Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PENAMPILAN HASIL PERSILANGAN NOMOR-NOMOR HARAPAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Get PDFABSTRAKJambu mete merupakan tanaman introduksi yang telah beradaptasidan berkembang dengan baik di Indonesia, namun sampai saat iniproduktivitas dan mutunya masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan produk-tivitas dan mutu gelondong telah dilakukan persilangan dari tahun 1994sampai 1995 antara nomor harapan dengan produksi tinggi namun berberatgelondong kecil (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura dan A-Tegineneng)dengan nomor yang memiliki berat gelondong besar (S-Segayung).Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengah.Sebanyak sepuluh kombinasi hasil persilangan tetua betina dengan tetuajantan yaitu CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS, AxS, dantetuanya ditanam pada tahun 1996 menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok, dengan jarak tanam 6 x 6 meter, diulang tiga kali denganjumlah tanaman per unit 6 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggitanaman, lingkar batang, lebar kanopi, produksi dan berat gelondong.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada empat tahun pertama,pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi dan lebar tajuk sangat pesat. Memasukimasa produksi pertumbuhan agak melambat. Pada awal pertumbuhan,tinggi dan lebar tajuk antar kombinasi persilangan bervariasi, namunsetelah memasuki usia produksi tinggi dan lebar tajuk tanaman relatif sama,kecuali pada kombinasi FxM dan MxS tanamannya lebih pendek sertaCxF dan MxS memiliki tajuk sempit. Pada awal produksi kombinasi CxAdan FxS memiliki produksi tertinggi, namun pada tahun ke-6 setelahtanam produksi tertinggi adalah FxS dan CxS. Kombinasi persilangandengan tetua jantan S menghasilkan tanaman yang memiliki buah semudan berat gelondong yang lebih besar yaitu 7,10 – 8,41 g per butir denganberat kernel 2,03 – 2,33 g/butir, berat gelondong tetua lokal (3-4 g/butir).Persilangan dengan S dapat memperbaiki sifat berat gelondong sebesar77,5 – 112% dari tetua lokal, sekalipun demikian berat gelondong tersebutmasih di bawah berat gelondong tetua S (11 – 13 g/butir). Tetua S cocokdigunakan sebagai tetua untuk meningkatkan mutu gelondong (berat) padatanaman jambu mete.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., persilangan,hibrida, hasil, mutu, Jawa TengahABSTRACTGrowth, yield and quality performances of cashew(Anacardium occidentale L.) resulted from hybridization Cashew is not an Indonesian native plant. Although it has been welladapted and widely cultivated in Indonesia, its productivity and nut qualityis still low. To improve productivity and nut quality, ten crossingcombinations were made among and between high yielding lines withsmall nut size (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura and A-Tegineneng) anda line with big nut size (S-Segayung). The crosses were made from 1994 to1995 at Muktihardjo Experimental Garden, Pati, Central Java. Ten hybridcombinations, i.e. CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS,AxS, and its parents were planted in 1996 in a randomized block designwith three replications, plant spacing 6 x 6 m and 6 plants per unit.Parameters observed were growth rates indicated by plant height, canopysize and trunk circumference and yield and nut weight. The hybrid plantsshowed fast vegetative growth indicated by increase in plant height, trunkcircumference and canopy diameter with more than 1.5 m per year at thefirst four years, then decline when entered the reproductive stage.Growth rate at the vegetative stage varied among crossing combinations,then tend to be similar at the reproductive stage, except for FxM and MxS,the plants were smaller that the others. At the first few bearing years,CxA and FxS produced high yield, but at 6 years after planting, the highestyield was obtained from FxS and CxS combinations. Crossingcombination with S as the male parent showed variation in fruit and nutweight, 7,10 – 8,41 g per nut with kernel weight 2.03 – 2.33 g, bigger thanthe nut weight of the local varieties (3-4 g). Crossing with S as the maleparent improved nut weight of the local varieties by 77,5 – 112%, but theweight was still below the nut weight of the S parent (11 – 13 g/nut). TheS parent is suitable as the male parent for improving nut quality in cashew.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium accidentale L., intervariety crossing,hybrid, yield, quality, Central Jav
EVALUASI POTENSI PRODUKSI BUNGA YLANG-YLANG
No full textTanaman ylang-ylang (Canangium odoratum f. genumea), merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang nilainya cukup tinggi. Evaluasi potensi produksi bunga bertujuan untuk mendapatkan individu- individu yang produksi bunganya linggi untuk diteliti lebih lanjut dalam mendapatkan pohon unggul sebagai sumber benih Penelilian dilakukan di Sukamulya lahun 2000-2002 pada areal petanaman 1 ha (± 200 pohon) Petanaman berumur 12-15 tahun Evaluasi dilakukan dalam 2 tahap. Pada lahap petama, evaluasi dilakukan secara visual. Pohon-pohon yang dipilih adalah pohon dengan penampilan baik dengan ciri-ciri morfologis khas ylang-ylang, yaitu berbatang lurus, percabangan terkulai, permukaan batang licin dan terdapat bekas cabang (scars). Dari sekitar 200 pohon (erpilih 15 pohon yang berpenampilan paling baik. Pada lahap kedua, ke 1 5 pohon tersebut diamati petumbuhan dan produksi bunganya selama tiga tahun berturut-turut Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa petumbuhan yang meliputi lingkar batang dan jumlah cabang tidak berbeda antar pohon. Sebaliknya produksi bunga sangat beragam antar pohon. Rata-rata produksi selama liga tahun berkisar antara 652-12 551 g/ph/tahun. Berdasarkan produktivitas dan fluktuasi produksi antar musim telah tcrpilih lima pohon yang produksi bunganya paling tinggi, yaitu No. 2/143, 8/06, 12/64, 14'113, dan 15/16 dengan produksi masing-masing 7 177, 8 352; 7 177; 12 551, dan 12 398 g/ph.Kata kunci : Canangium odoratum f. genumea, cvaluasi, potensi produksi ABSTRACT Evaluation of the potency offlower yield of Ylang-ylangYlang-ylang (Canangium odoratum f genumea) is the essential oil producing crop, which has high economic value. An evaluation of yield potential was aimed al selecting high yielding individuals which arc futher selected lo produce outstanding individuals as seed source. The evaluation was conducted in Sukamulya (Sukabumi) from 2000-2002 on the area of I ha ((+ 200 trees) Ihe trees was 1 2-15 years old. The evaluation was performed in 2 stages In Ihe irst stage the evaluation was conducted visually and based on Ihe specific morphological characters of ylang-ylang, which has erect trunk, plain surface, drooping branches and showing scars on Ihe surface of the trunk. From about 200 trees, 15 trees were selected as showing ihe best performance. In the second stage, the 15 selected trees were evaluated for their growth performance, including trunk circumference, number of branches and yield of fresh flowers for 3 years. Result showed that the trunk circumferences and the number of branches were nol different among the trees On the other hand, the yield of flowers was greatly variable, cither between the trees or between seasons. The average yield of flower in 3 year observation ranged from 652 to 12 551 g-'trcc/ycar. Based on the productivity the highest yielding trees were No. 2/143, 8/06, 12/64, 14/113, and 15/16 with the yield of flowers 7 177, 8 352; 7 177; 12 551, and 12 398 g'tree/ycar respectively.Key words : Canangium odoratum f. genumea. evaluation, yield potenc
POLA PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN HARA Echinacea purpurea
No full textGrowth pattern and nutrient uptake of Echinacea purpureaEchinacea purpurea or purple cone flower, belongs lo Aslcraceac family which grown naturally in Noth America. The plant known as is Ihe number one Immune herbs in the world, since it has a greal potential lor improving and developing leukocyte cell activity. Recently, Echinacea has been evalualcd/tcsled as adjuvant in cancer therapy, AIDS and chronic exhaustion. Echinacea purpurea is more potential for immunity improvement lhan those of other herbal medicine. Therefore, the study on its growlh rale, growth pattern, and nutrient uptake in a new tropical environmental condition is very important in order lo suppot its cultivation technology, lo identify the growth pattern, growlh rale, nutrient uptake, and simplisia quality. A ield trial had been conducted in Cipanas at 1 100 m above sea level (asl) in 1999-2000. Plot size was 4x3 m, and plant spacing was 50 x 40 cm. Ten samples was taken from each growth stage of the plants. The growth stages were (I) vegetative I (VI) at I month alter planting (map), (2) vegetative 2 (V2) al 1 .5 map, (3) generative I (Gl) at 2 0 map, (4) generative 2 (G2) at 2.5 map. (5) generative 3 (G3) at 3.0 map. and (6) generative 4 (G4) al 3.5 map. The results of the research showed thai growth rate, nutrient uptake of N, P. K. Mg. and S linearly increased in line with Ihe increase of plan! ages The highest dry weight accumulation was found on aerial part of plant (slem I leal), and the lowest was occurred on root pat. The amount of dry weight accumulation was 75.72 g/plnul. and nutrient uptake oIN, P. K.Ca, Mg, and S. respective!) was 1529.1. 1 40.01. 1943.25, 654.59. 358.66. and 88.57 mg/plant
PENGGUNAAN DUA MODEL POLATANAM PADI (Oryza sativa) DAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DENGAN DASAR KELAPA DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI - JAWA BARAT
No full textProduktivitas lahan, tanaman dan pendapatan pctani pekebun kelapa pada umumnya rendah. Salah satu usaha untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan menanam berbagai jenis tanaman sela di antara kelapa atau disebut polatanam campuran. Untuk mengetahui penggunaan dua model pola¬ tanam padi dan kacang tanah di antara kelapa yang lebih produktif dan menguntungkan telah dilakukan penelitian di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan jenis tanah podsolik merah kuning, tipe iklim Cl (Oldeman), dan kctinggian tempat 250 m dpi. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara on farm dengan menggunakan mctode observasi dimulai dai bulan Juni 1999 sampai dengan Maret 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dua model polatanam yaitu : (1) padi dan kacang tanah (75% : 25%); (2) padi dan kacang tanah (50% 50%) dengan dasar kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dua model polatanam (padi + kacang tanah) campuran berpengaruh positif terhadap tanaman pokok kelapa, khususnya pada karaktcr jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina, setting buah dan produksi nira. Produktivitas tanaman sela padi pada dua model yang diuji sangat rendah. Produktivitas padi pada model satu adalah 798 kg dan model dua 496 kg gabah kenngpanen atau masing-masing setara dengan 1 064 kg dan 992.0 kg gabah keing panen/ha petanaman kelapa. Produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah pada dua model yang diuji cukup tinggi. Produktivitas kacang tanah pada model satu adalah 670 kg dan model dua I 220 kg polong basah atau masing-masing setara dengan 2 680 kg dan 2 440 kg polong basah/ha petanaman kelapa. Hasil. analisis finansial menunjukkan, bahwa model polatanam satu memberikan keuntungan Rp. 904 300/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.12 dan LKM 0.0495, sedang model dua membei keuntungan Rp. 1 367 800/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.17 dan LKM 0.0333.Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Oryza saliva, Arachis hipogea, polatanam campuran, Sukabumi ABSTRACT Two model of rice (Oryza sativa> and peanut (Arachis hipogea) cropping system on coconut land in Sukabumi Regency -West JavaThe productivity of coconut smallholder's income, in general, is still low. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to introduce some intercrops in the coconut land. This study was conducted in Cainginnunggal Village, Ciracap, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, rom June 1999 to March 2000. The soil is red yellow podsolic, the climate is C (Oldeman), the altitude is 250 m above sea level. This research used on-farm method with two models, namely (1) ice and peanut 75%: The results of the research showed that the intercropping of rice and peanut on coconut land had good effect on coconut as the main crop, particularly on the coconut leaf number, female lower number, ruit setting, and toddy production. The productivity of ice as the intercrop was very low. On the first model was 798 kg and on the second model was 496 kg harvest dry seed or eqivalent to 1.046 kg and 992 kg harvest dry seed/ha of coconut land. The productivity of peanut as Ihe intercrop was better. On the first model was 670 kg and on the second model was I 220 kg resh pods/ha of coconut land. The results of the financial analysis indicated that the first model gave profit Rp. 904 300/ha/year, B/C ratio 1. 12 and minimum farm size is 0.0495; while me second model gave Rp. 1 367 800/ha/year, B/C ratio 1.17 and minimum farm size 0.0333.Key words : Cocos nucifera, Oryza sativa, Arachis hipogea, coconut cropping pattern, Sukabum
PENGARUH DIAMETER PIRINGAN DAN ELASTISITAS KARET PENGUPAS TERHADAP KINERJA ALAT PENGUPAS LADA TIPE PIRINGAN
No full textTo produce while pepper using traditional method, the ripe berries are soaked in a river or a pond for 10-14 days prior to decorticating. To improve the traditional method. Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops has designed pepper decorticator to support the white pepper processing. This decorticator has a good function, hut its performance still need to be improved, as it still produces high percentage of white pepper damage. This experiment was aimed to at improving (he performance of the pepper decorticator. The experiment was conducted from July to Ocktobcr 1999 and divided into two steps i.e. preliminary and main experiment. The treatments applied on Ihe main experiment were (I) disc diameter (18, 20, and 22 cm) and (2) rubber elasticity (5.34, 7.74, 9.79, and 15.02 N/mm). The experiment was designed as a completely randomized, arranged factorially in three replications. The pepper variety used for the experiment was Lampung Daun Lebar. The disc distance of pepper decorticator in this experiment was set at 3.5 cm based on the preliminary experiment. Results showed that the optimal disc diameter and nibber elasticity was 20 cm and 7.74 N/mm respectively. Decorticator performance on the optimal condition were : decorticated pepper 97.25%, white pepper damage as pepper defect 2.46% and as broken pepper 1.98% respectively and the capacity of decorticator was 42.27 kg/hours. In general, the quality of while pepper produced met the National Standard of Indonesia
PENGARUH LOKASI PRODUKSI DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU BENIH JAHE (Zingiber officinale L.)
Get PDFABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya jahe (Zingiber officinaleL.) adalah masih rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu jahe, yang antara laindisebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan tanaman/benih yang masih asalan/kurang memenuhi persyaratan. Usaha untuk penyediaan benih yangbermutu di antaranya dapat dilakukan dengan penanaman di daerah yangtepat serta menyimpan benih dengan cara yang baik dan benar. Sampaisaat ini informasi mengenai mutu benih jahe dari lokasi produksi(ketinggian tempat, jenis lahan dan jenis tanah) yang berbeda masihterbatas. Oleh karena itu, percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untukmempelajari mutu fisik dan fisiologik benih jahe dari lokasi produksiyang berbeda selama periode penyimpanan. Percobaan dilakukan di daerahsentra produksi jahe di Dusun Cipanas, Desa Werasari, KecamatanBantarujek, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli sampaiNovember 2003, dengan menggunakan tiga jenis jahe yaitu: Jahe PutihBesar/JPB (Z. officinale var. officinale), Jahe Putih Kecil /JPK (Z.officinale var. amarum), dan Jahe Merah/JM (Z. officinale var. rubrum).Untuk masing-masing jenis jahe diperlakukan dengan kombinasi lokasiproduksi dan lama penyimpanan. Untuk masing-masing jenis jahepercobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi (RPT) dengan tigaulangan. Petak utama yaitu asal lokasi produksi benih: (1) Cipanaslingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 600 m dpl, lahan sawah tadahhujan, tekstur tanah liat berpasir, kemiringan 0-10% dan (2). Cipicunglingkungan tumbuh dengan tinggi tempat ± 800 m dpl, lahan tegalan,tekstur tanah debu berpasir, kemiringan 10-20%. Anak petak yaitu periodepenyimpanan : 0, 1, 2, dan 3 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadarair benih, penyusutan bobot benih dan daya tumbuh benih. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk masing-masing jenis jahe (JPB,JPK, dan JM) yang berasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung, mempunyaimutu fisik (kadar air dan penyusutan bobot rimpang) tidak nyatadipengaruhi oleh interaksi lokasi produksi dan lama penyimpanan, sertafaktor tunggal lokasi produksi, tetapi nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktortunggal lama penyimpanan Setelah tiga bulan penyimpanan kadar airbenih rimpang dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung untuk JPB masih82,43% dan 80,67%, JPK kadar airnya masih 84,16% dan 81,31%, danJM 69,49% dan 65,88%. Penyusutan bobot rimpang untuk masing-masingjenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB14,44% dan 14,82% ; JPK 17,84% dan 26,11% ; JM 48,40% dan 37 14%.Daya tumbuh benih setelah 3 bulan penyimpanan untuk masing-masingjenis jahe dari lokasi produksi Cipanas dan Cipicung sebagai berikut : JPB92,00- 93,32%, JPK 85,33- 86,67% dan JM 86,67-89,33%. Kadar airbenih/rimpang jahe menurun, sedangkan penyusutan bobot rimpangmeningkat sejalan dengan lamanya penyimpanan. JPB, JPK dan JM yangberasal dari Cipanas maupun Cipicung dapat disimpan selama tiga bulan,tanpa mengalami penurunan mutu fisik dan fisiologik yang berarti.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale, lokasi produksi benih, lamapenyimpanan, mutu benihABSTRACTProduction effect of locations and storage periods onginger seeds qualityProblems of ginger cultivation are low productivity and quality ofginger due to low quality of ginger seed for planting materials. Highquality of ginger seed will be achieved by planting ginger seed in suitableplace and methods. Recently, the information concerning the quality ofginger seed from different production location (altitude, soil types andarea) is still limited. Based on the problems, this experiment wasconducted with special aim to study the physical and physiological qualityof ginger seed from different sources of seed during storage periods. Theexperiment was conducted at the producer center i.e. of ginger, Cipanas,Werasari Village, Sub District Bantarujek, District Majalengka, from Julyto November, 2003. The experiment used three kinds of ginger namelywas white big ginger (Z. officinale var. officinale), small white ginger (Z.officinale var. amarum) and red ginger (Z. officinale var. rubrum). Theexperiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3 replications. The mainfactor was two productions location, there were: ginger seed produced inCipanas (altitude ± 600m above sea level, rain fed area, clay sandy, andslope 0-10%) and ginger seed produce in Cipicung (altitude ± 800m abovesea level, upland area, clay sandy, and slope 10 -20%). The sub plot were0, 1, 2 and 3 month periods of storage. Variables were observed includemoisture content, weight and germination percentage of gingerseed/rhizome after three months storage. The results of experimentindicated that for each kind of ginger (white big ginger, white small gingerand red ginger) physical quality (moisture content of seeds and loosingweight of seed) had no significant interaction between location productionand period of storage or single factor of location production. However,they were significantly effected by single factor periods of storage. After 3months storage, the moisture content of white big ginger produced fromCipanas were 82,43% and 80,67%. For white small ginger the moisturecontend were 84,16% and 81,31%, especially white small ginger producedfrom Cipanas and Cipicung. While the moisture content of red ginger seedproduced from Cipanas and Cipicung were 69,47% and 63,88%. Weightdecrease for each kinds of ginger produced from Cipanas and Cipicungwere as follows white big ginger 14,44% and 14,82%, white small ginger17,84% and 26,11%, red ginger 48,40% and 37,14%. After 3 monthsstorage the germination percentage for each kind of ginger produced fromCipanas and Cipicung were as follows white big ginger 92,00% and93,32%, white small ginger 86,67% and 83,33% and red ginger 89,33%and 86,67%.Key words : Zingiber officinale, location of seed production, storageperiods, seed qualit
POTENSI BAKTERI ANTAGONIS DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI JAHE
No full textPotency of antagonist bacteria in inhibiting the bacterial wilt disease progress gingerBacterial wilt disease caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum is an important disease in ginger plant (Zingiber oicinale Rose.) in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of biological agents in inhibiting the progess of bacterial wilt on ginger. The research was conducted at the geenhouse of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops in 1997-1998 then was followed with a ield experiment at Sukamulya Experimental Garden in 1998/1999. At the greenhouse experiment seven kinds of antagonists bacteria were formulated either individually or combination. Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), P. cepacia (PC) and Bacillus sp. (BC), mixtue of PF + PC, mixtue of PC + BC, mixture of PF + BC, and mixtue of PF + PC + BC were tested in the geenhouse on ginger plant cultivars putih besar grown in the pot containing soil formerly used for growing P. solanacearum infected tomato. I he results of this experiment indicated that the combination of PF+PC+BC significantly suppressed the progress of bacterial wilt disease compaed to control and other tested combination. In the ield experiment carried out at the bacterial wilt disease endemic area the combinations of PF+PC+BC, Trichoderma harzianum (Bit-1) and combination of PF+PC+BC+BII-I were tested with two levels of application, i.e. two applications with two months interval and 4 application with one month interval. The results showed that the application of antagonists bacteria inhibited Ihe bacterial wilt disease progress and signiicantly increased ginger rhizome yield. The yield of the rhizome from the plants teated with different intervals were not different. However, the application of the antagonist bacteria were not able to eradicate ginger infection by Pseudomonas solanacearum thoroughly
PENGARUH TOPPING, JUMLAH DAUN, DAN WAKTU PENYAMBUNGAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN JAMBU MENTE DI LAPANGAN
No full textRendahnya produktivitas perkebunan jambu mente di Indonesia, yaitu rata-rata hanya 350 kg gclondongha, disebabkan antara lain karena pohon- pohonnya berasal dari bibit (seedling) yang mutunya kurang baik. Untuk meningkatkan potensi produksinya, pertanaman jambu mente yang ada sebaiknya disambung dengan batang atas (entres) unggul.Teknik penyam- bungan dirumah atap sudah tersedia dengan hasil 90% - 95% sambungan hidup, sedangkan untuk penyambungan di lapangan baru dilakukan dengan metode sambung samping dengan keberhasilan 40%. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek mulai Januari 2000 sampai dengan Januai 2001, dengan tujuan untuk menguji perlakuan topping, jumlah daun batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan penyambungan jambu mente di lapangan Rancangannya adalah petak tcrpisah dengan 2 ulangan dan 32 sambungan/ perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) lopping (pembuangan pucuk batang bawah), sebagai petak utama, terdii atas (al) tanpa topping, dan (a2) topping; (2) jumlah daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan, sebagai anak petak, terdiri atas : (bl) 2 daun, disambungpukul 08.00-11.00, (b2) 2 daun, disambung pukul 1 1.00-13 00, (b3) 2 daun, disambung pukul 13.00-15.00, (M) 4 daun, disambung pukul 08.00-11.00, (b5) 4 daun, disambung pukul 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 daun, disambung, pukul 13.00-15.00. Topping dilakukan 7 hai sebelum penyambungan. Sebagai batang bawah digunakan tunas-tunas yang tumbuh dai pangkal batang mente jenis Pecangaan yang ditebang pada tinggi I m. Batang atas diambil dai pohon unggul jenis Balakrisnan-02. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah sambungan yang hidup, pertumbuhan tunas, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi yang nyata dari perlakuan terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi terbaik diperoleh pada topping dengan 4 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 08.00 - 11.00, dengan jumlah sambungan hidup, pertumbuhan tunas dan jumlah daun tetinggi, masing-masing 86.36% ; 27 cm ; dan 14 daun, sedangkan hasil terendah ditunjukkan oleh interaksi tanpa topping dengan 2 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 1 3 00-15.00, dengan 10% sambungan hidup, petumbuhan tunas 12 cm, dan 5 helai daun.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, topping, teknik penyambungan, produktivitas ABSTRACTEffect of topping, number of leaves and time of grafting on the success of cashew grafting at ield conditionsThe low productivity of cashew plantation in Indonesia, average 350 kg pods/ha, is among others caused by low quality of the cashew plants developed from seedlings. To increase the productivity, the existing trees should be grated with scions taken from high yielding vaieties. The grating technique of cashew at lath-house conditions is available with a success of 90-95%, however, grating technique for ield conditions using (he side grat succeded only 40%. The experiment was conducted at Cikampek Research Installation - Balittro, from January 2000 to January 2001, lo studs the efect of topping, number of leaves on rootstock, and the lime of grating on the success of cashew grating at ield conditions. The design was a split plot, with 2 replicates and 32 grats/treatment. The treatments were (1) topping of the rootstock, as the main plot, consisted of (al) without topping, (a2) topping, and (2) number of leaves on the rootstock and period of grating, as the subplot, consisted of (bl) 2 leaves at the rootstock/grated at 8.00 - 1 1.00, (b2) 2 leaves at the rootstock/graded at 11.00-13.00, (b3) 2 leaves al the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00, (b4) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 08.00- 11.00, (b5) 4 leaves at the rootstock/grafted at 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00. Topping was conducted 7 days before grating Shoots grown from the trunk of the Pecangaan type, coppiced at I m height, were used as the rootstock Scions were taken from high yielding vaiety Balakisnan 02 type. Parameters assessed were number of 'lakes" and growth of scion, consisted of length of scion and number of leaves. Results of the expeiment showed that there were significant interaction of the treatments on all of the parameters. The best interaction was shown by topping with 4 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 8.00-11.00 which resulted in a 86.3% of "takes", 27 cm length of scion with 14 leaves, while the lowest results were shown by without topping with 2 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 13.00- 15.00 with 10% of "takes". 12 cm lengOi of scion with 5 leaves.Key words Anacardium occidentale L., grafting technique, topping, productivit
SIMULASI USAHA TANI JARAK PAGAR ( Jatropha curcas L. )
Get PDFABSTRAKSimulasi usaha tani jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L) bertujuan untukmengetahui status usaha tani jarak pagar secara finansial tentang layak atautidaknya diusahakan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan desk study dansurvei. Desk study dilakukan dengan beberapa nara sumber dan pustakauntuk mendapatkan data sekunder. Survei lapangan dilakukan diKabupaten Sukabumi, pada kebun induk jarak pagar (KIJP) Pakuwon dandi Desa Tegal Kamulyaan, Kec. Cilacap Selatan dan Desa Jeruk LegiWetan, Kec. Jeruk Legi, Kabupaten Cilacap. Analisis kelayakan jarakpagar ini dilakukan atas 3 simulasi, yaitu: (1) simulasi teknologi rendah,produksi 4,35 ton/ha dengan kisaran harga Rp 500, Rp700, dan Rp 1.000per kg. (2) simulasi teknologi menengah, produksi 6,5 ton/ha, kisaranharga Rp 500, Rp 700, dan Rp1000 per/kg, (3) simulasi teknologi tinggi,produksi 8,7 ton/ha, kisaran harga Rp 500, Rp700 dan Rp 1.000 per/kg.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa simulasi teknologi rendah, tingkatproduksi 4,35 ton/ha hanya layak bila harga Rp 700 dan Rp1000 per kg,untuk harga Rp700/kg keuntungan yang diterima Rp 737.000/ ha/tahun,tingkat keuntungan investasi 23,32% dan B/C rationya 1,24, untuk hargaRp1.000/kg keuntungan yang diterima Rp 5.423.000 per ha/tahun, tingkatkeuntungan investasi 31,35% dan B/C ratio 2.04. Untuk simulasi teknologimenengah, tingkat produksi 6,50 ton/ha hanya layak pada tingkat hargaRp700 dan Rp1.000/kg, untuk harga Rp700/kg keuntungan yangditerima (net present value) adalah Rp 3.895.000 tingkat keuntunganinvestasi 42% dan B/C ratio 2,2, sedangkan pada harga Rp1.000keuntungan yang diterima adalah Rp 11.528.000 tingkat keuntunganinvestasi >50% dan B/C ratio 5,78. Untuk simulasi teknologi tinggi/maju,tingkat produksi 8,7 ton hanya layak pada tingkat harga Rp 700/kg dengankeuntungan yang diterima Rp 6.102.000 dan keuntungan investasi 45,14%serta B/C ratio 2,39. Pada harga Rp 1000/kg keuntungan yang diterima Rp16.577.000, keuntungan investasi > 50% dan B/C ratio 5,59. Sejalandengan kriteria kelayakan yang didapat maka upaya peningkatan produksimelalui teknologi budidaya serta kebijakan harga adalah faktor penentudalam menjadikan jarak pagar sebagai komoditas alternatif bahan bakarminyak. Asumsi umur ekonomis jarak pagar 10 tahun dalam analisis iniakan berbias under estimate terhadap indikator kelayakan (NPV, IRR,B/C), berarti indikator kelayakan aktualnya akan lebih besar. Implikasinyamemberikan peluang mendapat-kan tingkat keuntungan usahatani lebihbesar.Kata kunci : Jarak pagar, Jatropha curcas L., usaha tani, kelayakan,biofuel, Jawa Barat, Jawa TengahABSTRACTSimulation of Jatropha farming systemSimulation of Jatropha farming system was aimed to find out the feasibilitystudy of Jatropha from financial point of view. Data were collected usingdesk study and survey. Desk study was carried out with some respondentsand references to collect secondary data. Field survey was carried out inJatropha Seed Garden (KIJP) Pakuwon, Sukabumi and in two villagesnamely Tegal Kamulyaan, Cilacap Selatan District and Jeruk Legi Wetan,District of Jeruk Legi, Cilacap. This feasibility study was carried out with3 simulations, that is : (1) low technology simulation, production 4.35ton/ha with level of price Rp 500 – Rp 700 and Rp 1,000 per kg. (2)middle technology simulation, production 6.5 ton/ha and level of price Rp500, Rp 700 and Rp 1,000 per/ kg, (3) high technology simulation,production 8.7 ton/ha, price level Rp 500 – Rp 700 and Rp 1,000 per/kg.The results of analysis showed that low technology simulation withproduction level 4.35 ton/ha was only feasible for price Rp 700 and Rp1,000 per kg. At price level Rp 700/kg, the profit was Rp 737,000/ha/year,Return on investment 23.32% and B/C ratio 0.24. For price of Rp 1000/kg,the profit was Rp.5,423,000 per ha/year, return on investment 31.35% andB/C ratio 2.04. For the middle simulation with production level 6.50ton/ha, the feasible price was Rp 700 and Rp 1000/kg. At price level Rp700/kg, the profit (net present value) was Rp 3,895,000 return oninvestment 42% dan B/C ratio 2.2, while at price level Rp 1,000 the netpresent value was Rp11,528,000 return on investment >50% and B/C ratio5.78. For high technology simulation with production level 8.7 ton, thefeasible price level was Rp700/kg, net present value was Rp 6,102,000 andreturn on investment 45.14% and B/C ratio 2.39. At price level Rp1,000/kg, the net present value was Rp 16,577,000 return on investment.>50% and B/C ratio 5.59. According to the result, it is necessary toimprove production through farming technology and price policy is adeterminant factor to make Jatropha as an alternative commodity forbiofuel. In this analysis, the assumption of 10 years economic age ofJatropha will be bias under estimate compared to the indicators (NPV,IRR, B/C), meaning that the indicators are bigger than the economic age.The implication that it is a chance to give bigger profit to the Jatrophafarming system.Key words : Jatropha, Jatropha curcas L., farming system, feasibilitystudy, biofuel, West Java, Central Jav
PENGARUH PERIODE PENCAHAYAAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN KOMPONEN MINYAK TANAMAN MENTHA (Mentha piperita L.)
No full textPenelitian yang betujuan mcngkaji pengaruh periode pcncahayaan terhadap petumbuhan, hasil dan komponen minyak tanaman M. piperita L, telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Lembang, Jawa Barat, dai bulan Januari 2000 hingga Juli 2000. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap. Tahap pertama membuat variasi lingkungan cahaya dan tahap kedua penyulingan dan analisis komponen minyak dengan kromatograi gas spektrometer massa. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 5 perlakuan, yaitu I^> (panjang hari normal sebagai kontrol), L, (pemutusan periode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00 mulai umur 30 hari), Lj (pemutusan peiode gelap 1 jam, pukul 21.00-22.00 mulai umur 60 hai), Lj (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00 mulai umur 30 hai), dan U (penambahan cahaya 4 jam, pukul 18.00-22.00 mulai umur 60 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjuk¬ kan bahwa perubahan lingkungan mengubah fcnologi tanaman M. piperita L, meliputi petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif, yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi sintesis menthol. Penambahan cahaya 4 jam mulai umur 30 hari setelah tanam (Li) memberikan petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif paling baik, dengan ciri-ciri morfologi tanaman sebagai berikut tanaman berbunga, batang tegak (tidak rebah), tanaman tinggi, diameter batang besar, jumlah ruas banyak, stolon sedikit, jumlah daun banyak dan lebar. Fcnologi tanaman yang mcmiliki petumbuhan vegetatif dan reproduktif yang baik dapat menghasilkan produksi tema dan minyak yang tinggi. Perubahan fcnologi tanaman akibat manipulasi lingkungan mengubah komponen minyak dan mutu menthol. Fcnologi tanaman yang memiliki petumbuhan vegetatif maupun reproduktif yang baik menghasil¬ kan menthol tinggi dan menthofuran rendah. Penambahan cahaya 4 jam mulai umur 30 hari setelah tanam menghasilkan minyak dengan kadar menthol paling tinggi yaitu 54.89% dan menthofuran paling rendah yaitu 7.83%.Kata kunci: Hasil, komponen, minyak peppermint, Mentha piperita L., peiode pcncahayaan ABSTRACTEffect ofphotoperiod on the growth, yield and component ofpeppermint oilResearch on the effect of photoperiod on the growth, yield and component of peppermints oil of M. piperita, was carried out in the expeimental garden of the Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Lembang West Java, from January to July, 2000. The study was conducted in two steps, i.e. The irst step was manipulation of photo peiod using TL lamps and the second step was distillation and analisis of peppermint oil from their products with gas chromatography and mass spectromctry. The experiment used ive treatments, i.e. (1) control or normal light peiod, (2) four hours light supplement at the age of 30 days and 60 days ater planting, and (3) one hour interruption of dark peiod at the age of 30 days and 60 days. The result showed that the changes in light peiod affected the phenology of the crop. Four hours light supplement at the age of 30 days gave the best vegetative and reproductive growth (morphology of Mentha piperita i.e. flowering, erect stem, tall, wide, large stem, more internodes, leafy, and developed only few stolons). This morphology also resulted in the highest resh mateial and oil product. The change of phenology as the effect of light peiode manipulation could change oil component and inally the quality of menthol. Four hours light supplement at 30 days ater planting showed (he highest menthol content (54.89%) and the lowest menthofuran (7.83%).Keywords: Mentha piperita L., component, photoperiod, yield, peppermint oi