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Essays on Industrial Development
Full text linkThis dissertation comprises three articles, each exploring distinct yet interconnected aspects of industrial development research. This dissertation investigates key factors influencing rural development and industrialization in Indonesia, firm survival, and the relationship between ownership, productivity, and exports. The first study examines how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) contributes to rural industrialization using village-level survey data from 2018 and 2021. Employing Instrumental Variables (IV) with a 2-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimation, the findings reveal a positive correlation between ICT and industrialization. Enhanced cellular networks, internet access, and strong telephone signals support manufacturing growth, industrial community formation, and a shift toward industrial-sector employment. ICT also improves rural welfare by reducing poverty and reliance on overseas migrant work.
The second study explores firm survival in Indonesia's medium and large manufacturing sectors using firm-level census data from 1995 to 2015. Employing Poisson regression and the Cox proportional hazard model, it finds that firm efficiency is critical for survival. Technological proficiency lowers exit rates, increases firm longevity, and enhances market retention. The study underscores the necessity of efficiency-driven policies for sustaining Indonesia’s manufacturing enterprises.
The third study investigates the dynamic relationship between firm ownership, productivity, and exports using firm-level data from medium and large manufacturing censuses, published by BPS from 1995-2015. Using a panel VAR model, results show that foreign ownership significantly boosts productivity and exports, while domestic ownership does not significantly influence productivity. Both foreign and domestic firms contribute to global trade, highlighting the importance of export-driven policies and foreign investment. The study suggests that industrial policies should focus on enhancing productivity, promoting exports, and attracting foreign capital to strengthen Indonesia's manufacturing sector
Necessity of Excellency: Rethinking Business Excellence: An Internal Organizational Communication and Motivation-Centered Perspective [védés előtt]
Full text linkCurrent research addresses some of these shortcomings of current major business excellence
models and gives an overview to create a new business excellence model which emphasizes the
quality aspect in the process of communication in organizations. This dissertation presents a
novel analysis of major business excellence models, emphasizing the crucial roles of organizational communication and employee motivation in achieving success. It introduces a new business excellence model that integrates these elements, particularly in the context of
remote working, highlighting how effective communication and motivation are essential in today's evolving work environments. This dissertation makes a theoretical contribution by reinterpreting business excellence models through the lens of organizational communication and motivation, emphasizing these elements as core drivers of organizational excellence. This dissertation offers also a theoretical novelty by combining Socio-Technical Systems (STS
The Challenges and Potentials of Circular Economy in Sub- Saharan Africa – Analysis of drivers and barriers for waste exchange and utilization based on five case studies [védés előtt]
Full text linkThe aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the research and understanding of sustainable development and green industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by focusing on the issue of waste utilization through the concept of circular economy (CE). As presented below, consumption and waste generation trends are concerning in the region. However, waste management research is underrepresented in this area, especially in fundamental research. There is little primary data available that could provide a basis for specific solutions and policy interventions related to local conditions and problems (e.g. waste types, technology, regulation, social perceptions and behavior). Consequently, the issue resembles a blind spot for research and for policy, as well. Therefore, the motivation of this thesis work is to explore this domain and provide primary data and develop a research toolkit which can be used in following research activities. Moreover, it is of highlighted importance to inform policymaking with the research findings in the form of policy recommendations.
Accordingly, the nature of this dissertation is based on exploratory and fundamental research as well as grounded theory. Beyond, as emphasized below, the inspiration for the research derives from the waste generation trends and projections in Sub-Saharan Africa. This means that the work focuses on materials generated and used locally, not the ones imported (legally or illegally) to the continent.
The research puzzle in this context centres around the challenges and opportunities of the exchange and utilization of waste and by-product materials. The dissertation clarifies this puzzle through five case studies, based on field research activities in Uganda, Zambia and Ghana
Forever Ephemeral? – An Exploratory Analysis of Youth Self-presentation with Instagram Stories in the Context of Visual Mobile Communication
Full text linkThe general objective of this dissertation can be summarized as follows: To analyze, within visual mobile communication, the influence of ephemeral images from Instagram Stories in the self-presentation of the youth born in the 21st century (aged 18-22 years old). A more focused set of specific objectives, also directly connected to the previous RQs, reflects on the contribution to theory, analyzes the ephemeral images, and describes the characteristics of those studied online experiences:
• Theory: To provide a theoretical basis on how social media applications with ephemeral content intersect with visual mobile communication.
• Images: To typify the visual self-presentation strategies mediated by ephemeral content of Instagram Stories among the youth.
• Experiences: To investigate the characteristics that distinguish the use of ephemeral images as a communication practice among the youth on visual social media.
To answer these questions and meet these objectives, the research draws on three main lines of knowledge: Visual mobile communication, visual social media studies, and self-presentation on social media. The popularization of smartphones has transformed visual communication as a practice, reshaping how people create, share, and consume visual content (Ling & Horst, 2011; Hand, 2020). While mobile communication began in the 1990s, it was the widespread adoption of smartphones in the early 21st century that made visual mobile communication a pervasive part of daily life. By early 2023, an estimated 5.44 billion people globally owned mobile phones (Kemp, 2023). Technological advancements such as GSM, WAP, and mobile broadband were important in enhancing the functionality of these devices, making mobile communication more accessible and immediate (Ling & Horst, 2011)
Socioeconomic Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, caused severe global disruptions, with significant health and socioeconomic consequences. In Hungary, by May 2023, the pandemic led to over 2.2 million confirmed cases and nearly 49,000 deaths, prompting strict measures like lockdowns and travel restrictions. These efforts not only impacted health but also exacerbated existing inequalities, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. The pandemic’s effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective well-being (SWB) have been insufficiently explored, particularly in Hungary, where empirical research is scarce.
HRQoL, a multifaceted measure including physical, psychological, and social well-being, was assessed using tools like the EQ-5D-5L. Prior research suggested that HRQoL is influenced by factors such as age, gender, education, income, and employment. COVID-19 introduced new stressors like infection experiences, prolonged isolation, and vaccination status, complicating these relationships. Additionally, SWB, reflecting life satisfaction and mental health, was severely affected by pandemic-induced isolation and economic instability.
This study aimed to fill these gaps by analyzing how COVID-19 infection, the severity of infection, quarantine and vaccination status, and socioeconomic factors affected HRQoL and life satisfaction in Hungary. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combined a global literature review with an empirical cross-sectional survey of 2,000 Hungarian adults conducted between May and June 2021. The survey included sociodemographic and COVID-related data, measuring HRQoL with the EQ-5D-5L, life satisfaction with the SWLS, and mental health with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales.
Results showed that severe COVID-19 infection, quarantine, and lower socioeconomic status were linked to worse HRQoL and life satisfaction. Women, older adults, and the unemployed were particularly affected. Vaccination and higher education were associated with better outcomes. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to support vulnerable groups, enhance healthcare, and integrate mental health services in future health crises
Exploring Effects Of Integration Policy On The Inclusion Of Non-Eu Immigrants In Europe: The Case Of Maghrebi Immigrants In Spain And France [védés előtt]
Full text linkMainstream academic literature relates the success of migrant integration to socio-economic inclusion policies that seek to include migrants in the job market and secure their socio-economic right. However, the existence of personal as well as external factors (presented below) create a challenge for the current integration policies towards non-EU migrants, especially those of Maghrebi origins (Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria). This research is an attempt to contribute to mainstream literature on migrant integration theories considering signs of failure of integration such as; 1) the rise of radicalisation1 among selected categories of migrants; 2) alienation and dissonance from society; and, 4) increase of anti-immigrant attitude not only among extreme right-wing political parties but within the majority population at large.2 Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, such as interviews, analysis of laws and regulations, as well as data from the European Social Survey (ESS), I conducted an assessment of the impact of integration policies on Maghrebi immigrants in France and Spain. The qualitative results show that policy outcomes vary across integration dimensions between the two European countries, in spite of the fact that “social cohesion” indicators reveal that Maghrebi immigrants in Spain are more satisfied and attached to their host society than Muslims in France, where anti-immigrant discourse hinders policy initiatives for inclusion. The quantitative part applies ESS data to examine the perceptions and attitudes of the immigrant community in France and Spain, specifically focusing on Maghrebi immigrants as the sample of the case study. The study's findings demonstrate how attitudes mirrors the process of integration experienced by Maghrebi immigrants in two of Europe's largest immigration countries
The Effect of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Entrepreneurial Leadership Attributes
Full text linkThe Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a significant technological transformation that impacts human life, work, and interactions. This revolution is characterized by rapid advancements that merge the physical, biological, and cyber domains, facilitating artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality, and novel communication methods. This technological convergence is reshaping industries, creating opportunities and challenges, and transforming the global economy by generating new markets, disrupting traditional sectors, and altering work dynamics. Innovation, particularly in leadership, is essential for organizations to thrive amid rapid technological changes and increasing technological adoption. Companies must adapt their strategic management approaches to navigate this dynamic environment effectively. The research addresses a gap in the academic literature by examining how leadership traits can enable contemporary entrepreneurs to leverage this revolution for competitive advantage.
This dissertation examines the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on entrepreneurial leadership and innovation. It assesses how entrepreneurs adapt to emerging challenges and opportunities, analyzing transformations in leadership characteristics over time and their capacity to foster innovation within organizations—a critical factor for navigating continuously evolving industrial landscapes. The research problem is to investigate how the current industrial revolution affects the innovation paradigm, specifically how it impacts the contemporary entrepreneur in technology firms, which are most significantly influenced by the FIR.
The investigation employed a qualitative methodology, utilizing Grounded Theory Method and automated content analysis of interviews and biographies of 147 entrepreneurs across various periods from the First Industrial Revolution to the present Fourth Industrial Revolution. The primary analytical tool used was Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automatically identify leadership attributes in extensive written texts. While NLP facilitated document analysis, data collection remained labor-intensive. Sources comprised electronic public documents from internet databases, libraries, and repositories, including books, firm leaders' biographies, chapters on specific firms, newspapers, journals, and related publications. The diverse and extensive nature of these sources necessitated significant effort to gather and curate, underscoring the commitment to constructing a comprehensive and reliable dataset. The research proceeded along three distinct pathways: quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics and cluster analysis, identifying dominant leadership attributes and their evolution; Grounded Theory Method, examining the Fourth Industrial Revolution's impact on entrepreneurial leadership and the innovation paradigm; and Use-Case Analysis, which investigated six companies from different periods to provide detailed insights into the practical application of the findings.
The primary scientific outcomes of this dissertation are as follows:
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) has profoundly influenced innovation, necessitating a transition from traditional, closed models to open, collaborative ecosystems. Entrepreneurs must adapt by fostering collaboration, embracing calculated risks, and prioritizing rapid growth and organizational flexibility.
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) has significantly transformed the innovation landscape, necessitating entrepreneurial leaders who demonstrate adaptability, risk tolerance, and collaborative tendencies. These leaders must integrate emerging technologies, promote collaboration within technology-driven ecosystems, and navigate the uncertainties inherent in disruptive innovation.
• Visionary leadership is vital in the context of the FIR, requiring entrepreneurs to navigate a rapidly evolving technological landscape. Leaders must exhibit agility, decisiveness, resilience in the face of setbacks, and an inclination towards experimentation. Additionally, they should promote a collaborative and motivating management style that empowers employees to contribute creatively and exercise initiative.
• The FIR necessitates an innovation model emphasizing agility, collaboration, and data analysis. Leaders endorsing disruptive and open innovation are crucial, requiring qualities such as risk-taking, decisiveness, open-mindedness, and networking proficiency. They should welcome diverse perspectives, incorporate external ideas, and cultivate a creative atmosphere that enables employees to contribute to innovative processes.
• Organizations must adapt to the FIR by implementing flexible structures, promoting continuous learning, and fostering a collaborative and experimental culture. Identifying opportunities, assessing risks, and making data-driven decisions expeditiously are crucial in this dynamic environment.
• Operating effectively within an ecosystem is critical in the FIR. Companies must accelerate go-to-market strategies, integrate external technologies, and prioritize ethical leadership and stakeholder empathy. Leaders must consider the social and environmental implications of their decisions, demonstrating a commitment to responsible and sustainable practices.
• This research underscores the significance of ethical leadership and empathy in managing the complexities of FIR.
This dissertation contributes to the field of innovation studies by examining the relationship between technological advancements, entrepreneurial leadership, and the innovation paradigm. The findings provide significant insights for entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers regarding the promotion of innovation and addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity for additional research on the evolving dynamics of innovation and leadership in the context of rapid technological changes
A Játékosítás lehetőségeinek és hatásának vizsgálata az üzleti felsőoktatásban
Full text linkKutatásomban a játékosítás lehetőségeit és hatását vizsgáltam az üzleti felsőoktatásban. A játékosítás játékokból kölcsönzött elemek (játékelemek, játék mechanikák) használatát jelenti nem játékos folyamatokban. Ennek célja a tanulási folyamatban résztvevő hallgató tanulási élményének, ebből fakadóan a motivációjának erősítése. Játékos elemek például a rangsor, a kitűző, vagy a narratíva. Előbbiek a teljesítményre vonatkozó visszajelzés formái, utóbbi egy történeten („mesén”) keresztül teremt kapcsolatot a hallgatók és tananyag között. A játékosítás elemei egyúttal oktatást támogató pedagógia beavatkozásnak is minősülnek, amelyek célja a tudáskonstruálás hatékonyságának növelése a frontális oktatás határainak meghaladásával. A játékos elemek alkalmazása minden esetben valamilyen motivációs hajtóerőt jelent a hallgató részére, ezáltal fejti ki a kívánt motivációs hatást. Az oktatás játékosításával kapcsolatos kutatásban a játékosítás elemeinek meghatározása mellett meg kellett ismerni azok működési mechanizmusát a motiváció szemszögéből, illetve meg kellett határozni, hogy hogyan illeszthetőek be ezek az oktatási folyamatba. A kutatásomban a játékosítást a motiváció és a pedagógiai aspektus keresztmetszetébe helyeztem el olyan részletességgel, hogy ennek módszere más kurzusba is átültethető. Erre alapozva feltérképeztem a tanulás élményt befolyásoló tényezőket és élő tantermi kísérlettel alátámasztottam a játékosítás motivációra gyakorolt pozitív hatását
Examining The Sustainability Of The Current Account Balance Using A Probability Approach
Full text linkThis dissertation examines the sustainability of current account deficits through a probabilistic lens, challenging the intertemporal solvency framework which assumes perfect foresight and complete markets. The intertemporal solvency framework defines current account sustainability as a country’s ability to generate future trade surpluses sufficient to meet external obligations. However, this assumption neglects the pervasive role of economic uncertainty. In response, this thesis redefines sustainability as a probabilistic concept—measured by the likelihood that future current account balances remain below a specified threshold—thus offering a more realistic and dynamic assessment. This proposed novel probability approach is based on a forecasting exercise. Therefore, our contribution is primarily empirical rather than theoretical. The research employs several stochastic forecasting models, including autoregressive model, vector autoregression, vector error correction model, bayesian vector autoregression and bayesian time-varying coefficient, applied to a diverse set of countries and data from 1980 to 2023. It examines the macroeconomic and global determinants of current account reversals and their implications for economic growth. The findings reveal that global factors—particularly U.S. real interest rates and world economic growth—are significant predictors of reversals. Moreover, the severity of growth effects from reversals is shown to depend on pre-existing macroeconomic conditions, like the gross domestic product growth rate, strength of the exchange rate and fiscal discipline. The proposed probabilistic framework demonstrates strong predictive accuracy, successfully identifying unsustainable deficits and providing early warning signals. We further find that the unsustainability risk does not relate to whether the government or the private sector is the main driver of the current account balance. Our model further demonstrates responsiveness to short-term volatility, thereby offering a valuable complement to structural assessments such as the International Monetary Fund-External Balance Assessment. This work contributes to literature by integrating uncertainty into sustainability analysis and has practical relevance for policy design, including trade strategy and international coordination. It highlights embedding sustainability metrics into trade policy frameworks to ensure long-term external sector stability
A magyar járások „élhetőségének” vizsgálata térökonometriai és panel ökonometriai módszerekkel
Full text linkLétrehozható-e strukturális egyenletek modelljével egy olyan látens változó, amely méri a járási szintű fejlettséget?
A SEM becsléshez különböző gazdasági és társadalmi dimenziókból 13 változót használtam fel. Az 5 dimenzióra nem lehetett megfelelő modellt építeni. A változók közötti logikai és lehetséges oksági kapcsolatok alapján egy gazdasági és egy fejlettség látens változót hoztam létre. Az eredeti változókra, standardizált változókra és időbeli fix hatásokkal kiegészített standardizált változókra futtatott modellek közül a második lett a modelldiagnosztikai alapján a legjobb. Sajnos az általánosan alkalmazott modellminősítő mutatók (CLI, TLI és RMSEA) közül egyik sem érte el a megfelelő szintet. A látens változót ezért összevetettem a KSH komplex fejlettségi mutatójával. Ez alapján a látens változó eredménye validálható, a két mutató közötti korreláció 0,952. A 4 fejlettség kategória besorolása is nagyban átfed. Így elfogadtam a látens változót, mint a területi fejlettséget mérő indikátort. Kiemelném, hogy az alkalmazott módszertan segítségével mindössze 13 változóval sikerült leírni a fejlettséget. Ez a szakirodalomban ismertetett változószámhoz képest kifejezetten alacsony. A komplex fejlettségi mutatóban 23 mutatót használtak. A látens változó és SEM becslés képes megragadni és hasonló módon leírni a fejlettséget 13 változóval is. Tehát így kiszűrhető jó néhány redundáns változó.
Milyen területi kapcsolatok és mintázatok azonosíthatók a járások fejlettségének vizsgálata során?
Az általam számított járási fejlettség mutató esetén a fentebb leírt folyamatok összegződnek. A látens változó Közép-Magyarországon (főként Pest vármegye) és a Dunántúl északi részén vesz fel jellemzően magas értéket. A déli és keleti határmenti járások, valamint az északkeleti területek képezik a lemaradó járások körét. Ez azt sugallja, hogy a területi autokorreláció pozitív értéket vesz fel. A területi autokorreláció a Moran I statisztika és Geary C mutató alapján is közepesen szoros, pozitív.
Hogyan változott a járások fejlettségi szintjének különbsége 2012 és 2020 között?
Az időbeli változásokat tekintve 2012 után 3 évre valamivel alacsonyabb értékeket látunk, majd 2016-tól újra fokozatosan emelkedik a Moran I statisztika értéke. A legmagasabb értékeket a mutató 2020-ban veszi fel. Minden időszakban közepesen erős pozitív irányú területi autokorreláció van. A vizsgált időszakban a területi autokorreláltság nem csökkent, sőt a vizsgálati időszak végén volt a legmagasabb a mutató értéke. Hasonló képet kapunk a Geary C mutató esetén is. 2013-2015 között van egy kisebb gyengülés, majd 2016-tól valamelyest erősödik az autokorreláció. A legerősebb értéket itt is 2020-ban éri el. Ez azt sugallja, hogy a látens változó, fejlettség esetén a területi különbségek érdemben nem változtak a vizsgált időszakban. A látens változó leíró statisztikáiból is hasonló kép rajzolódik ki. A mutatókat vizsgálva látszik, hogy az adott években a fejlettség értéke közel szimmetrikus eloszlást követ. Látszik, hogy a medián és átlag értéke minden évben szinte azonosnak tekinthető. Mind a kettő mutató esetén látható egy folyamatos növekedés, tehát a fejlettség szintje nőtt. Nagyon hasonló mintázatot mutatnak a szóródási mutatók, mint a Moran I statisztika és Geary C mutató. 2012 után csökkent a terjedelem, tehát a legfejlettebb és legfejletlenebb járás között csökkent a különbség. Ez a tendencia 2016 után megfordult, növekedésbe váltott. 2020-ban mind az interkvartilis terjedelem, mind a teljes terjedelem nagyobb mint 2012-ben volt. Tehát az alacsony és magas fejlettségű járások között valamelyest nőtt a különbség. Ez mindenképp negatív változás. A vizsgálati időszakban a fejlettségi szint leginkább a gazdaságilag erős területeken, Pest vármegyében, a budapesti agglomerációban, valamint a Dunántúl középső részén, a Balaton környékén növekedett. Az említett területekkel a lemaradó járások nem tudták tartani a fejlettség növekedésében a lépést. Így a vizsgálati időszak végére a járások fejlettségi szintjen nem hogy közeledett, hanem kis mértékben nőtt köztük a különbség