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The permeability and selectivity of nanocomposite membrane of PEBAx 1657/PEI/SiO2 for separation of CO2, N2, O2, CH4 gases: A data set
Get PDFThe poly ether-block-amide (PEBAx)/Poly-ether-imide (PEI)/SiO2 nanocomposite membranes were fabricated using the solution casting method and utilized for separation of N2, O2, CH4, and CO2 gases. The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles loading on permeability and selectivity of gases using the nanocomposite membranes was tested. The data showed that the permeability of the gases increased with increasing SiO2 nanoparticle content. dBy adding SiO2 nanoparticles (10 wt%), the permeability of N2, O2, CH4, and CO2 gases elevated from 0.39, 1, 1.83 and 11.1 to 2.01, 1.95, 2.98 and 19.83 Barrer unit, respectively (at a pressure of 2 Bar). In contrast, with increasing SiO2 content the selectivity of the studied gases decreased. The morphology, crystallinity and the functional groups of the fabricated membranes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The data presented confirm the influence of the nanoparticles on the membrane structure and thus on the permeability and selectivity of the membranes
Waste sludge from shipping docks as a catalyst to remove amoxicillin in water with hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound
Get PDFThe waste sludge from shipping docks contains important elements that can be used as a catalyst after proper processing. The purpose of this study was to remove of amoxicillin (AMX) from the aquatic environment using waste sludge from shipping docks as catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide/ultrasound waves. The catalyst was produced by treating waste sludge at 400 °C for 2 h. N2 adsorption, SEM, XRD, XRF, and FTIR techniques characterized the structural and physical properties of the catalyst. The BET-specific surface area of the catalyst reduced after AMX removal from 4.4 m2/g to 3.6 m2/g. To determine the optimal removal conditions, the parameters of the design of experiments were pH (5–9), contaminant concentration (5–100 mg/L), catalyst dosage (0.5–6 g/L), and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (10–100 mM). The maximum removal of AMX (98%) was obtained in the catalyst/hydrogen peroxide/ultrasound system at pH 5, catalyst dose of 4.5 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 50 mM, AMX concentration of 5 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min. The kinetics of removal of AMX from urine (k = 0.026 1/min), hospital wastewater (k = 0.021 1/min), and distilled water (k = 0.067 1/min) followed a first-order kinetic model (R2>0.91). The catalyst was reused up to 8 times and the AMX removal decreased to 45% in the last use. The byproducts and reaction pathway of AMX degradation were also investigated. The results clearly show that to achieve high pollutant removal rate the H2O2/ultrasound and catalyst/ultrasound synergy plays a key role
Qualitative Study of Health System Preparedness for Successful Implementation of Disaster Exercises in the Iranian Context
No full textObjectives:Implementing disaster exercises in different parts of the health system is one of the important steps in providing and developing disaster risk management plans. Considering the importance of promoting health system preparedness through exercise, the present study aimed to identify and explain necessary and original components for successful implementation of preparedness exercises of the health-care system in disaster.Methods:The study was a qualitative content analysis. Data were collected by purposeful sampling through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews with 25 health professionals in disaster. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data, which extracted the initial codes after performing the recorded interviews on paper and immersing them in the data analysis.Results:The data analysis resulted in the production of 100 initial codes, 14 subcategories, 6 main categories of "coordination and information management,""standards and indicators,""conduction and control of the process,""logistic management and supplies,""management of treatment operation,"and "management of health operation,"under the original theme of "implementation of exercise."Conclusions:The findings of this study can greatly increase the attention of senior managers to preparedness in all areas of the health system, especially managers of prehospitals and hospitals who are the forefront of the response to the disaster. The findings of this study can be considered as a guideline for the implementation of principle and standardized health system preparedness exercises
Investigation of JC polyomavirus (JCV) genome in colorectal cancer patients from Iran
Get PDFBackground: JC polyomavirus (JCV) is an epitheliotropic and neurotropic virus that identified in relationship with some devastating complications such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and linked to colorectal cancer. The aim of current study was to identify the prevalence of JCV in colorectal cancer for the first time in Iran. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted by the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for DNA extraction by QIAamp® DNA FFPE Tissue Kit. The SYBER Green Real-time PCR assay performed by specific primers for JCV T-Large Ag. Melting curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Positive control cloned in pTZ57R/T plasmid by Generay Biotechnology system. Results: Of 157 specimens 66 were colorectal cancer by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 59.35±14.48 and 91 healthy control by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 57.21±14.66. All 157 specimens tested for JCV T-Large Ag gene by Real-time PCR method and we found that there was not any positive result although the melting analysis showed specificity of positive control amplification. Conclusion: Low prevalence of JCV infection in Iranian CRC population confirmed by the current study results; there was not any JCV positive result in CRC and healthy control groups. Further studies by broader and different populations are recommended
N-acetylcysteine-loaded electrospun mats improve wound healing in mice and human fibroblast proliferation in vitro: A potential application of nanotechnology in wound care
Get PDFObjective(s): N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has gained attention recently in dermatology as a unique antioxidant. In light of progress in nanotechnological methods, it was hypothesized that loading NAC onto nanofibers would positively affect skin wound healing. The objective of this study was to fabricate NAC-loaded electrospun mats and test their effect on wound healing in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based mats loaded with NAC at three concentrations were electrospun and characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and drug release profile. Human fibroblast cells (in vitro) and mouse full-thickness skin wounds (in vivo) were treated with mats for 5 and 14 days, respectively. Wound area, tissue histopathology, fibroblast proliferation and cellular oxidative state were evaluated. Results: Mats containing 5% PVA/NAC showed thinner fibers with suitable physicochemical properties and a sustained drug release profile. PVA/NAC (5%) mats enhanced fibroblast proliferation and attachment in vitro. The mats resulted in significant wound closure with high levels of re-epithelialization and collagen fiber synthesis on day 14 post-surgery in vivo. The mats also reduced granulation tissue and edematous stroma to a higher extent. These findings were accompanied by a significant decrease in tissue lipid peroxidation and higher superoxide dismutase activity, which may explain how NAC improved wound healing. Conclusion: We propose an NAC-loaded nanofibrous mat that takes the advantage of a porous nanoscaffold structure to release NAC in a sustained manner. This mat may be a promising candidate for further clinical evaluation
Modification of bio-hydroxyapatite generated from waste poultry bone with MgO for purifying methyl violet-laden liquids
No full textIn the present work, biological hydroxyapatite (Bio-HAp) was generated from waste poultry bone and modified with magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (Bio-HAp/MgO) and used in the adsorption process of methyl violet (MV). The Bio-HAp and Bio-HAp/MgO mesoporous composites were characterized using physicochemical techniques. Bio-HAp and Bio-HAp/MgO composites had crystalline and mesoporous structures. The specific surface area of Bio-HAp/MgO mesoporous composites (14.7 m2/g) was higher and lower than that of Bio-HAp (4.6 m2/g) and MgO (154.9 m2/g), respectively. The effect of pH (2–10), temperature (25–45 °C), contact time (10–50 min), initial MV concentration (5–25 mg/L), and Bio-HAp/MgO quantity (0.5–2.5 g/L) on the adsorption efficiency was optimized through response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). Among four isotherm models, the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.98) was better matched with the equilibrium data. Based on the isotherm parameters (E, n, and RL), the MV adsorption process using Bio-HAp particles and Bio-HAp/MgO mesoporous composites is physical and desirable. The pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.97) was more potent than the other models for modeling kinetic data. According to the thermodynamic investigation, the MV adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process. The mesoporous composite had good reusability to remove MV dye from liquid media up to 5 steps. Bio-HAp particles and Bio-HAp/MgO mesoporous composites were tested for treatment, which significantly reduced the dye content of the real sample. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Evaluation and scientometric analysis of researches on air pollution in developing countries from 1952 to 2018
No full textMany scholars have worked to solve the widespread problems associated with air pollution especially in developing countries. So, there is a huge bulk of research output in this field that should be classified to determine the next steps and finding out research gaps. Hence, in this study, the scientometric approach was performed by CiteSpace V to draw the trends and signify issues in the research area. Based on the search in ISI Web of Science database, 25,363 documents were retrieved for air pollution in developing countries. The documents were analyzed for co-authorship, countries collaboration, ISI Web of Science categories co-occurrence, keyword co-occurrence, and institutional collaboration. The data showed the published studies had an upward trend over the years. By considering the number of citations, China plays an important role in air pollution research in developing countries, and the USA is the top country with the potential to change the structure of the network. Along with the developing countries, developed countries have also played a serious role in advancing research in this field. The trend of the studies has shown that research trends in early years tend to pure environmental studies, and in recent years, it has shifted to areas like monitoring, management, and biodiversity conservation. Keyword co-occurrence showed sulfur dioxide with a duration of 22 years is one of the most important issues in studies of air pollution in developing countries. Among the institutes, the University of Sao Paulo and Harvard University have made greater efforts to investigate air pollution in developing countries. Nanjing University of Information Science& Technology had the highest frequency in a short period. Overall, this work provides a quantitative, visual, and large-scale review of the majority of publications on ‘air pollution in developing countries’ that may be important to researchers, practitioners, sponsors, and any individual/ institution concerned about air pollution
Design a new photocatalyst of sea sediment/titanate to remove cephalexin antibiotic from aqueous media in the presence of sonication/ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide: Pathway and mechanism for degradation
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was directed to develop a new sea sediment/titanate photocatalyst to remove cephalexin from aqueous media in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ultrasonic waves. The influence of furnace temperature (300, 350, 400, and 500 °C), furnace residence time (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and ratio of sea sediment: titanium (0–6 v: w) on the physicochemical properties and the cephalexin removal by the sea sediment/titanate photocatalyst was explored. The technique of FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, BJH, and Mapping was used to determine the physicochemical properties of the generated photocatalyst. The maximum cephalexin removal (94.71%) was obtained at the furnace temperature of 500 °C, the furnace residence time of 2 h, and the sea sediment: titanium ratio of 1:6 (=12 mL TiO2/2 g sea sediment). According to the acquired results, the surface area of the optimized catalyst, namely Cat-500-2-12, was computed to be 52.29 m2/g. The crystallite size of titanium oxide on the optimum photocatalyst was calculated ~17.68 nm. The FTIR test confirmed the presence of C=C, O-H, C=O, C-S, and C-H functional groups in the photocatalyst. The transformation pathway for the degradation of cephalexin by the developed system was drawn. The present investigation showed that the developed technique (sea sediment/titanate-UV-H2O2-ultrasonic) could be used as a promising alternative for attenuating cephalexin from aqueous solutions
Low birth weight incidence in newborn' neonate in Qom, Iran: Risk factors and complications
Get PDFBackground: Low birth weight (LBW) is related with high morbidity of neonatal consequences and death. This study aimed to determine the incidence of LBW, its risk factors, and complications in born neonates in Qom, Iran 2017. Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted with 602 newborns participants who were one of Qom hospitals in Iran. Data were extracted from the patients' medical records and entered into data collection sheet and were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square, Fisher exact, and independent t-tests in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: The overall incidence of LBW in born neonates was 9.6%, and the mean of maternal age was 28.8 years. Based on results, twin's birth (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.47), receiving corticosteroid (OR = 4.55), and premature rupture of membrane (PROM) (OR = 1.08) were the most important related factors of LBW and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (OR = 6.47.8), sepsis (OR = 5.36), and icterus (OR = 5.8) consequences of LBW. Nevertheless, poor feeding, hypoplasia, premature, tachypnea, meconium, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypotonic, and other neonatal complications do not show the significant relationship with LBW (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to results, twin's births, receiving corticosteroid, and PROM are the important risk factors for LBW and RDS, sepsis and icterus were the most common complication of LBW. As a result, preventive programs for control of LBW and infant complications are essential
Physicochemical characteristics and mechanism of fluoride removal using powdered zeolite-zirconium in modes of pulsed& continuous sonication and stirring
No full textThe current work reports the first application of the fluoride removal using zeolite-zirconium powder in three modes of pulsed sonication, continuous sonication, and stirring. The properties of powdered zeolite-Zr were specified using surface analysis techniques (surface area: 109.71 m2/g and pore volume: 0.08 cm3/g). For all the studied modes, the highest removal rate was observed at pH 7, contact time of 80 min, and zeolite-Zr dose of 3 g/L. Adsorption-desorption experiments were carried out in 6 steps and the fluoride removal was reached to 80% for the final step. The effect of co-existing anions was also studied and chloride and nitrate did not have much effect on efficiency. The powdered zeolite-Zr demonstrated the high ability to remove fluoride from actual wastewater. The data of the present study were well suited to the model of the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The pulsed sonication with a maximum adsorption capacity of 32.98 mg/g has been able to demonstrate better performance in comparison with the continuous sonication and stirring mode