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Russian Influence-Seeking by Way of Natural Gas Supplies in the Visegrad Countries from 1990 to 2015
Get PDFFindings of my dissertation contribute to three bodies of literature - in the first place to the burgeoning field of influence in international relations, secondly to the conflicted nature of energy security, and finally to the literature on policy choices during transition in the natural gas sector.
First, conceptual confusion about what influence in international relations is, how to measure it and analyse, persists in the literature. This is a result of the interplay of a number of factors. I argue, that the concept of influence is as important as it is ambiguous in international relations. The same applies to the notion of power. Moreover, the two concepts are inherently connected, however, one defines them, and they are even equated by many, at least in certain contexts, even though power-as-influence should be distinguished from power-as-control. Conceptually, I introduced the process tracing method to assessing historic developments of influence by analysing geographical proximity, existing pipeline infrastructure, ruling elites’ relations with Russia and the EU requirements on the stance of Visegrad Countries. To my best knowledge, this has not been done before.
Second, energy security resulted in more than three dozen mainstream definitions available in the energy security literature and additional meta-literature on the classification of energy security definitions and conceptualizations. My contribution to the energy security literature in this context is refocusing the concentration from a prescriptive conceptual approach to energy security which has been preoccupied with finding the right definition, to a conceptualization of energy security grounded in empirical observation and guided by a descriptive approach. Instead of defining what energy security ought to be, I provide empirical observations. Not everything that governments prioritize and do, which pertains to energy, is energy security. Contrary to the expectations of the literature, governments often prioritize other aims than security, even in the objective lack of sufficient security.
Additionally, I have enriched literature by introducing the quantitative measure of links of government officials to the previous regime, linking the problem of transitional policies to energy security, which is particularly applicable to understanding of security in general, and energy security in particular during times of transition from totalitarian regimes towards more open and pluralistic ones.
The broader theoretical contribution of this dissertation consists of finding the definition for influence in international relations, also finding an argument for reframing the energy policy debate by bringing back domestic politics, and contributing to understanding of policy prioritization during the transition in the natural gas sector. By providing an explanation for the variation and timing of domestic responses to the structural position of gas import dependence over time in countries in transition I have also contributed to the broader research field of domestic responses to comparable international conditions.
The analytical framework presented in the research could be used when applied to other cases within this understudied group of countries. The lack of theoretical background in the natural gas security problems has wrought a place where, in most cases, the descriptive analysis completely rules the debate on the role that natural gas resources play in foreign policy
The Role of Facial Enhancement Technology in Online Sales of Branded Color Cosmetics
Get PDFThe Role of Facial Enhancement Technology in Online Sales of Branded Color Cosmetics
This is an article-based dissertation. The author conducted three published studies to support this dissertation during her PhD studies. It includes three quantitative studies. The purpose of this dissertation is multifold: First, to explore the factors that may contribute to FET adoption. Second, to investigate the extent to which FET adoption contributes to subsequent online purchases (i.e., color cosmetics). Despite its strategic importance, the existing body of literature specifically discussing the essential role of AR-based FET on consumers’ behavioral intentions is still scarce (Javornik, 2016; Wang et al., 2022). Additionally, the customers’ adoption rate of FET is still relatively low with an unproven conversion rate on a mass scale (Monteros, 2021). The mechanisms by which users adopt FET and whether FET contributes to the online purchase intention of branded color cosmetics are still less explored.
To interconnect these three studies, the dissertation adopts the UTAUT theoretical model as the foundational framework, which was utilized in Study 3. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) developed by Venkatesh et al. (2003) is one of the most popular theories for explaining behavioral intentions to adopt new technology. The primary contribution of this dissertation is to extend the traditional UTAUT model (Venkatesh et al., 2003) and apply it in the context of FET. More specifically, UTAUT is used as a baseline model in this dissertation since it can be leveraged to examine determinants of AI adoption (Venkatesh, 2022) such as FET.
In this dissertation, the author primarily employed a quantitative online survey as the core research methodology, employing purposive and snowball sampling techniques for data collection. The sample populations varied across the studies: Study 1 focused on Chinese social media influencers (N=221), Study 2 on Indonesian FET users (N=262), and Study 3 on Chinese FET users (N=473). The dissertation investigated six independent variables (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, body esteem, and price sensitivity), one dependent variable (online purchase intention), one mediator (facial enhancement technology adoption), and one moderator (social media addiction). In total, eight construct-level hypotheses were tested throughout the dissertation. The constructs were measured using a five-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” (1) to “strongly agree” (5). All three selected studies utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SPSS and AMOS software for data analysis. A 2-step approach, comprising Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), was implemented to validate the hypotheses and generate the results.
This dissertation adapted UTAUT as the theoretical foundation, the main findings primarily stem from Study 3. Some relevant findings from Studies 1 and 2 are also presented, helping to shape the research model for the dissertation. For instance, body esteem was tested in the relationship with FET adoption in Study 1 and Study 2. In Study 1, body esteem was not found to be a significant predictor of FET adoption, whereas in Study 2, both positive and negative views of body esteem exhibited a positive relationship with FET adoption. These results inspired the author to include both positive and negative body esteem in the final dissertation model.
This dissertation has several theoretical contributions: First, this dissertation introduces a new concept, namely facial enhancement technology (FET). FET was used as an umbrella term in this dissertation to refer to artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) technologies capable of altering users' facial features in a virtual environment. Second, this dissertation’s primary theoretical contribution is to identify the antecedents of FET adoption and how it may lead to online purchases of branded color cosmetics. Third, this dissertation adds to the body of knowledge in social comparison theory by elucidating the roles of body esteem and online purchase behavior in the context of FET adoption, a relatively new innovation in interactive technology. Lastly, this dissertation introduces social media addiction as a moderating variable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dissertation to propose and provide empirical evidence of the moderating role of social media addiction in the relationship between FET and online purchases
What is inside the bottle? - a comprehensive analysis of the supply and demand side of the Hungarian pálinka sector
Get PDFBridging the Divide: Unveiling Global Disparities and Local Challenges in Academic Internationalization for a Holistic Approach to Change
Get PDFThroughout the article-based dissertation1,2,3,4, I examine contemporary academia, critiquing both the non-transparent domestic academic assessment practices hindering integration into the international research community and the perpetuating global disparities in knowledge production processes. Despite often appearing contradictory in domestic scholarly discourse, these critical viewpoints are interrelated. Addressing both internal regional deficiencies and structural power issues within academia is essential for effecting real change. The development of concrete reform proposals hinges on the visibility of these issues. Therefore, scholars must diligently bring disparities and challenges to light through rigorous research and critical analysis. Combining both bottom-up and top-down perspectives, the dissertation advocates for the centrality of transparency and accountability in academic practices.
The dissertation presents a multifaceted analysis of academic assessment practices, geopolitical biases, and gender disparities in scholarly impact, offering a series of critical contributions:
Comparative Analysis of Domestic Academic Assessment Processes: The dissertation critiques domestic academic assessment practices, contrasting them with Spain's ANECA and Poland's IDUB, highlighting how non-transparent processes impede international integration and career predictability. Article 1 (Chapter 1.1) emphasizes the need for reform to align with international standards, enhancing global visibility of local institutions.
Interconnected Critique of Global and Domestic Academic Systems: The dissertation argues that addressing global academic inequalities and advocating for domestic reforms are complementary. Article 1 (Chapter 1.1) proposes balanced reforms to improve both domestic assessment practices and global academic integration.
Geopolitical Biases in Scholarly Impact: The dissertation examines how geographic location affects scholarly impact, particularly in communication studies, revealing disparities in citation metrics and US dominance. Article 3 (Chapter 2.1) integrates critical sociological frameworks and altmetrics to offer a less biased view of scholarly impact, emphasizing inclusive citation practices.
Database Discrepancies: Article 2 (Chapter 1.2) analyzes the publication and citation indices of 365 Hungarian social scientists across MTMT, Scopus, and Google Scholar, highlighting the underrepresentation of Hungarian research in international academia.
Gender Inequalities in Scholarly Impact: The dissertation identifies gender imbalances in scholarly productivity, particularly in health policy. Article 4 (Chapter 2.2) examines citation patterns to reveal disparities between male and female scholars, advocating for gender-sensitive evaluation criteria and citational justice.
De-Westernization of CMS: The dissertation contributes to the de-Westernization discussion in communication research, highlighting the dominance of US-based scholarship and advocating for practices that elevate non-Western contributions.
Novel Altmetrics as Methodological Innovations: Introducing novel altmetrics (Scopus view counts) alongside traditional citation metrics, the dissertation expands critical scientometrics' toolkit.
Policy and Practice Implications for Enhancing Research Visibility: The dissertation offers strategic policy recommendations to enhance the international visibility and competitiveness of Central and Eastern European research. Article 2 (Chapter 1.2) provides empirical insights into Hungarian social scientists' publication patterns, calling for standardized global databases and transparent academic evaluation systems to address systemic challenges
Népesedési fordulat Magyarországon? – A fertilitási ráták és a termékenységet meghatározó tényezők elemzése
Get PDFEgy ország hosszú távú gazdasági kilátásait nagymértékben befolyásolja népességének nagysága, összetétele és annak várható jövőbeli változása. Mára számtalan fejlett országban is egyre markánsabb népességcsökkenés figyelhető meg, mely jelentős társadalmi és gazdasági feszültségeket teremt. Magyarországon a kérdéskör kifejezetten fontos gazdasági, politikai és társadalmi kérdéssé vált az elmúlt évtizedben.
Disszertációmban a magyarországi népesedési fordulat eléréséhez szükséges lehetőségeket elemzem, elsősorban a teljes termékenységi arányszám irányából. Rámutatok, hogy a 2,1-es értékkel jellemzett reprodukciós szinthez tartozó fertilitás egyes esetekben akár ennél az értéknél jelentősen alacsonyabb lehet. Másrészt elemzem, hogy a magyar teljes termékenységi arányszám elmúlt években látott emelkedése mögött milyen tényezők állnak, hosszú távon hol stabilizálódhat a mutató értéke. Munkámban bemutatom, hogy milyen főbb gazdasági és politikai vetületei vannak a demográfiai folyamatoknak (1. fejezet), majd ismertetem a fontosabb népesedési elméleteket (2. fejezet). A következő fejezetekben a népesség fenntartásához szükséges fertilitási ráták jellemzőit (3. fejezet), illetve a teljes termékenységi arányszám múltbeli alakulását és a fertilitást befolyásoló tényezőket (4. fejezet) veszem sorba.
Az elemzés során rámutatok, hogy
1) A fejlett országokban és Magyarországon a reprodukciós szinthez tartozó fertilitási ráta érdemi csökkentésére már nincs rendelkezésre álló tér, a mutató várható jövőbeli változása így érdemben nem befolyásolja ezen társadalmak népesedési viszonyait;
2) A reprodukciós szinthez tartozó fertilitási ráta (2,1) elérése rövid- és középtávon sem reális Magyarországon;
3) A jelenlegi migrációs, mortalitási és fertilitási tendenciák folytatódása esetén népesedési fordulat nem érhető el Magyarországon. Ellenben az eddigieknél magasabb, akár reálisan el is érhető fertilitási érték (1,8) nagyobb pozitív évi nettó migrációs egyenleggel és kedvezőbb mortalitási értékekkel kiegészülve középtávon népesedési fordulathoz vezetne hazánkban;
4) A jövőben Magyarország elöregedési kihívásai még pozitív népesedési fordulat esetén se lenne érdemben kisebb
Visual variations of violence – The metonymic framing of violence in the featured images of online news about Africa
Get PDFAs early as 2009, Forceville pointed out that the examination of non-verbal metonymies is more suitable for revealing their inherent power and nuanced, unnoticed effects than the analysis of their verbal counterparts. Although the ubiquity of (verbal) metonymy logically implies the frequent occurrence of nonverbal manifestations, visual metonymies have so far been pushed into the background behind verbal counterparts (Benczes, 2019).
This does not mean that there is no discourse on visual metonymies at all, in fact this discourse is becoming more and more active. One of the most productive “sites” of visual metonymies is the world of advertising (see Qui, 2013; Pérez-Sobrino, 2016; Kashanizadeh & Forceville, 2020; Chatti, 2022; Hidalgo-Downing & O’Dowd, 2023). Others have identified visual metonymies in children’s books (Guijarro, 2019; Puspitasari, 2022) and in political campaigns (Goehring, Renegar & Puhl, 2017; Benczes, 2019; Tasić & Stamenković, 2022). The puzzle is more about the exact steps along which visual metonymies can be identified, because authors do not offer details about the process and aspects of analysis and identification.
The dissertation specifically focuses on the rhetorical function of visual metonymies, namely the fact that they highlight certain features of a given phenomenon, while relegating others to the background. This characteristic makes metonymy an effective framing device. Although the mentioned studies all imply that visual metonymies are effective framing tools, visual metonymic framing has not yet been defined. The thesis reflects on both the theoretical (i.e., lack of definition) and methodological (i.e., lack of analytical framework) shortcoming by examining the potential inherent in visual metonymic framing in the light of the news genre, more specifically, violent news about Africa.
To account for the research niche, an analytical framework, examining the substitutions through which violence is depicted in online news via detecting the metonymic relations of the Action ICM and the metonymies of the Complex event ICM, was set up. The model was validated on a sample of 289 units of analysis. The sample, including articles from BBC Africa and CNN Africa in the period 2011-2020, was compiled in a semi-automated manner. First of all, the results revealed that the INITIAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT and FINAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT metonymies greatly outweigh the CENTRAL SUBEVENT FOR COMPLEX EVENT metonymy, thus supporting the related hypothesis. Second of all, the obtained results highlight that the AGENT FOR ACTION and PATIENT FOR ACTION metonymic relationships are responsible for more than half of all the metonymic relations detected in the images. Although the proportion of RESULT FOR ACTION and INSTRUMENT FOR ACTION relationships in themselves is not negligible, overall, an anthropocentric result (driven by AGENT FOR ACTION and PATIENT FOR ACTION) emerged. This finding also supports the related hypothesis.
Based on the findings, it can be said that the visual representation of violence in online news is a very fertile ground for the analysis of metonymic framing, since the display of violence is limited in several aspects, so news portals are forced to depict the events through substitutions. The analysed sample suggests that the majority of the substitutions strive to humanize the events, giving way to the emotional involvement of the readers (via the HUMAN OVER NON HUMAN principle and the news value of personification and impact).
The thesis provides new results in terms of theory and methodology as well. The following points summarize the novelties explored in this research.
• Introduction of a novel definition of visual metonymic framing: despite the fact that scholars agree that (visual) frames are often mediated by figurative language types, such as metaphors and metonymies in texts that offer a particular interpretation of events (among others, Burgers, Konijn & Steen, 2016; Charteris-Black, 2004; Catalano & Waugh, 2013; Catalano & Musolff, 2019), no definition has yet been offered as to what we mean by metonymic framing. This niche is even more evident in the literature on visual metonymies. The dissertation reflects on this deficiency by defining both metonymic framing and visual metonymic framing.
• Development of a novel model for the visual metonymic framing of violence: although the discourse on visual metonymies is increasingly active, the puzzle is posed by the lack of clearly defined steps along which visual metonymies can be identified in news images. Focusing on violence as a timeless news value, the dissertation advances an analytical framework that lays the foundations for application of the Violence ICM (motivated by the Action ICM and Complex event ICM).
• Identification of a novel metaphor-metonymy interaction in news images: the metaphor-metonymy interaction has so far been primarily investigated in advertisements, at least as far as the visual or multimodal scene is concerned (Pérez Sobrino, 2016; Kashanizadeh & Forceville, 2020). Although not the focus of the thesis, the identification and discussion of metaphor-metonymy interaction in the light of news images is a novel result.
I trust that the method can be suitable for examining the visual representation of any violent act, given that the analytical framework is specific enough to identify the Violence ICM, but at the same time flexible enough to be extended to the interpretation of visual representations of violence universally. It is particularly important in the present day to examine through which interpretive frameworks the media portrays violent events, such as wars. Thus, the presented model, allowing for the investigation of the narratives (and their implications) that are prioritized by visual substitutions in online news, is highly relevant and novel. After all, violence, conflict and negative events have always been considered newsworthy, they have always represented news values, and this will certainly remain so in the future as well
Combating Climate Change through Smart Innovations - Examination of smart city concept in light of sustainability
Get PDFWhile the Earth’s resources and capability are at its limits, while large part of the society is suffering from hardship, the other part is responsible for overconsumption, enormous waste generation. Pollution combined with self-centred human attitude led to the most crucial situation in our century of crises, Climate Change. It is currently one of the most urgent global problems, which are interconnected, complex and it has environmental, economic, social, and technological perspectives. While cities represent most of the population, the biggest greenhouse gas (GHGs) emitter, they use arable land for urban purposes, and they are the centre of services and production. Accordingly, cities were seen as excellent testing-grounds to put smart solutions in a new prospective and examine whether they could be or has been adapted into sustainable climate change combat by increasing the efficiency of mitigation and adaptation processes. For that reason, it will be investigated whether the focus of smart (city) solutions is either primarily environmental (smart-sustainable), or the focus is economic efficiency, but its use is more complex, which enhance sustainability. Based on this aim, the dissertation uses inductive approach, which is applied by using qualitative, explorative methodology such as semi-structured interviews (N=17) with content analysis to define the city level efficiency of the solutions, the driven factors within the decisions, and non-probability sampling methods during the questionary (N=550) to specify smart ability to increase climate awareness at the level of individuals. The research findings confirmed that, however the economic efficiency still dominate the development decisions, the environmental aspect is increasingly important mostly in the fields of mobility, energy usage and heating through the more complex, sustainable, resilient applied approaches in the implementation processes. In addition, there is a shrinking knowledge gap between the ‘investors’ (final users) and the providers of smart solutions, and the relevance of the sensitization and education of the population has become more important. Finally, through the survey, interviews and research, existing smart solutions have been collected within the six sectors of smart city to contribute to the educational purposes
Bringing long-haul destinations closer: the role of music in destination promotional videos
Get PDFThis dissertation delves into an often-overlooked ingredient in destination promotional videos: music. The title, "Bringing long-haul destinations closer: the role of music in destination promotional videos" aptly captures the core of this doctoral dissertation, whose main objective is to understand the role of music in destination promotional videos of long-haul destinations. To this end, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed along three stages:
First stage: Exploratory study based on focus groups discussions with Hungarian and international participants, conducted in Budapest. This study aimed to understand the role of music in destination promotional videos.
Second stage: Consisted of expert interviews, online and offline, with five experts in destination marketing and music from Hungary and Ecuador. This study aimed to better understand, from different perspectives, the function and importance of music in destination promotional videos.
Third stage: An experimental study took place in Budapest with the participation of Hungarians (n=26) and Ecuadorians (n=10). Ecuador was chosen as the unit of analysis because is a long-haul destination and remains relatively unknown for the Hungarian market. The main goal of this study was collecting participants’ psycho-physiological measures such as skin resistance and heart rate while watching a promotional video of Ecuador with four musical variations (Andean folk vs. cinematic vs. pop vs. no music). This study was complemented with self-report. Self-report consisted of a self-assessment manikin (SAM) rating scale and an open-ended interview conducted after video exposure. Self-report techniques allowed to collect Hungarian and Ecuadorian participants’ subjective interpretations of their own reactions to the destination promotional videos.
Main findings
▪ Music is an essential element of persuasion, as this has the potential to generate favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards long-haul destinations.
▪ Music significantly influences arousal, valence, attention, and short-time memory. The amount of arousal and attention changed significantly from one musical stimulus to another. Correspondingly, the lack of music decreases arousal and attention. The cinematic track elicited the most arousal, whereas Andean folk track evoked the most positive feelings. Andean folk track drew the most attention and was also the most memorable among Hungarian participants.
▪ Music impacted on attitudes towards the video. For instance, video with traditional music (Andean folk track) was the most liked by both Hungarians and Ecuadorians.
▪ Attitudes towards the destination changed from one musical stimulus to another despite the same visuals. Attitudes are overall evaluations, therefore, with the Andean folk track the destination was seen as a cultural destination, very relaxing and hospitable. In contrast, with the cinematic track the destination was perceived as dangerous and for adventure tourism, whereas with the pop song the destination was described as a destination for party and fun.
▪ The most effective musical stimulus was traditional music. Because it drew the most attention, it was the most pleasant, the most memorable and most liked among potential tourists. Furthermore, traditional music made the destination look more welcoming and safer, which are positive factors to consider in a long-haul destination.
Conclusion
The novelty of this research is the use of music to shorten the relative distance between a destination and a market. Findings show that music “makes feel even the Amazonas, closer”. This means that music can counteract any negative perceptions about the long-haul destination i.e. insecurity, roughness, hostility. Since distance can decrease the competitiveness of a destination, due to stereotypes and false beliefs, the dissertation posits music as an alternative to bring long-haul destinations closer. As a persuasive element of destination promotional videos music should not be underestimated
Monetary Policy Spillovers – The Impact of Advanced Central Banks’ Decisions on Emerging Financial Markets
Get PDFThe thesis delves into the impact of advanced central banks' monetary policies on emerging government bond markets, the so-called 'monetary policy spillovers.' Over the past decade, there has been a reported correlation between interest rates on advanced and emerging financial markets. Following the Global Financial Crisis, substantial international capital flows occurred, particularly to government bond markets of emerging countries, influenced by the aggressive monetary easing of the major central banks. The research aims to address the puzzling question of the extent to which large central banks impact emerging financial markets. It outlines a research agenda to examine the size of monetary policy spillovers in the case of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of Japan. Beyond the magnitude of the spillover effect, regional differences and factors influencing recipient countries' sensitivity to international shocks are also examined. In summary, the thesis contributes to the international finance literature by shedding light on the relationship between advanced central banks’ monetary policy decisions and the dynamics of emerging government bond markets
Beyond Tradition: Exploring the Dimensions of Professionalization and Competitiveness in Hungarian Family Firms
Get PDFA doktori disszertáció, amely három megjelent folyóiratcikkből áll, a családi vállalkozások professzionalizálódására összpontosít erőforrás-alapú elméletéből kiindulva. A szerző a kutatási kérdések megválaszolásához vegyes módszertant alkalmazott, beleértve a szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintést, egy longitudinális esettanulmányt és egy nagymintás kvantitatív elemzést.
Az első tanulmány egy szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintés „Családi vállalatok professzionalizálódása - Szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés” címmel, amely a családi vállalkozások professzionalizációjának átfogó értelmezését mutatja be a 2000 és 2020 között megjelent elméleti és empirikus tanulmányok alapján. A tanulmány megállapította, hogy (1) a professzionalizáció jelentéstartalma számottevő fejlődésen ment keresztül az elmúlt 20 évben, és a külső, nem-családtag menedzserek felvételének egyszerű meghatározása idejétmúlt, helyette a megközelítés többdimenzionális aspektusa releváns. (2) A területről hiányzott a jelenség egyértelmű értelmezése, és a tanulmány egy átlátható, integrált modellt mutatott be, amely négy dimenzióval rendelkezik: (1) a menedzsment és a munkavállalók, (2) a szervezeti struktúra, folyamatok és működés, (3) a munkakörnyezet és a szervezeti kultúra, (4) valamint a vállalkozó család professzionalizációja. (3) A tanulmány szintetizálja továbbá a családi vállalkozások professzionalizációjával kapcsolatos meglévő nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalmat, bemutatva az átalakulás elsődleges előnyeit és hátrányait.
A második publikáció, amelynek címe „Hogyan professzionalizáljuk családi vállalkozásunkat? - Egy longitudinális esettanulmány tapasztalatai egy hazai közepes méretű családi vállalkozás példáján keresztül” a szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés eredményeire épít, és a négydimenziós modellt egy longitudinális kvalitatív esettanulmányban alkalmazza, egy családi tulajdonú és vezetésű középvállalkozást elemezve. A tanulmány felhívja a figyelmet a professzionalizálódási folyamat lényeges részleteire: (1) bemutatja, hogy a professzionalizálódás dimenzióinak egyensúlyban kell lenniük; ellenkező esetben a fejlődés hiánya egy vagy több kategóriában károsíthatja a cég teljesítményét, és konfliktusokhoz vezethet a cégen belül, (2) a nem családi vezetők döntő szerepet játszanak a vállalkozás professzionalizálásában, új irányítási és működési mechanizmusok bevezetésében, valamint új tudás és szakértelem bevitelében, amellyel a családi cégek korábban esetleg nem rendelkeztek. (3) A tanulmány kiemeli a vállalkozó család professzionalizációjának fontosságát, mivel a külső vezetők javíthatják a cég stratégiáját és működését, de a család és az üzlet közötti alapvető értékek és érdemek meghatározása kizárólag a család felelőssége, és világos jövőképet csak ők nyújthatnak a cégnek a jövőre vonatkozóan (pl. utódlás).
A harmadik, „A különböző erőforrás- és képességkonfigurációk és a versenyképesség közötti kapcsolat - összehasonlító tanulmány a magyar családi és nem családi vállalatokról”, című tanulmány a közepes méretű családi és nem-családi vállalatok különböző erőforrás- és képességkonfigurációit hasonlítja össze. A kutatás a longitudinális esettanulmányhoz kapcsolódik, amely bemutatta, hogy a családtagok és a külső menedzserek különböző erőforrásokat tartanak a vállalat számára lényegesnek. A tanulmány fő kérdése, hogy a tulajdonlás melyik típusa vezet magasabb versenyképességhez. A főbb eredményeik közé tartozik, hogy: (1) a családi és nem családi cégek eltérő erőforrás- és képességkonfigurációkra támaszkodnak; a családi cégek az innovativitást, az átalakulás-orientáltságot, a hálózatépítést és a kapcsolatmenedzsmentet fontosabbnak érzékelik, mint nem-családi versenytársaik, akik jobb menedzseri, működési és vezetői képességekkel rendelkeznek. (2) A nem-családi cégek sikeresebbnek bizonyultak, mivel magasabb versenyképességi indexet értek el, miközben az üzleti kiválóságra összpontosítottak. (3) Ha a családi cégek magasabb versenyképességet érnének el, ki kell használniuk a családiság előnyeit, és kombinálniuk az olyan alapvető kompetenciáik, mint a hálózatépítés és a kapcsolatmenedzsment, a vállalat operatív és vezetői szempontjaira való nagyobb összpontosítással. Az operatív kiválóságba való invesztálása egyúttal magasabb professzionalizációs szinttel is járn