BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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EXOTIC PLANTS OF HALIMUN SALAK CORRIDOR: MICRO-ENVIRONMENT, DETECTION AND RISK ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE PLANTS
Get PDFThe research of exotic plant species detection and invasive plant risk analysis conducted in Halimun Salak corridor area. This study aims to do inventory of exotic plant species in this area and perform invasive plant risk analysis to the exotic plants found. The invasion risk assessment of detected exotic plants analyzed using Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) method. Moreover, analysis of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) based on inequality performed on relative humidity, light intensity, and soil pH. There are eleven exotic plant species which consist of three tree species and eight species of herbs / shrubs. Lantana camara and Camellia sinensis are the exotic species with biggest and smallest WRA score respectively. MDS analysis shows that exotic tree species have similar environmental variables. Moreover, environmental variables of Clidemia hirta are relatively different from other exotic species found in the Halimun Salak corridor.Recommendations for the management of invasive exotic plant species in the area are: immediate management implementation, priority of eradication to exotics that have not been abundant but have a high risk score, two management options (gradual eradication or containment) should be considered for exotics with very high WRA score such as Ageratina riparina, Chromolaena odorata and Lantana camara
PHYLOGENETICAL STUDY OF WILD BANANA SPECIES (Musa L.) IN SULAWESI INFERRED FROM INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA SEQUENCES
No full textStudy to determine the phylogenetic relationship of wild banana species (Musa) in Sulawesi based on the ITS regions sequences has been done. A total of 28 samples including 16 ITS sequences from GeneBank were used. Species of Ensete and Musella were incorporated as an outgroup. Total DNA was extracted by the modified CTAB. ITS-5 and ITS-4 primers were used to amplify the ITS regions. Data sequences were edited by ChromasPro and were aligned by Muscle software.Some unique nucleotides were found in M. balbisiana, M. itinerans, and M. textilis sequences. Strict consensus tree revealed from Maximum Parsimony (MP) as well as Bayesian analysis showed Musa textilis was separated from other taxa in which M. textilis become as the basal sister to M. balbisiana. By using MP analysis, M. itinerans together with M. acuminata ssp. banksii, M. acuminata var. tomentosa, and M. celebica placed in the same clade, whereas Bayesian analysis showed M. itinerans was separated and placed in different clade
GENETIC VARIATION, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN RESIN PRODUCTION CHARACTER OF Pinus merkusii HIGH RESIN YIELDER (HRY) IN CIJAMBU SEEDLING SEED ORCHARD (SSO)
No full textSelection high resin candidate P.merkusii is a series of breeding activities to get high resin production trait of pine trees. In selection process of candidate tress, genetic diversity plays very important role because higher genetic diversity will give higher opportunity to get source of genes for improved trait. Selection activities of high resin yielder candidates were started  in 2006 through a series of survey activity and morphological identification of candidate trees with high resin production. Specific information about traits genetically related to resin production in Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard is still not determined yet , although based on resin distribution trend this SSO has the highest mean of resin production.  In this study, progenies planted in 1978 -1983 were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of previous selection, as well as the value of heritability and phenotypic traits that allegedly related with resin production. The results showed high value of coefficient genetic variation (CVG:16.08%), narrow sense heritability values for resin production trait (0.65) and resemble with previous research. This indicates that genetic factor was  dominant for resin production and selection activities has been done for 30 years was effective to get high yielder superior candidate. Bark thickness, crown length and stem diameter trait was positively significant correlated to resin production, whereas level of pests and diseases was negatively significant correlated to resin production, it is possible that  the trait related with lighting conditions that supporting photosynthesis process and number of resin duct in the wood.  Key words: Selection, high resin yielder, P. merkusii, variation, heritability,phenotypi
IDENTIFICATION OF Ralstonia solanacearum ISOLATED FROM A NEW HOST: Cosmos caudatus IN INDONESIA
No full textThe evolutionary dynamic of pathogenic microorganism might change pathogen-host interaction including the establishment of pathogen colonization in a new host. The information of the new host of devastating pathogens will serve a basis for their control method. An unknown bacterial wilt disease attacking wild cosmos (Cosmos caudatus) crop in Pacet-Cianjur, Indonesia was suspiciously caused a novel strain of Ralstonia solanacearum. The research was carried out to investigate the causal agent, characteristics and its grouping based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and the relationship of the pathogen with the hosts. The results showed the incidence of bacterial wilt on wild cosmos was epidemiologically caused by the species complex of pathogen R. solanacearum. Based on the symptoms, morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity evaluations, the strain classified into group 7, race 1 and biovar 3 and group 7. This was the first report of the incidence of R. solanacearum hosted naturally in wild cosmos in Indonesia
ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF Aquilaria microcarpa INTERACTING WITH Fusarium sp.
No full textAquilaria microcarpa is one of agarwood-producing plants, Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes in plants that have an impact on visual changes in cells, tissues or organs of plants. This study aims to determine differences in the anatomical characters of Aquilaria microcarpa that have been inoculated with Fusarium sp. Observations of anatomical characters showed that traits of inoculated and un-inoculated Aquilaria microcarpa in general are partly different. The difference was found in wood color, odor/aroma, the pores of wood and leather inserted visible. Chemical compounds contained in the plant interact with fusarium was Elemol, Baimuxinal, 3-phenyl-2-butanone, chromen-4-one
LIPID ACCUMULATION BY Flavodon flavus ATH USING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT AS SUBSTRATE
No full textLarge amount of palm mill effluent is generated annually. The waste would be potential for production of single cell oils (SCOs). The objective of study was to evaluate the lipid accumulation by fungi using palm mill effluent as substrate. To obtain most potential strains for lipid accumulation, seven filamentous fungi isolated from various biomes were evaluated for their ability to produce endoglucanase, and its lipid accumulation. Fungal hypae grown on palm oil mill effluent accumulated lipid of 34,3-87,5 of their dry cell mass. The profile of transesterified SCOs revealed a high content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids i.e., palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids similar to conventional vegetable oils used for biodiesel production. The strain was able to use organic substrates in POME implies that they are promising strain for biofuel feed stock as well as for meeting effluent quality for wastewater discharge
Aspergillus flavus POPULATION AND AFLATOXIN B1 CONTENT OF PROCESSED PEANUT PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BOGOR, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were to get informations on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah (Subdistrict of Central Bogor), Municipality of Bogor. A total of 129 samples of processed peanut products was collected. They consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pods (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33) and satai sauce (12). A sample each of 2 000 g roasted peanuts with skin pods as well as flour-coated peanuts, and a sample each of 1 500 g siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce as well as satai sauce was mixed homogenously. It was then divided two times manually to obtain working samples to determine A. flavus population, AFB1 content and a reserve sample. Peanut kernels of roasted peanuts with skin pods and flour-coated peanuts were obtained by peeling their skin pods and the batter coat of tapioca flour manually, respectively. Aspergillus flavus in peanut processed products was isolated using a serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). AFB1 content was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography method. Two replicates were used for each sample. The results showed that the population of A. flavus in roasted peanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce and satai sauce were 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2 and 0.4 cfu/g (wet basis), respectively. The highest AFB1 content of processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pods, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3 ppb), satai sauce (23.2 ppb), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1 ppb) and siomay sauce (4.4 ppb)
TWO NEW Aphelenchoides Fischer 1894 (Nematoda: Tylenchina) FROM MANIPUR, NORTH EAST INDIA
No full textTwo new species of Aphelenchoides discovered from different localities of Manipur, North East India had been described in the present study. Aphelenchoides longistylus sp. nov. has a long stylet and four lateral lines which are gradually merged into two at the tail region. Aphelenchoides neominoris sp. nov. has a small body and short tail with a stylet length of 8.6 µm
TESTING RELIABILITY OF SERUM SAMPLES AS A DNA SOURCE ON CAPTIVE BREEDING LONG-TAILED MACAQUES (Macaca fascicularis)
Get PDFThe serum realibility was tested in captive breeding conditions on the long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Serum and buffy coat were applied to standard protocol of DNA extration following the amplification of microsatellite DNA locus of D2S1777 by PCR and visualized PCR products by means of PAGE with silver staining. The amount of genomic DNA extracted from serum was sufficient for genotyping individuals at DNA microsatellite locus of D2S1777 with the allele size is approximately 160 bp. We show that serum can provide a reliable alternative for obtaining DNA where taking blood using anticoagulant is impracticabl
BINARY VECTOR CONSTRUCTION AND Agrobacterium tumefaciens-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF LYSOZYME GENE IN SEAWEED Kappaphycus alvarezii
No full textIce-ice disease is the biggest problem in the cultivation of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The disease is caused by bacterial infection and induced by drastic changes of water quality. Lysozyme has the ability to break down bacterial cell wall. The purpose of this research was to construct of a binary vector pMSH1-Lys carrying chicken Lysozyme (Lis) gene and introduce pMSH1-Lis on K. alvarezii. The binary vector expression was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by triparental mating. Thallus was inoculated with A. tumefaciens carrying pMSH1-Lis and then the transformed thallus was selected by adding 20 mg/L hygromycin to the culture medium. PCR analysis showed that the construction of the binary plasmid pMSH1-Lys was established. Percentage of transformation of pMSH1-Lis on K. alvarezii was 23.56%, while the efficiency of regeneration was 11.32%. PCR analysis showed that three of the regenerated thallus contained Lysozyme gene. Thus, transgenic K. alvarezii was produced successfully and this can be useful for studying the mechanisms of seaweed defense against bacterial infection