Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PENGARUH ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN SERTA KANDUNGAN SINENSETIN DALAM KALUS PADA TANAMAN KUMIS KUCING (Orlhosiphon arislatus )
No full textEffect of growth regulator on the formation, development and sinenselin content of the callus on Orthosiphon aristatusEffect of growth regulators on the formation, development and sinenselin Content of the callus on kidney plant ( Orthosiphon arislatus ) was studied al the laboratory of the Research Insitute for Spices and Medicinal Crops ( RISMC ) Bogor from March lo October 2000. Material ( explains ) lor Ihe study was the sterile leaves available in the culture. Basic medium used was Murasige and Skoog ( MS ). The study was conducted in two step. In (he irst step Ihe explains were cultured un MS medium applied with 2 4-1) at the concentration of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7 mg/1. In the second step, the cxplants were cultured on MS medium containing 0 I mg/1 2 4-D (best concentration in Ihe lirsl study) enriched with BA at the concentration of 0.5; 1.0, and 1.5 mg/1. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized in three replicates Eaeh replicate contained live bottles. Parameters used for evaluating Ihe effect of treatment were ihe lime of initiations, growth rate, structure and colour of the calli and sinenselin content which was analyzed with IIPI.C. Results showed thai from the irst experiment, 2.4-1) of 0.1 mg/1 produced Ihe highest rate of calli formation(0.49 g/5 weeks), from Ihe second ex¬periment, il was revealed that Ihe best treatment was 0.5 mg/1 BA Combined with 0.1 mg/1 2 4-1) produced 6.59 g calli/5 weeks, but was not signiicantly different front the calli cultured on the medium containing 1.0 nig/l BA combine with 0.1 mg/1 2.4- D. Result of sinenselin analysis showed thai MS medium containing BA 1 .0 mg/+ 0.1 mg/1 2.4- I) produced (I 24% sinenselin. higher than those of other treatment
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTER VEGETATIF DE NGAN PRODUKSI PATI SAGU BARUQ
No full textABSTRAK Sagu baruq merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat yang diambil dari batang. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah seleksi produksi pati pada setiap pohon. Banyak atau sedikitnya produksi pati akan diketahui setelah pohon ditebang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi genetik plasma nutfah sagu baruq, terutama untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan produksi pati, yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan seleksi tetua. Salah satu alat yang bisa digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi ini adalah metode sidik lintas. Karakter yang diamati adalah tinggi batang, jumlah daun, panjang rachis, panjang dan lebar petiol, panjang, lebar, dan jumlah anak daun, serta berat batang, empulur, dan pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengacu pada metode Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan tahun 2005. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis koefisien korelasinya untuk mengetahui hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan berat tepung sebagai komponen hasil. Perhitungan koefisien lintas mengacu pada metode matriks oleh Singh dan Chaudari. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat enam karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat tepung dan dapat dijadikan seleksi peningkatan produksi pati sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah. Sementara itu, di Manganitu, terdapat sembilan karakter yang dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman. Selain pengaruh langsung, dihasilkan juga 12 pengaruh tidak langsung yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai kriteria seleksi populasi sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah dan 10 pengaruh tidak langsung untuk Manganitu.Kata kunci: Arenga macrocarpha, hubungan, karakter vegetatif, produksi pati Relationship Between Vegetative Characters an d SagoBaruq Starch Production From Sangihe District ABSTRACT Baruq sagu is an important source of carbohydrate from the stem, constrain in cultivation was difficulty in selecting high yield plants. The experiment was conducted at the District Tabukan Tengah and Manganitu Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi in May 2012. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic information for germplasm of sago Baruq, especially to determine the correlation between vegetative characters and the production of starch, which later can be used as the selection of mother palms. One of the tools that can be used to obtain this information was the method of path analysis. Research methods used was direct observation in the field. The number of plants observed for each site 1 0 trees, which were randomly selected. Characters observed were plant height, number of leaves, rachis length, length of petiol, petiol width, length of the leaf, width of leaf, number of leaves, stems weight, pith weight, and weight of starch. The collected data were analyzed to determine the direct and indirect relationship between vegetative characters and weight of starch using path analysis. The result showed that 10 vegetative characters of Baruq sago population in Tabukan Tengah District, Sangihe regency produced six characters directly influence the character of the starch weight and can be used as selection criteria to increasing production of baruq sago starch. Meanwhile, in District Manganitu 9 characters can be used as selection criteria for crop improvement. In addition to the direct effects, 12 indirect effects can be considered as a selection criteria for sago baruq population in District Tabukan Tengah and 10 indirect effects for the population baruq sago in the District Manganitu. Keywords: Arenga macrocarpha , relationships, vegetative character, starch productio
POTENSI DUA ISOLAT LOKAL Pleurotus sp. SEBAGAI ANTAGONIS TERHADAP Ganoderma sp.
Get PDFABSTRAKPleurotus sp. merupakan salah satu jamur yang lebih dikenalsebagai jamur pangan. Selain sebagai jamur pangan, jamur tersebut jugadilaporkan memiliki kemampuan antimikrobial. Dalam penelitian inidipelajari potensi isolat lokal Pleurotus sp. sebagai antagonis terhadapfungi patogen Ganoderma sp. yang merupakan penyebab penyakit pentingpada tanaman perkebunan terutama kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB dari bulan Julisampai dengan Oktober 2004. Penelitian menggunakan dua isolat lokalPleurotus sp.1 dan Pleurotus sp.4 yang merupakan koleksi LaboratoriumPenyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB. Inokulum Ganoderma sp.diperoleh dengan mengisolasi langsung tubuh buah dari tegakan mahoniyang tumbuh di samping Laboratorium Penyakit Hutan. Uji antagonismein vitro dilakukan dengan metode oposisi langsung dalam cawan petriberdiameter 9 cm. Peubah yang diamati adalah jari-jari koloni patogenyang tumbuh ke arah antagonis dan terdapat atau tidaknya zonapenghambatan pada batas kedua koloni jamur. Analisis data dilakukandengan uji-t berpasangan untuk perlakuan yang relevan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kedua isolat antagonis mampu memper-lambat pertumbuhan menjari Ganoderma sp. Zona penghambatanterbentuk hanya pada antagonisme Ganoderma sp. dengan Pleurotus sp.4tetapi tidak pada antagonisme dengan Pleurotus sp.1. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan perbedaan mekanisme antagonisme pada kedua isolat.Kata kunci: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonisme, antibiosisABSTRACTThe Antagonistic Potentid of Two Local Isolates ofPleurotus sp. against Ganoderma sp.Pleurotus sp. is mushrooms which is more famous as a foodfungus. Aside from being a food, this fungus is also reported to haveantimicrobial capabilities. This research studied the potential of localisolates Pleurotus sp. as antagonists to pathogenic fungi Ganodermasp. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Disease, Faculty ofForestry IPB, from July to October 2004. The study used two local isolatesPleurotus sp.1 and Pleurotus sp.4 which were collectioned from ForestDisease Laboratory of the Faculty of Forestry, IPB. Ganodermasp. inoculum was obtained directly by isolating the fruit body on themahogany stands growing beside the Forest Disease Laboratory.Antagonism in vitro test was conducted using direct opposition in the petridish, 9 cm in diameter. Variables measured were the radius of pathogencolonies which grew in the direction to antagonist colony, and the presenceor absence of inhibition zone at the border of both fungal colonies. Thedata were analyzed with paired t-test for the relevant treatment. The resultsshowed that the existence of two antagonistic isolates were able to inhibitthe growth of Ganoderma sp. Inhibition zone was formed only on theantagonism of Ganoderma sp. with Pleurotus sp.4 but not in antagonismwith Pleurotus sp.1. This shows the mechanism difference of antagonismon both isolates.Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonism, antibiosi
SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY OF XYLEM WATER TRANSPORT IN TWO CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.) STRAINS AT THE SEEDLING STAGE
Get PDFABSTRACTAs cashew trees are grown by transplanting seedlings, the seedlingoften suffers from drought damaged due to prolonged dry season. Previousstudy found that the ability to maintain water transport in xylem related todrought resistant character. To determine whether there was trade-offbetween the ability to maintain water transport in xylem and an efficiencyof water transport, differences in xylem vulnerability to dysfunction,hydraulic conductance, and the relationship to xylem vessel diameter wereexamined in two cashew strains. The xylem vulnerability to dysfunctionwas evaluated by the applied pressure which induced 50% loss of stemhydraulic conductivity (P 50 ). The hydraulic conductance on root, stem, andleaf were determined with High Pressure Flow Meter (HPFM). Variationsin the P 50 values were found between A3-1 and Pangkep, whereas thevalues were 1.75 and 0.50 MPa, respectively. However, since there was nodifference in the hydraulic conductance and the vessel diameter, the trade-off between the ability to maintain water transport in xylem and anefficiency of water transport did not occur in cashew. It was suggested thatgood combination of efficiency and safety of water transport enables A3-1to strongly uptake soil water either in dry or wet season resulting in goodadaptation to drought prone environment, and the P 50 value would besuitable parameter for evaluating drought tolerance of cashew at theseedling stage.Key words: cashew strain, vessel, xylem dysfunction, hydraulicconductance, droughtABSTRAKPengembangan jambu mete secara transplanting sering diikuticekaman kekeringan pada bibit akibat musim kering yang berkepanjangan.Studi awal memperlihatkan bahwa kemampuan xylem mempertahankanfungsi transportasi air merupakan karakter pertahanan penting terhadapcekaman kekeringan. Untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi kompensasi antarakemampuan pertahanan fungsi xylem dan tingkat efisiensi transportasiairnya dilakukan pengujian pada aspek kepekaan fungsi xylem, hantaranhidraulik, dan ukuran vesselnya. Kepekaan fungsi xylem ditentukan darinilai tekanan udara yang menyebabkan kehilangan 50% hydraulicconductance (P 50 ). Nilai hydraulic conductance pada akar, batang, dandaun ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode High Pressure Flow Meter(HPFM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nilai P 50diantara dua strain jambu mete yang diuji, yakni secara berturut-turut 1,75dan 0,50 MPa pada strain A3-1 dan Pangkep. Karena tidak disertaiperbedaan pada hydraulic conductance dan ukuran vesselnya, makadisimpulkan tidak ditemukan nilai adanya mekanisme kompensasi antarakemampuan pertahanan fungsi xylem dan tingkat efisiensi pengangkutanair. Hal ini memungkinkan A3-1 tetap dapat menyerap air tanah secaracukup, baik pada musim kering maupun musim basah, dan mampuberadaptasi dengan baik di daerah rawan kekeringan. Dan nilai P 50 dapatdijadikan sebagai parameter representatif untuk evaluasi toleransi bibitjambu mete terhadap cekaman kekeringan.Kata kunci: strain jambu mete, vessel, fungsi xylem, hydraulicconductance, cekaman kekeringa
RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO PADA KONDISI AGROEKOLOGI YANG BERBEDA
Get PDFABSTRAKEfisiensi pemupukan dan peningkatan produktivitas temu-temuandapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan pupuk bio. Penelitian untukmengetahui respon temulawak terhadap pupuk bio telah dilaksanakan didua kondisi agroekologi yang berbeda di Kabupaten Boyolali, yakni diDesa Wonoharjo, Kecamatan Kemusu (jenis tanah Mediteran coklat tua,200 m dpl, tipe iklim C, tegakan jati umur 3 tahun, intensitas cahayasekitar 60%), dan Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan Ampel (Andosol, 600 mdpl, tipe iklim B, hutan sengon rakyat, intensitas cahaya sekitar 40%).Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Oktober 2002 sampai September 2003.Jarak tanam temulawak 50 cm x 75 cm, luas petak 10 m x 10 m.Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3perlakuan dan 9 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk bio, yaitu (i) 0, (ii)45, dan (iii) 90 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk dasar yang diberikan adalah 10ton pupuk kandang + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk bio yang digunakan mengandung mikroorganisme aktifAzospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann, dan Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Pupuk urea diberikan tiga kali, masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada 1, 2, dan 3bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parametertinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, produksi rimpang dan mutu rimpang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan tidak dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Pupuk bio secara nyata mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas temulawak, namun peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi olehkondisi agroekologi. Penambahan pupuk bio sebesar 45 dan 90 kg/hameningkatkan produksi rimpang segar temulawak sebesar 24 dan 47%.Mutu simplisia yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Materia MedicaIndonesia.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, pupuk bio, kondisi agroekologiABSTRACTResponse of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) toBiofertilizers Application Under Different Agroecological ConditionFertilization efficiency and yield of zingiberaceae may be improvedthrough the application of biofertilizers. A field experiment to evaluate theresponse of Java turmeric to the application of biofertilizers under differentagroecological conditions was carried out at Wonoharjo, KemusuSubdistrict (dark brown Mediterranean soil, 200 m asl., climate type C,3 years teak plantation, light intensity 60%), and Kaligentong, AmpelSubdistrict (Andosol, 600 m asl., climate type B, 5 years albizia plantation,light intensity 40%). Both experimental sites were located at BoyolaliDistrict. The experiment was conducted from October 2002 to September2003. Planting distance was 50 cm x 75 cm, and plot size was 10 m x 10m. The experiment was arranged using randomized block design withthree treatments and 9 replicates. The treatments were biofertilizer dosage,i.e. (i) 0, (ii) 45 and (iii) 90 kg/ha. Inorganic fertilizers was applied as basalfertilization, i.e. 10 ton manure + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kgKCl per hectare. Biofertilizer contained some active microorganisms, i.e.Azospirillum lipoferum Beijerincki, Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerincki,Aeromonas punctata Zimmermann and Aspergillus niger van Tiegham.Urea was applied 1/3 dosage each at 1, 2, 3 months after planting (MAP).Manure was applied a week before planting, while SP-36 and KCl wereapplied at planting time. Parameters observed were plant height, numbersof clump, fresh rhizome yield and dried rhizome quality. The resultsshowed that plant growth was not significantly affected by agroecologicalconditions. Biofertilizers significantly affected crop yield, however, theincrease of crop yield was affected by agroecological conditions.Application 45 and 90 kg/ha of biofertilizers of increased fresh rhizomeyield of about 24 and 47%. Dried rhizome quality of all treatments meetMateria Medica Indonesia standard.Keywords : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, biofertilizers, agroecologicalcondition
HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK ANTAR SEMBILAN AKSESI KELAPA ASAL PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Get PDFABSTRAKInformasi jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan sangatdiperlukan dalam merakit varietas unggul. Semakin jauh jarak genetikantar tetua maka peluang dihasilkan kultivar baru dengan variabilitasgenetik yang luas akan menjadi semakin besar. Sebaliknya, persilanganantar tetua berkerabat dekat akan menghasilkan variabilitas yang sempit.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2007 di Kabupaten MinahasaUtara, Minahasa Selatan dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Disetiap kabupaten ditetapkan tiga desa contoh pada ketinggian yangberbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkatkekerabatan dan jarak genetik sembilan aksesi plasma nutfah kelapa asalSulawesi Utara yang akan digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan dalamperakitan kelapa unggul. Untuk mengetahui kekerabatan antara sembilanaksesi kelapa tersebut diukur jarak genetiknya dengan menggunakanperhitungan nilai D 2 statistik dari Mahalanobis didasarkan pada delapankarakter komponen buah, yaitu panjang buah, lebar buah, berat buah utuh,berat buah tanpa sabut, berat buah tanpa air, berat daging buah, tebaldaging buah, dan berat tempurung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesembilan aksesi kelapa tersebut membentuk lima kelompok dan jarakgenetik terbesar terdapat antara kelompok II (Dalam Lansot, DalamMongkonai, Dalam Dua Saudara) dan IV (Dalam Kaleosan, Dalam Kema)dengan nilai D 2 = 2.196,57. Sumbangan terbesar terjadinya jarak genetiktersebut diperoleh dari karakter tebal daging buah.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L., kekerabatan, genetik, kelapa dalamABSTRACTGenetic relationship among nine coconut accessions fromNorth SulawesiThe research was conducted in May 2007 at North Minahasa, SouthMinahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow Regions, North Sulawesi Province.From each region, three villages with different elevation were determined.The objective of the research was to find out genetic relationship amongnine coconut germplasm accessions for breeding material in composinghigh yielding coconut. The genetic relationships were estimated using D 2Mahalanobis Statistics based on eight characters of fruit component, suchas length of fruit, width of fruit, fruit weight, unhusked fruit weight,weight of fruit without water, weight of endosperm, thickness of kernel,and weight of shell. The result showed that the nine accessions weredivided into five groups and the widest genetic distance had been foundbetween group II (Lansot Tall, Mongkonai Tall, Dua Saudara Tall) and IV(Kaleosan Tall, Kema Tall) with the D 2 value of 2,196.57. The highestcontribution to the genetic relationship was thick of kernel (50%contribution). Lansot Tall and Kaleosan Tall can be used as parents forprepotent coconut.Key words : Cocos nucifera L., genetic relationship, tall coconu
PENGARUH POLATANAM SAMBILOTO - JAGUNG SERTA DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ALAM TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees)
Get PDFABSTRAKTuntutan pengguna untuk mendapatkan produk tanaman herbalorganik mendorong upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia danmenggantikannya dengan pupuk organik dan alam. Penelitian lapanguntuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk organik pada pola tanam sambiloto –jagung telah dilaksanakan di KP Cicurug pada bulan Juni – Desember2006. Ukuran plot 3 m x 4 m dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 40 cm (1tanaman/lubang tanam), ditanam dengan sistem bedengan. Penelitiandilaksanakan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yangdisusun secara faktorial. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah polatanam, terdiridari : (1) P0 = monokultur; (2) P1 = polatanam dengan jagung, jarak tanamjagung antar baris 150 cm dan dalam baris 20 cm. Sedangkan sebagaifaktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk per hektar, terdiri dari (a) D1 = 10 tonkompos + 300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio, (b) D2 = 10 ton kompos+ 300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit, (c) D3 = 10 tonkompos + 500 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio, (d) D4 = 10 ton kompos+ 500 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit, (e) D5 = 20 tonkompos + 300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio, (f) D6 = 20 ton kompos +300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit, (g) D7 = 20 tonkompos + 500 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio, (h) D8 = 20 ton kompos+ 500 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit, (i) D9 = 10ton pupuk kandang + 200 kg urea + 200 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl/ha.Perlakuan D9 merupakan dosis pupuk rekomendasi yang dipergunakansebagai pembanding. Dari parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati, hanyajumlah cabang yang dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan polatanam, dosis pupukorganik dan pupuk alam. Polatanam monokultur menghasilkan jumlahcabang lebih banyak dibandingkan pola tumpangsari dengan jagung.Jumlah cabang primer terbanyak 32,92 dicapai pada perlakuan 10 tonkompos + 500 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio. Produksi simplisiasambiloto pada pola monokultur (terbuka) pada panen pertama dan keduaberturut-turut adalah 507,57 kg/ha dan 797,56 kg/ha, lebih tinggi sekitar18% dan 15% dibandingkan dengan produksi simplisia pada polatumpangsari dengan jagung. Produksi jagung pipilan yang diperoleh daripola tumpangsari berkisar antara 3.278 – 4.134 kg/ha. Pada panen pertamaproduksi simplisia sambiloto tertinggi (614,87 kg/ha) diperoleh dariperlakuan dosis pupuk rekomendasi, sedang pada panen kedua (896,63kg/ha) dihasilkan pada dosis 20 ton kompos + 300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kgpupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit. Namun demikian produksi tersebut secarastatistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan produksi pada perlakuan dosis 20 tonkompos + 300 kg fosfat alam + 60 kg pupuk bio + 300 kg zeolit, yaknisebesar 835,10 kg/ha. Semua perlakuan menghasilkan mutu simplisiasambiloto yang memenuhi standar MMI.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, polatanam,jagung, pupuk organik, pupuk alam, produksi, mutuABSTRACTEffect of Andrographis-corn cropping pattern and dosageof organic and natural fertilizers on yield and quality ofAndrographisAn increase of demand of organic herbal medicinal plantsencourage the effort to change the use of inorganic fertilizers with organicand natural fertilizers. Field experiment on andrographis was conducted atCicurug Research Station from June to December 2006. The aim of thisexperiment was to obtain optimum dose of organic and natural fertilizersof andrographis – corn cropping pattern. The experiment was conductedusing factorial randomized block design and three replications, where theplot size was 3 m x 4 m and planting space was 30 cm x 40 cm. The firstfactor was cropping systems i.e. (1) P0 = monoculture and (2) P1 =intercropping of andrographis and corn (planting space of corn was 150cm x 20 cm), while the second factor was dose of organic and naturalfertilizers per hectare, i.e.: (a) D1 = 10 ton compost + 300 kg rockphosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer, (b) D2 = 10 ton compost + 300 kg rockphosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer + 300 kg zeolite, (c) D3 = 10 ton compost+ 500 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer, (d) D4 = 10 ton compost +500 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer + 300 kg zeolite, (e) D5 = 20ton compost + 300 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer, (f) D6 = 20 toncompost + 300 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer + 300 kg zeolite,(g) D7 = 20 ton compost + 500 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer, (h)D8 = 20 ton compost + 500 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizer + 300kg zeolite, (i) D9 = 10 ton manure + 200 kg Urea + 200 kg SP36 + 100 kg.Treatment D9 is a recommended fertilizers dose, which was used as acomparative dose. The result showed that cropping pattern and naturalfertilizers dosage did not affect growth parameters, except number ofbranch. Cropping pattern and natural fertilizers dosage significantlyaffected number of branch. The highest number of branch of 32.92 wasachieved on fertilizers dosage of 10 ton compost + 500 kg rock phosphate+ 60 kg biofertilizer. The treatments significantly affected yield ofsymplicia of andrographis. The yield of symplicia of monoculture systemat the first harvest was 507.07 kg/ha and the second was 797.56 kg/ha,which was 18% and 15% higher than that of intercropped system. Yield ofcorn ranged between 3,278 kg/ha and 4,134 kg/ha. At the first harvest, thehighest symplicia yield (614.87 kg/ha) was achieved at the treatment ofinorganic recommended dosage, while at the second harvest the highestyield of andrographis symplicia (896.63 kg/ha) was obtained from thetreatment of 20 ton compost + 300 kg rock phosphate + 60 kg biofertilizerdan 300 kg zeolite. This value, however, was not significantly different tothe yield of the treatment of 10 ton compost + 300 kg rock phosphate + 60kg biofertilizer + 300 kg zeolite, which was 835.10 kg/ha. All treatmentsresulted good quality of symplicia which meet MMI standard quality.Key words : Andrographis paniculata Nees, cropping pattern, corn,organic fertilizers, natural fertilizers, yield, qualit
KANDUNGAN ASAM LAURAT PADA BERBAGAI VARIETAS KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU VCO
Get PDFABSTRAKPeluang pengembangan agribisnis kelapa dengan produk bernilaiekonomi tinggi sangat besar, antara lain Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Mutuproduk dari VCO di antaranya ditentukan dari kandungan asam lemakrantai medium, MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) dan asam laurat (C12:0). Penelitiananalisis keragaman asam lemak pada koleksi plasma nutfah kelapa telahdilakukan pada 35 varietas kelapa yang ditanam di Kebun PercobaanMapanget, Balitka tahun 2005. Teknologi proses VCO sebagai sampelmenggunakan proses pemanasan bertahap, dan sebagian sampel meng-gunakan cara fermentasi. Sampel VCO dari 35 varietas kelapa ini dikirimke Laboratorium Terpadu IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis kadar asamlemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragamankandungan asam lemak, khususnya asam laurat pada berbagai varietaskelapa yang cocok untuk bahan baku VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa keragaman kandungan MCFA dan kadar asam laurat dipengaruhioleh varietas kelapa, tinggi tempat tumbuh, teknologi proses VCO dantempat analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis asam lemak dari VCO pada 35aksesi kelapa koleksi Balitka Manado diperoleh bahwa total kandunganMCFA pada kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi dari kelapa Genjah. Totalkandungan MCFA kelapa Dalam antara 47,35% sampai 57,89%,sedangkan pada kelapa Genjah antara 45,45% sampai 55,68%. Dari 35aksesi kelapa ini diperoleh bahwa total MCFA di atas 56% ditemukanpada 10 aksesi kelapa Dalam, yaitu Dalam Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete,Dalam Kalasey, Dalam Wusa, Dalam Pungkol, Dalam Mapanget 55 danDalam Mapanget 99 asal Sulawesi Utara, lalu Dalam Lubuk Pakam asalSumatera Utara, Dalam Banyuwangi asal Jawa Timur, dan Dalam Paluasal Sulawesi Tengah. Kandungan asam laurat (C12:0) pada VCO darikelapa Dalam lebih tinggi sekitar 2%-3% dibandingkan dengan kelapaGenjah. Kadar asam laurat pada 35 aksesi kelapa beragam antara terendah36,04% pada kelapa Genjah Hijau Nias asal Sumut, sampai tertinggi44,19% pada kelapa Dalam Kinabuhutan asal Sulut. Aksesi kelapa yangmengandung kadar asam laurat di atas 43% adalah kelapa DalamKinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete, Dalam Lubuk Pakam, Dalam Wusa danDalam Mapanget 55. Kelapa yang sama varietasnya dan ditanam pada dualokasi yang berbeda tinggi tempatnya diperoleh kadar asam laurat padakopra di dataran rendah (80 m dpl.) ternyata lebih tinggi antara 1,78%sampai 3,94% dibandingkan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi (450 m dpl.).Teknologi fermentasi menghasilkan kandungan asam laurat rata-rata lebihtinggi antara 2,03% sampai 3,48% pada empat varietas kelapa Dalam darilima varietas yang diuji.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, varietas, pasca panen, asam lemak,asam laurat, minyak kelapa, Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTLauric acid profile of various coconut varieties as rawmaterial for VCOCoconut agribusiness development has large opportunity to producehigh value coconut product, such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Thequality of VCO is determined by the content of medium chain fatty acid,MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) and lauric acid (C12:0). Analysis of fatty acid variationfrom coconut germplasm collection was done on 35 coconut varietiesplanted at Mapanget Experimental Garden, ICOPRI in 2005. Theprossesing technology of VCO used step heating, and some samples alsoused fermentation. The VCO samples of 35 coconut varieties was sent toIntegrated Laboratory of IPB Bogor to find out the content of fatty acids.The purpose of the study was to know the variability of fatty acid contents,especially for lauric acid content in various coconut varieties as rawmaterials for VCO. The research result showed that the content of MCFAand lauric acid was influenced by coconut varieties, altitude of coconutpalm growth, processing technology of VCO and defferent laboratories foranalysis the fatty acids. The result of fatty acids analysis of VCO from 35coconut accessions of ICOPRI germplasm collection found that total ofMCFA content on tall coconut is higher than dwarf coconut. Total ofMCFA content on tall coconut ranges 47.35%-57.89%, whereas on dwarfcoconut it ranges of 45.45%-55.68%. From 35 coconut accessions, therewere 10 accessions that showed total MCFA higher than 56% namely:Kinabuhutan Tall, Tontalete Tall, Kalasey Tall, Wusa Tall, Pungkol Tall,Mapanget 55 Tall and Mapanget 99 Tall from North Sulawesi, and thenLubuk Pakam Tall from North Sumatera, Banyuwangi Tall from East Java,and Palu Tall from Central Sulawesi. Lauric acid content of VCO of tallcoconut was higher 2%-3% compared to dwarf coconut. Lauric acidcontent of 35 coconut accessions varied from the lowest 36.04% on NiasGreen Dwarf from North Sumatera, up to the highest 44.19% onKinabuhutan Tall from North Sulawesi. Coconut accessions that havelauric acid content higher than 43% were Kinabuhutan Tall, Totalete tall,Lubuk Pakam Tall, Wusa Tall and Mapanget 55 Tall. The same varietiesof tall and hybrid coconut planting on two different altitudes showed thelauric acid content of copra on lowland plain (80 m above sea level) washigher between 1.78% to 3.94% compared to the same varieties on uplandplain (450 m above sea level). The fermentation processing technology ofVCO has resulted average of lauric acid content are higher between 2.03%to 3.48% on four varieties of coconut tall, from the five varieties. In thefuture it is necessary to develope the protocol of VCO which is matchedwith Indonesian National Standardization of VCO.Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, variety, pest harvest, fatty acid,lauric acid, coconut oil, North Sulawe
RESPON LIMA NOMOR UNGGUL KENCUR TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN
Get PDFABSTRAKKencur (Kaempferia galanga) banyak dimanfaatkan oleh rumahtangga, industri obat maupun makanan serta minuman dan industri rokokkretek. Peningkatan pemakaian simplisia kencur dalam berbagai industri didalam negeri akan meningkatkan konsumsi simplisia ini, sehingga upayapeningkatan produksi masih perlu dilakukan melalui budidaya, diantaranya dengan penggunaan varietas unggul yang didukung denganpemupukan yang optimal. Di dalam penelitian ini dikaji respon limanomor unggul kencur terhadap paket pemupukan organik dan anorganikpada tanah latosol di dataran rendah, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat.Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Oktober 2003 sampai Agustus 2004,dengan RAK dalam pola faktorial. Faktor I nomor unggul kencur (V1, V2,V3, V4 dan V5) dan faktor II paket pemupukan (6 paket), diulang 2 kali.Jarak tanam yang digunakan 20 x 20 cm, ukuran petak 4 x 1,2 m. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, empat nomor unggul kencur (V1, V3, V4, V5),dari lima nomor yang diuji, mempunyai kemampuan untuk menghasilkanrimpang segar dan kering yang sama, dengan kisaran bobot rimpang segar62,27-70,22 g/tanaman dan kisaran bobot rimpang kering 16,95-19,33 g/tanaman. Paket pemupukan yang dianjurkan untuk semua nomor yangdiuji adalah pupuk kandang 20 ton/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36 200 kg/ha+ KCl 200 kg/ha, atau pemupukan organik dengan pupuk kandang kerbau40 ton/ha. Respon lima nomor unggul kencur terhadap aplikasi paketpemupukan memberikan mutu dengan hasil yang berbeda, yaitu kadarminyak atsiri V3 (2,03%) tergolong mutu I, sedangkan empat nomorlainnya tergolong mutu II (1,08 -1,97%), dengan hasil minyak atsiri 0,325– 0,466 ml/tanaman. Serapan hara lima nomor unggul kencur terhadappaket teknologi yang diuji memperlihatkan, serapan hara N berkisar antara149,60 – 415,60 mg/tanaman, hara P 41,50 – 112,50 mg/tanaman, hara K236,10 – 571,70 mg/tanaman.Kata kunci : Kencur, Kaempferia galanga, varietas unggul, pemupukan,serapan hara, produksi, mutuABSTRACTResponse of five galanga promising lines to fertilizationIndia galanga (Kaempferia galanga) is commonly used forhousehold consumption, medicines, food and drink supplement industriesas well as cigarette sauce. Increase in demand of this commodity fordomestic industries will raise the consumption of symplicia. Therefore,effort in increasing yield of the plant through cultivation techniqueimprovement, i.e. application of superior variety and fertilization, is worthto be accomplished. In this experiment five Galanga promising lines ofIndia galanga were subjected to organic and inorganic fertilizations atlow land latosol soil, Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java. Experiment was carriedout from October 2003 – August 2004 and arranged in randomized blockin factorial design, with two replications. First factor is the promising lines(V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5); factor II is fertilization packages (6 packages).Plot size of 4 x 1.2 m and plant spacing of 20 x 20 cm, were applied. Theresults showed that four of five tested promising lines yielded the sameresults of fresh and dry weight of rhizomes ranged from 62.27-70.22g/plant, and the dry weight was 16.95-19.33 g/plant respectively.Fertilization packages of dung manure 20 t/ha + urea 250 kg/ha + SP36200 kg/ha + KCl 200 kg/ha, or organic fertilizer by using dung manure 40ton/ha, are recommended. Application of fertilization package resulted indifferent response to the plant for their qualities. The essential oil contentof promising lines V3 belongs to the first grade of quality (2.03%), whilethe others are the second one (1.08-1.97%), with the yield of essential oilranged from 0.325 – 0.466 ml/plant. The nutrients uptake of the promisinglines to the applied technology package were 149.60 – 415.60 mg/plant ofN, 41.50 – 112.50 mg/plant of P, and 236.10 – 571.70 mg/plant of Knutrients.Key words: Kaempferia galanga , superior variety, fertilization, nutrientup take, yield, qualit
PENYIMPANAN IN VITRO TANAMAN PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) MELALUI APLIKASI PENGENCERAN MEDIA DAN PACLOBUTRAZOL
Get PDFABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) adalah tanaman obatlangka asli Indonesia yang dikategorikan hampir punah. Konservasi in situtidak dapat diandalkan karena rusaknya habitat alami (hutan konservasi),sedangkan konservasi ex situ di lapang menghadapi kendala karenapurwoceng sulit dibudidayakan di luar habitat aslinya. Dengan demikian,konservasi in vitro merupakan alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untukmenghindari kepunahan tanaman purwoceng. Tujuan penelitian untukmengetahui efek dari kombinasi perlakuan pengenceran media dankonsentrasi paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan kultur purwoceng, dayaregenerasi dan stabilitas genetik pasca penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukanpada tahun 2004 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian danPengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogorselama 9 bulan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan bersumber dari koleksitanaman purwoceng di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri, Balai PenelitianTanaman Rempah dan Obat. Kegiatan penelitian mencakup: (1)Perbanyakan tunas in vitro purwoceng sebagai sumber eksplan denganmenggunakan regenerasi, yaitu media DKW + BA 1 ppm + Thidiazuron0,2 ppm + arginin 100 ppm, (2) Penyimpanan in vitro tunas purwocengdalam media DKW (1, ½, dan ¼ dosis) + paclobutrazol (0, 1, 3, dan 5ppm), (3) Regenerasi kultur purwoceng pasca penyimpanan in vitro padamedia regenerasi, dan (4) Evaluasi karakter sitologi kultur yang telahdisimpan melalui penghitungan jumlah kloroplas sel penjaga stomata.Rancangan percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam lingkungan acaklengkap dengan 6 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanyainteraksi yang nyata antara pengenceran media dan konsentrasipaclobutrazol. Periode simpan kultur tidak dapat diperpanjang lebih dari 4bulan karena paclobutrazol mempunyai pengaruh penghambatan pertum-buhan yang sangat kuat sehingga sebagian besar kultur purwoceng mati.Efek residu paclobutrazol masih tampak pada jangka waktu lebih dari 4bulan pada tahap pemulihan, ditandai dengan adanya penampilan roset.Pengamatan ciri sitologi melalui penghitungan jumlah kloroplas selpenjaga stomata menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan paclobutrazol tidakmenyebabkan perubahan tingkat ploidi. Disimpulkan bahwa paclobutrazoltidak sesuai digunakan untuk penyimpanan in vitro purwoceng karenamenyebabkan pertumbuhan yang abnormal (roset) sekalipun pada tahapregenerasi pasca penyimpanan. Selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengguna-kan regulator osmotik, yang mampu meningkatkan potensi osmotik dalammedia dan memperlambat penyerapan nutrisi sehingga masa simpankemungkinan dapat diperpanjang tanpa menyebabkan pertumbuhan yangabnormal pada tahap regenerasi pasca penyimpanan.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., penyimpanan in vitro, pengen-ceran media, dan paclobutrazolABSTRACTPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian medicinalplant categorized as endangered plant. In situ conservation is quiteimpossible since conservation forest has been damaged whereas ex situconservation in the field is difficult because the plant needs specificagronomical condition. In vitro conservation is therefore the only choice tobe applied. The objectives of the study were to find out the effects ofcombined treatment between media dilution and paclobutrazolconcentration to the growth of pruatjan cultures, the genetic regenerationand stability after preservation. The research was conducted at the TissueCulture Laboratory, the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development for 9 months. The plantmaterials were taken from Gunung Putri. The activities included: (1)Propagation of in vitro shoots as explants source in DKW media + 1 ppmBA + 0.2 ppm Thidiazuron + 100 ppm arginin, (2) Preservation of in vitroshoots of pruatjan on DKW (full, half, and quarter strength) +paclobutrazol (0, 1, 3, and 5 ppm), (3) Regeneration of the cultures after invitro preservation, and (4) Evaluation of cytological character of preservedcultures through chloroplast guard cells counting. The experiment wasarranged factorially in Completely Randomized Design with 6replications. The result revealed that there was no interaction betweenmedia dilution and paclobutrazol concentration. Preservation period couldnot be prolonged more than 4 months because this compound stronglyinhibited the growth so that almost none of them could survive longer. Theresidual effect of paclobutrazol was still appeared more than 4 months inregeneration phase assigned by rossette performances. Observation ofcytological character through chloroplast guard cells counting revealedthat paclobutrazol could not change ploidy level of preserved pruatjancultures. It was concluded that paclobutrazol is not suitable for in vitropreservation of pruatjan since it causes abnormal growth on regenerationstep after preservation. Thus, it was suggested to use osmotic regulatorwhich can increase osmoticum potential in media and decrease nutritionabsorption so that preservation period may be prolonged without abnormaleffect on regeneration step after preservation.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., in vitro preservation, mediadilution, and paclobutrazo