BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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VIABILITY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE INTEGRITY OF THE SPOTTED BUFFALO EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA AFTER THAWING WITH THE ADDITION OF DEXTROSE INTO THE EXTENDER
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to obtain the viability and plasma membrane integrity of the spotted buffalo epididymal sperm after addition of dextrose into AndromedÒ extender. Spermatozoa that have been collected from cauda epididymis were diluted with AndromedÒ extender as control (K) and AndromedÒ + 0.2% dextrose (P1) and AndromedÒ + 0.4% dextrose (P2) as treatments. The results showed that the quality of epididymal spermatozoa decreased during cryopreservation process. The percentage of motility after thawing in P1 (46%) and P2 (46.67%) were significantly higher (
SPECTRAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWLAND TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF JAMBI, SUMATERA
Get PDFAnalyses of Landsat TM and SPOT multispectral data were performed with a very detailed description of the vegetation cover in the field to get a relevancy and consistency of digital image classification in a semi-automatic approach. Three main vegetation types, i.e. primary forest, logged-over forest and secondary forest after clear cut were analyzed and the microclimatic parameters were also measured to describe the ecological condition of the vegetation. Spectral and textural analysis of data obtained from field measurements and spectral reflectance values of the remote sensing data are the main topic of this report as one aspect of study on the Digital Method of Detection and Monitoring on Forest Ecosystem Change Using High Resolution Satellite Data funded by the Indonesian National Research Council. This study shows that spectral reflectance values alone cannot differentiate the logged-over forest from the primary forest, but it is very sharply distinguished from the secondary forest. As for the texture analysis, it is possible to distinguish the logged-over forest from the primary forest, as shown by different values of degree of Entropy, although spatially, it is still doubtful. Key words: Indonesia/Jambi/Tropical rain forests/lowland areas/Remote sensing/Vegetation Analysis/ Logged-over forests/Primary forests/Secondary forests
Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology 8600 Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines
Get PDFSelected fungicides were tested to control damping-off affecting bagras seedlings in the Central Nursery of the Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines (PICOP), Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The fungicides, at three concentrations each, were applied once before seed sowing to control pre-emergence damping-off and applied again after germination to control post-emergence damping-off. Ajax detergent (2g/l H2O), Benlate (0.5 g/1 H2O), Brassicol (1.5 gv\u27l H2O), and Fungitox (1.0 g/1 H2O) provided the best level of control against the disease. Ajax detergent is the most practical among the best chemicals because it is cheap, locally available, not a health hazard, and less polluting. Key Words : Eucalyptus deglupta/ Seeds/Nursery/flWzoctoma so/am\u27/Fungicides/Applicatio
STUDIES ON INTERFERENCE AMONG TREES IN A PLANTATION OF ALTINGIA EXCELSA
Get PDFA study was made with the use of a 50-year old Altingia excelsa Noronha plantation with 260 standing trees for separating components of density and intraspecific competition. A component of density effect causes overall decrease in growth while that of competition results in a contrasting effect in growth between any pair of neighboring trees. To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2 irrespective of the experimental area, e.g. circular or quadratic. Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters. An application of the density and competitive ability to tree breeding is briefly mentioned
REMOVAL AND LEACHING OF NUTRIENTS BY SALVIN1A MOLESTA MITCHEL AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS
Get PDFProfuse growth of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta in Singapore reservoirs required their regular manual removal as their prolonged presence can lead to deterioration in the quality of the potable water. Clearing of the reservoir catchments, together with regular removal of the weeds and dumping them away from the catchments, should, in the long term, reduce their presence in the reservoirs. Laboratory experiments showing the removal of chloride, sulphate, phosphorus and nitrate from the growing medium and the release of chloride, phosphorus and nitrate by rotting plants should convince the administrators of the benefit of proper management of the problem
ECOLOGICAL STUDY IN TWO QUARRIED LIMESTONE KARST HILLS IN BOGOR WEST JAVA: VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND FLORISTIC COMPOSITION
Get PDFMany species extinctions have probably gone unnoticed on limestone that was destroyed before they could be sampled. Unless biodiversity surveys are intensified, the true magnitude of extinctions will never be ascertained. The objectives of this study were to determine tree species composition of limestone hills in Nyungcung and Ciampea; to determine quantitatively the dominant and less dominant species and to quantify floristic structure of the two limestone hills. Value of richness (Menhinick) and evenness in Nyungcung were 3.28 and 0.826 whilst in Ciampea were 3.29 and 0.823, respectively. In term of diversity (Shannon Wiener), Nyungcung seems to be more diverse than Ciampea as indicated by the higher value of diversity index. Nyungcung has 3.225 of diversity (Shannon Wiener) index while Ciampea has 2.859. The floristic composition of two sites was significantly different and  mostly comprised Moraceae, Rubiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. However, the highest presence of species were Antidesma montanum (Euphorbiaceae) and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum (Sapotaceae), and Pandanus sp. (Pandanaceae) in Nyungcung, whereas in Ciampea, Harpullia arborea (Sapindaceae), Ophiorhhiza canescens (Rubiaceae), and Allophyllus cobbe (Sapindaceae). Macaranga rhizinoides, O. canescens, A. montanum, and Turpinia montana , respectively , gained the highest importance values.
Key words: limestone, flora, composition, quarrie
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM RICE FIELDS
Get PDFMethane is a greenhouse gas and has potency to deplete ozone layer. Rice fields are a significantly sources of atmospheric methane. Chemical fertilizers application in rice fields can increase methane emission. Methanotrophic bacteria are unique in their ability to utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source. This research was successfully isolating and characterizing methanotrophic bacteria from rice fields in Bogor and Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Determination of methane oxidation activity using Gas Chromatography showed that all isolates performed methane oxidation activity. The highest methane oxidation activity was performed by BGM 9 isolate. And DNA amplification of BGM 9 genome was performed single band of mmoX in the size of 500 bp and three bands of pmoA in the size of 1000, 750 and 500 bp respectivel
PHYSIC NUT (JATROPHA CURCAS L.) DISEASES IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Get PDFIntensified cultivation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) could raise the importance of plant diseases. The objectives of this research were to diagnose diseases occurring on physic nut in Lampung Province and to determine their intensity. Field observation was conducted in four districts: South Lampung, Tanggamus, Bandarlampung, and Tulang Bawang. Disease intensity, whether expressed as disease incidence or severity, was recorded from plant samples determined by making diagonal lines across the field on which five observation spots were made. On each spot, five plant samples were observed. Specimens were also collected and placed individually in plastic bags for laboratory observation. The diseases found on physic nut in Lampung Province were cercospora leaf spot, alternaria leaf spot, fusarium wilt, and bacterial wilt. In addition, leaf malformation first thought to be viral disease was commonly found in many locations. Further mechanical transmission failed to produce similar symptom on tested plants and higher population of mites were found on malformed leaves than that in normal leaves. Based on the disease distribution and intensity, the most likely threatening disease in physic nut cultivation is bacterial wilt. Fusarium also caused wilt, but it was only found in one subdistrict with low incidence. Keywords: Alternaria, Cercospora, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, Jatropha curcas disease
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH GRASSES IN TEN STATES THROUGHOUT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Get PDFFusarium is one of the important genera associated with grasses as saprophytes endophytesand pathogens A study was carried out on distribution and diversity of Fusarium speciesassociated with two groups of grasses in 10 states throughout Peninsular Malaysia ieagricultural grasses Oryza sativa and Saccharum officinarum and nonagricultural grassesAxonopus compressus Centhotheca lappacea Chloris barbata Crysopogon aciculatus Cyanadon dactylonDactyloctenium aegyptium Digitaria ciliaris Echinochloa colona Eleusine indica Eragrostis amabilisEragrostis malayana Eragrostis uniloides Ischaemum magnum Panicum brevifolium Panicum millaneumPanicum repens Paspalum commersonii Paspalum conjugatum Paspalum orbiculare Pennisetum purpureumSacciolepis indica Sporobolus diander and Sporobolus indicus A total of 474 isolates were singlespored and identified by morphological characteristics F semitectum was frequently isolated236 followed by F sacchari and F fujikuroi with 154 and 146 respectively The othernine species were F solani 103 F proliferatum 89 F oxysporum 74 F subglutinans65 F equiseti 55 F verticillioides 34 F compactum 25 F chlamydosporum 11 andF longipes 08 Based on the ShannonWeiner Index F solani was the highest H 262isolated from grasses Species of Fusarium from O sativa were widely diverse with 11 speciesfollowed by nonagricultural grasses with nine species and S officinarum with only six speciesThis is the first report on diversity of Fusarium associated with grasses in MalaysiaKey words Oryza sativa Saccharum officinarum nonagricultural grass Fusarium speciesdiversity and Graminea
TROPICAL PALMS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS AND DIVERSITY, WITH A FOCUS ON Pinanga DIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Get PDFARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- The palm genus Pinanga is the most diverse in Southeast Asia. - Limited ecological studies on Pinanga show the influence of environmental factors.- High Pinanga endemism in Borneo requires conservation action.ABSTRACTPalms represent some of the keystone species in tropical forests, providing numerous ecosystem services. They are widely studied by botanists because of their iconic and majestic appearance, although ecological studies of palm abundance, distributions, and diversity have only recently begun to gain attention. The abundance and diversity of palms at different spatial scales can be influenced by various factors, such as climate, soil properties, hydrology, topography and forest structure; understanding these influences is essential for conservation. This review details four abiotic factors (climate, soil chemistry, hydrology and topography) and one biotic factor (forest structure) affecting palm distribution and diversity. The genus Pinanga, one of the most diverse genera of palms, is discussed in terms of its distribution and diversity in Southeast Asia. Ecological studies on Pinanga diversity in the region are examined, revealing the influence of micro- and macro-scale variation in environmental factors, such as litter depth and thickness, canopy openness and crown cover, elevation, slope, aspect, light intensity, humidity and air temperature. The existing knowledge gaps on Pinanga ecology in Southeast Asia are discussed, and the need for more studies on population structures, functional traits and determinants of Pinanga diversity and distributions within different lowland forest types in the region are highlighted. The high endemism shown by Pinanga necessitates a more comprehensive ecological understanding of this genus to better inform its conservation and protection