Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment using plasmonic nanoparticles irradiated by laser in a rat model
Get PDFObjective: In the current study we have stimulated the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) by laser hyperthermia to achieve a less invasive method for tumor photothermal therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: The levels of apoptosis on induced BPH in rats were assessed after treatment and revealed and recorded by various assayed. Moreover, the expression of caspases was considered to demonstrate the apoptotic pathways due to laser induced plasmonic NPs. Results: In the Laser + NPs group prostate size of induced BPH decreased. Laser + NPs also decreased prostate specific antigen in comparison with the BPH groups. Furthermore, Laser + NPs attenuated BPH histopathologic indices in the rats. Laser + NPs induced apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells via caspase-1 pathway. Conclusions: Altogether, the approach and findings from this study can be applied to introduce the laser irritated NPs method as a novel and less invasive therapy for patients suffering from BP
Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Iranian Older People: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program
Get PDFOsteosarcopenia is an increasingly recognized geriatric syndrome with a considerable prevalence which increases morbidity and mortality. Although osteosarcopenia is a result of age-related deterioration in muscle and bone, there are many risk factors that provoking osteosarcopenia. These risk factors should be considered by the clinicians to treat osteosarcopenia. We assessed the link between osteosarcopenia and conventional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study that has been conducted within the framework of Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program stage II in which participants aged ≥ 60 years were included. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined as a t-score ≤ − 1.0 standard deviation below the mean values of a young healthy adult. We defined sarcopenia as reduced skeletal muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. Osteosarcopenia was considered as the presence of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. We estimated the age-standardized prevalence of osteosarcopenia for men and women, separately. Using modified Poisson regression analysis, adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% CI was used to show the measure of associations in the final model. Among 2353 participants, 1205 (51.2%) were women. Age-standardized prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 33.8 (95% CI 31.0–36.5) in men and 33.9 (30.9–36.8) in women. In both sexes, the inverse association was detected with body mass index and having osteosarcopenia (PR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.88 in men and 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.80 in women). In both sexes, high-fat mass was positively associated with osteosarcopenia [PR 1.46 (95% CI 1.11–1.92) in men, and 2.25 (95% CI 1.71–2.95) in women]. Physical activity had a significant inverse association in men (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46, 0.88), but not in women. Diabetes was also showed a direct association with osteosarcopenia in men (PR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.69). No associations were detected between the lipid profiles and osteosarcopenia. Results demonstrated a high prevalence of osteosarcopenia in both sexes suggesting a high disease burden in a rapidly aging country. Lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, as well as chronic diseases, were significantly associated with osteosarcopenia
Do subjective norms predict the screening of cancer patients' first-degree relatives? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: Early detection and preventive measures can reduce the risk of cancer among first degree relatives (FDRs) of cancer patients.Several studies investigated the effect of subjective norm in relation to FDRs' tendency to conduct preventive behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of subjective norms on cancer patients' FDRs as well as their willingness for screening. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were studied to investigate the effect of subjective norms on preventive measures such as breast cancer self-examination, colonoscopy, PSA testing, skin examination, and genetic testing. Odds Ratio (OR), correlation was and confidence intervals were extracted for meta-analysis. After reviewing the studies, only 16 studies met the criteria to be included in this systematic review. Results: The meta- analysis and OR showed that Physician Recommendation (OR=6.98, 95% CI; 2.55-19.09, P<0.001), Health Care Provider (HCP) (OR=2.79, 95% CI; 1.26-6.16; P=0.011), family and friends (OR=1.82, 95% CI; 1.33-2.50, P <0.001) significantly enhanced the likelihood of referring for screening and preventive measures. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicated that subjective norms can significantly increase willingness to screening
Folliculogenesis and follicular fluid adiponectin in cows: Its alterations and relationships with ovarian function [Folikulogeneza i adiponektin u folikularnoj tekućini krava: Promjene i odnos s funkcijom jajnika]
Get PDFThe objectives of the present study were to study the dynamic changes in adiponectin concentration in the growing luteal as well as the preovulatory follicles in dairy cows. In the first study, the ovaries and blood of 15 Holstein dairy cows in the luteal phase were collected from a slaughterhouse. Clear antral follicles were divided into three diameter groups (small, 3-5 mm; medium, 6-9 mm and large, ≥10 mm) and their fluid was aspirated. In the second study, the coccygeal blood and fluid of the preovulatory follicles of eight live Holstein dairy cows were aspirated transrectally, using a transrectal-guided fine-needle. Concentrations of adiponectin in the serum, and follicular fluid and progesterone in the serum were measured. Serum adiponectin concentrations in both luteal and follicular phases were higher than the follicular fluid adiponectin concentrations in all types of follicles (P0.05), and the reduction was seen in preovulatory follicles in comparison with small follicles (P = 0.001). In the luteal phase, a significant positive correlation was observed between the adiponectin concentrations in different sized follicles, and also in the serum progesterone and follicular fluid adiponectin of follicles (P<0.05). In conclusion, lower adiponectin concentrations in blood serum and preovulatory follicles in comparison to luteal growing follicles reflect the effect of ovarian stage on adiponectin alterations
TRAIL in oncology: From recombinant TRAIL to nano- and self-targeted TRAIL-based therapies
No full textTNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces the apoptosis pathway in tumor cells leading to tumor cell death. Because TRAIL induction can kill tumor cells, cancer researchers have developed many agents to target TRAIL and some of these agents have entered clinical trials in oncology. Unfortunately, these trials have failed for many reasons, including drug resistance, off-target toxicities, short half-life, and specifically in gene therapy due to the limited uptake of TRAIL genes by cancer cells. To address these drawbacks, translational researchers have utilized drug delivery platforms. Although, these platforms can improve TRAIL-based therapies, they are unable to sufficiently translate the full potential of TRAIL-targeting to clinically viable products. Herein, we first summarize the complex biology of TRAIL signaling, including TRAILs cross-talk with other signaling pathways and immune cells. Next, we focus on known resistant mechanisms to TRAIL-based therapies. Then, we discuss how nano-formulation has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL protein. Finally, we specify strategies with the potential to overcome the challenges that cannot be addressed via nanotechnology alone, including the alternative methods of TRAIL-expressing circulating cells, tumor-targeting bacteria, viruses, and exosomes
PD-L1/PD-1 axis as a potent therapeutic target in breast cancer
No full textAlthough both the incidence and the mortality rate of breast cancer is rising, there is no potent and practical option for the treatment of these patients, particularly in advanced stages. One of the most critical challenges for treatment is the presence of complicated and extensive tumor escape mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint molecules are of the main immunosuppressive mechanisms used by cancerous cells to block anti-cancer immune responses. Among these molecules, PD-1 (Programmed cell death) and PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) have been considered as worthy therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we intend to discuss the immunobiology and signaling of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and highlight its importance as a worthy therapeutic target in breast cancer. We believe that the prognostic value of PD-L1 depends on the breast cancer subtype. Moreover, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting with immune-stimulating vaccines can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer
Oncolytic effects of Hitchner B1 strain of newcastle disease virus against cervical cancer cell proliferation is mediated by the increased expression of cytochrome C, autophagy and apoptotic pathways
No full textNewcastle disease virus (NDV) is a potential oncolytic virus for the cancer treatment due to its ability to replicate in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anticancer properties of Hitchner B1 (HB1) strain of NDV on TC-1 cell line and underlying molecular mechanisms. The cytolytic effects of oncolytic HB1 strain of NDV was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cleaved caspase-3 and autophagy were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cytochrome-C and survivin protein levels were distinguished by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Our results from LDH method showed that the viability of the TC-1 cell line following HB1 NDV infection was dose-dependent and decreased significantly with increasing the dose of HB1 NDV infection (MOIs: 5, 10, and 15). Other evaluations also revealed that HB1 strain of NDV potentially led to the ROS production, and apoptosis and autophagy induction in TC-1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro experiments also presented that NDV treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of cytochrome-C and down-regulated the expression of survivin, as detected by ELISA assay. Our results confirmed that the HB1 NDV could be introduced as a powerful candidate for the therapy of cervical cancer. However, further examinations are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms of the HB1 NDV against TC-1 cell line and cervical cancer
Successful treatment of refractory metastatic neuroblastoma with panobinostat in combination with chemotherapy agents and iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy
No full textIntroduction: Neuroblastoma commonly required multimodal therapy containing surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Case report: In our case, who had refractory metastatic neuroblastoma, we use histone deacetylase inhibitor (panobinostat) in combination with chemotherapy agents and iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy. Management and outcome: This approach leads to successfully treat the patient. MIBG scan and bone marrow examination after therapy revealed no evidence of tumor. Now, she underwent autologous transplantation six months ago and free of tumor. Conclusion: Panobinostat can cause apoptosis induction in refractory metastatic neuroblastoma in combination with MIBG therapy and chemotherapy
Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis in schoolchildren in Bushehr, Iran
No full textBackground: Toxocariasis is an infection caused by larvae of a group of animal nematodes named Toxocara in human tissues. The disease often affects children under the age of 10 years. In this research, we decided to determine the prevalence of infection in schoolchildren of Bushehr city as a first study in the region. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the samples were selected randomly among Bushehr primary school students between September 2011 and June 2012. ELISA method was used to measure anti-Toxocara canis IgG antibodies. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software and Chi square test. Results: Of the 400 students studied, 48 (12%) were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Results showed that there is no a statistically significant relationship between infection and some of the analyzed variables such as sex, abdominal pain, anorexia, chronic cough, diffuse pain, itching and skin sensitivity. However, with the habit of playing with soil, this relationship was significant. Conclusion: Considering the importance of the disease in children and influence of harmful effects on their health, it is suggested that the methods for diagnosis be trained for clinicians in the area and periodically tests as well as teaching the prevention and control strategies should be considered to the educational staff and parents
Data on cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris
Get PDFThe biosynthesis of materials using medicinal plants can be a low-cost and eco-friendly approach due to their extraordinary properties. Herein, we reported a facile synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris. The surface morphology, functional groups, and elemental analysis were done to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity performance of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed by exposing nanoparticles to MCF-7 and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines through MTT colorimetric assay and the IC50 value was defined as 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial performance of synthesized nanoparticles against four different bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were assessed through microdilution broth method. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris demonstrated higher antibacterial effects against Gram-positive strains with MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL which increase the inhibitory percentage to more than 90%