BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
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PRESENCE OF hemA-LIKE AND hemT-LlKE GENES IN A JSUMBER OF ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM BOGOR AREA
Get PDFThe Rhodobacter sphaeroides hemA and hemT are known to encode a distinct 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthase isozyme. This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in ALA biosynthesis through the C4 pathway. This study was carried out to detect hemA-\\ke and hemT-\\ke genes in twenty Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterial (APB) isolates from several wetland areas in Indonesia, and four DNA samples that were isolated from four soil samples obtained from Bogor area. Hybridization techniques of Southern and dot blot were used, using hemA and hemT fragment as probes. Southern hybridization analyses indicated the presence of hemA-\\ke gene in five of APB isolates, i.e., MB15, MB16, MB21.2, MB55 and MB6, whereas hemT-\\ke gene was detected only in MB15. Dot blot hybridization analyses suggested that the soil samples from waterlogged paddy-field, dry paddy-field as well as a mud pond were predominantly occupied by prokaryotic organisms which harboured hemA-]\ke gene. However, /iem7"-like sequences were also found in soil sample from dry paddy-field. Key words:Â Â Â hemA-\\ks gene / hemT-\\ke gene / Southern hybridization analysis / dot blot hybridization analysis
FEEDING ECOLOGY OF TREE-CLIMBING MANGROVE SESARMID CRABS FROM LUZON, PHILIPPINES
Get PDFDespite the large ecological study of tree-climbing mangrove sesarmid crabs in other countries, the Philippine representatives appear to have not been investigated extensively. This paper presents the feeding ecology as to dependence on mangrove trees of sesarmids in different mangrove areas of southern Luzon. This is biased on the nature of the crab habitats, arboreal climbing skills and burrowing behavior of the sesarmids: Selatium elongatum and Episesarma versicolor - exclusive mangrove tree climbers (EMTC); Sarmatium germaini - occasional mangrove tree climber (OMTC); and the non-mangrove tree-climbing (NMTC) sesarmids- Neosarmatium smithii, Perisesarma bidens and Perisesarma eumolpe.Key words:   mangrove crabs, sesarmid crabs, climbing skills, burrowing skills, arboreal climbing crabs, Catanduanes, Philippine
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE BACTROCERA DORSALIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) USING WING IMAGE ANALYSIS
Get PDFThe Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) used in this study included B. dorsalis, B. arecae, B. propinqua, B. pyrifoliae, B. verbascifoliae, and three new species complexes are species E, species K and species P. Bactrocera tau was used as an out-group. A total of 424 adults, which emerged from pupae collected from natural populations in Thailand, were prepared for wing measurements. Morphometric analysis was performed on measurements of wing vein characters. Wing images were captured in digital format and taken through digital image processing to calculate the Euclidean distance between wing vein junctions. Discriminant and cluster analyses were used for dichotomy of classification processes. All 424 wing specimens were classified to species in terms of the percentage of "grouped" cases which yielded about 89.6% accurate identification compared with the formal description of these species. After clustering, the percentage of "grouped"cases yielded 100.0%, 98.9%, 98.1%, 95.2% and 84.6% accurate identification between the B. dorsalis complex and B. tau; B. arecae and Species E; B. dorsalis and B. verbascifoliae; B. propinqua and B. pyrifoliae; and species K and species P, respectively. This method of numerical taxonomy may be useful for practical identification of other groups of agricultural pests. Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis complex/wing image processing/morphometric/discriminant and cluster analyses
THE STATUS OF MOLLUSK DIVERSITY AND PHYSICAL SETTING OF THE MANGROVE ZONES IN CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES
Get PDFThe status of mollusk diversity and physical setting of mangrove areas in Catanduanes island, Luzon (Philippines) are described. A total of 57 species of molluscs, consisting of 27 gastropods and 30 bivalves were recorded in the island. The most abundant of these molluscs are the prosobranch, Terebralia sulcata; corbiculid bivalve, Geloina coaxans; potamidiids, Cerithidea cingulata and Cerithidea rhizophorarum; and two other species of the genus Littorina (Littorinopsis). Using the physiographic model, majority of the mangrove areas under study follow the composite river and wave-dominated setting with some few areas having the wave-dominated, tide-dominated allochthonous setting following the physiognomic model.
Keywords: Mollusk diversity, mangrove areas, Philippine
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA EMPHASIZING THE CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Get PDFChromolaena odorata, Siam weed, a very important weed of Java Island (Indonesia) is native to Central and South America. In the laboratory it showed rapid growth (1.15 g/g/week) in the first 8 weeks of its growth. The biomass was mainly as leaves (LAR : 317.50 cm\u27/g total weight). It slowed down in the following month as the biomass was utilized for stem and branch formation. This behavior supported the growth of C. odorata into a very dense stand. It flowered, fruited during the dry season, and senesced following maturation of seeds from inflorescence branches. These branches dried out, but soon the stem resumed aggressive growth following the wet season. Leaf biomass was affected by the size of the stem in its early phase of regrowth, but later on it was more affected by the number of branches. The introduction of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata to Indonesia, was successful only in North Sumatera. In Java it has not been reported to establish succesfully. The introduction of another biological control agent, Procecidochares conneca to Indonesia was shown to be specific and upon release in West Java it established immediately. It spread exponentially in the first 6 months of its release. Field monitoring continues to evaluate the impact of the agents. Other biocontrol agents (Actmole anteas and Conotrachelus) wilt be introduced to Indonesia in 1997 through ACIAR Project on the Biological Control of Chromolaena odorata in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Keywords: Indonesia / North Sumatra / West Java / Biological control / Chromolaena odorata i Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata I Procecidochares conneca
THE ADSORPTION OF IMAZAPYR BY THREE SOIL TYPES IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe adsorption of imazapyr in three Indonesian soil types was investigated with labelled 14 C-imazapyr using Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The availability of adsorbed imazapyr to plants as affected by washing and liming was assayed using root elongation of rice seedlings. Red-Yellow Podsolic soil adsorbed imazapyr more than Andosol and sandy soil of Laladon. The adsorption was greater at lower pH. Washing seemed to reduce the concentration of imazapyr as shown by the increasing length of rice roots. On the other hand liming facilitated higher concentrations of imazapyr in the solution as shown by the reduction of rice root length. The practical implication is discussed
SURVEILLANCE OF β-LACTAMASE GENES OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN IN WET MARKETS OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES
No full textArticle Highlights- blaCTX-M gene in 24.7% while blaTEM gene in 11.2% of Salmonella isolates.- Coexistence of blaCTX-M groups II and IV in all blaCTX-M-positive isolates.- Dominance of blaCTX-M corroborated with phenotypic β-lactam resistances.- blaCTX-M-positive isolates had extended-spectrum β-lactamase and multidrug resistance.
AbstractSalmonella sp. is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium causing millions of cases with hundred thousand death incidents. Infection by Salmonella can diversely manifest as gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and enteric fever. Salmonella can be transmitted through direct consumption of contaminated foods especially animal-based foods, such as chicken meat and its derivatives. Over the years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and diverse β-lactamase (bla) gene-carrying Salmonella strains have been reported. These facts are alarming given that cephalosporins are a major class of β-lactam antibiotics used in clinical settings. Hence, the main objective of this study was to molecularly detect the occurrence of different bla genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and profile the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from various chicken sample types in wet markets of Metro Manila, Philippines. Of the 89 Salmonella isolates, blaCTX-M had the highest occurrence, detected in 22 isolates (24.7%), while blaTEM was detected in 10 isolates (11.2%). Genotypic and phenotypic resistance corroboration was observed in nearly all blaCTX-M-positive Salmonella tested, with all strains showing resistance to ampicillin and nitrofurantoin (100%) and 21 out of 22 (95.5%) exhibiting resistance to both non-extended and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. In addition, blaCTX-M groups II and IV genes were co-detected and multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles were also observed in all blaCTX-M-positive isolates. The high AMR patterns of Salmonella isolates suggest potential threats to food safety and public health. Additionally, the corroboration of phenotypic and genotypic resistance and the high occurrence of MDR among Salmonella isolates highlight the importance of continued surveillance of AMR genes and regulation of antimicrobial use to combat AMR
ECOLOGICAL INDICES OF MANGROVE GASTROPODS COMMUNITY IN NICKEL MINING IMPACTED AREA OF POMALAA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Get PDFArticle Highlights- Gastropods (Invertebrates: Mollusca) have the potential to be developed as biological indicators of the health of coastal aquatic environments- The development of gastropod communities has been proven to provide a significant ecological response in assessing environmental quality in the mangrove in relation to overburden waste input from nickel mining activities.- Overburden waste systemically degrades the ground floor (substrate) of the mangrove ecosystem as an area where the entire life cycle of the gastropod community is carried out.AbstractThis research aimed to determine the structure of gastropod community in the nickel mining impact area in the mangrove ecosystem of Tambea Village, Pomalaa District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The scope of this research was gastropod community influenced by nickel mining activities, especially the impact of overburden waste input (reddish-orange colored sediment) toward the health status of the aquatic environment based on the ecological indices of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem of Tambea Village. Two sampling methods were adopted in this research: (1) purposive sampling method to determine stations (locus) and (2) simple random sampling method to determine the distribution of substations or sampling points. Gastropod samples were taken using handpicking techniques. The structure of gastropod community in mangrove area affected by overburden waste showed low diversity index values (H’ = 0.81), low species richness (R = 1.75), moderate evenness (E = 0.50), and dominance of certain species (C = 0.54). The results of this research showed the massive impact of overburdened waste, which can systemically degrade the life of the typical fauna that make up the mangrove ecosystem. Three gastropods species were observed to live in the research location, namely Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia sulcata, and Terebralia palustris having low abundance (1-9 ind./m2) which can survive in environment exposed to overburden waste. Many of gastropod species were found dead, indicated by the finding of 2 shells of Ellobium aurisjudae. The input of overburdened waste may imply degradation system of the aquatic environment, especially in the mangrove ecosystem. This research offers outlooks of overburden waste on aquatic biota in mangrove ecosystems and other complimentary ecosystems. In the end, the condition of the gastropod community in a watered area becomes a basis of the health status of the water environment
IV. STORAGE AND GERMINATION TESTS ON SHOREA JAVANICA SEEDS
Get PDFSeeds of Shorea javanica K & V (Dipterocarpaceae), were subjected to different treatments of temperature (27 ± 2°C, 20 ± 2°C and < 10°C), coating (ash and paraffin) and relative humidity (20, 66 and 86%) and their germination capability as well as moisture content assessed after 3, 7, 14 and 30 days of storage. The germination percentage of the seeds stored 30 days in a cloth bag under different conditions of temperature showed highly significant differences (a = 0.01). No significant differences were found on the effect of coating, duration of storage as well as on the interaction between these two factors. The moisture content of the seeds between 13 and 14% gave a germination percentage above 50% after 30 days. Â
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL LAND USE CHANGES IN BANTEN BAY, INDONESIA USING DIFFERENT CHANGE DETECTION METHODS
Get PDFMany types of the coastal land use in Banten Bay have been assessed in order to know the change as evidently detected by Landsat imagery in 1994 and 2001. Image processing such as, supervised classification and various change detection techniques are performed to the satellite images. Red Green method showed the best result for detecting the coastal land use change. This method is suitable for detecting the increasing areas of the paddy fields and settlement. Image Differencing method is capable to detect the increasing areas in agriculture, decreasing in fishponds and natural areas. Image Ratioing method can be considered suitable for detecting the increasing area of fishponds, decreasing of paddy fields and agriculture areas. Each coastal land use type has increased, except for the natural area/brushwood. Most of agriculture and paddy fields areas have been converted to fish ponds. Key words: coastal land use/land cover, change detection method, remote sensin