp49.024.781,00 and IRR 17,92% for eleven ha Organic citronella cultivation produced essential oil content of 0.35% to 0.7% lower than inorganic cultivation >1%, thus impact on higher cost of product. In order for the cultivation of organic citronella to develop, the selling price of oil should be more expensive than inorganic citronella oil.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organic, cost price, business feasibility AbstrakANALISA BIAYA POKOK DAN KELAYAKAN AGRIBISNIS SERAI WANGI ORGANIKPerhitungan harga pokok dan kelayakan usaha sangat bermanfaat dalam menetapkan harga jual, dan pengambilan keputusan untuk pengembangan usaha serai wangi organik. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi di Jonggol – Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan April 2019. Analisis harga pokok produksi dilakukan dengan metode full costing. Uji kelayakan dilakukan dengan kriteria kelayakan investasi yaitu B/C ratio, NPV dan IRR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada informan kunci yaitu: produsen serai wangi organik dan petani penggarap menggunakan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha agribisnis serai wangi organik menghasilkan harga pokok benih, daun dan minyak masing-masing sebesar Rp103,00/stek, Rp662,00/kg dan Rp205.757,00/kg. Usahatani benih dan daun serai wangi organik layak diusahakan, pada suku bunga 7%/tahun. Untuk usaha benih diperoleh B/C 4,7 dan NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, serta untuk usaha daun diperoleh B/C 1,05, NPV Rp49.024.781,00 dan IRR 17,92 % per delapan ha. Budidaya serai wangi organik menghasilkan kadar minyak atsiri 0,35-0,7% lebih rendah dari pada budidaya anorganik (>1%), sehingga berdampak pada harga pokok produk yang lebih tinggi. Agar budidaya serai wangi organik berkembang, harga jual minyak seharusnya lebih mahal dari minyak serai wangi anorganik.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organik, harga pokok, kelayakan usah