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Dysregulated Expression of MiR-19b, MiR-25, MiR-17, WT1, and CEBPA in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Association with Graft versus Host Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Full text linkObjectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood malignancy characterized by the proliferation of aberrant cells in the bone marrow and blood that interfere with normal blood cells. We have investigated whether changes in the level of micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-19b, miR-17, and miR-25, Wilms' tumor (WT1), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) genes expression affect disease prognosis and clinical outcome in AML patients.
Materials and Methods The expression level of miR-19-b, miR-17, and miR-25, as well as WT1 and CEBPA genes in a group of patients and controls as well as different risk groups (high, intermediate, and favorite risk), M3 versus non-M3, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) versus non-GvHD patients were assessed using a quantitative SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction method.
Results When compared with the baseline level at the period of diagnosis before chemotherapy, the expression of miR-19b and miR-17 in AML patients increased significantly after chemotherapy. The level of miR-19b and miR-25 expression in AML patients with M3 and non-M3 French–American–British subgroups differ significantly. MiR-19b and miR-25 expression was elevated in GvHD patients, while miR-19b and miR-25 expression was somewhat decreased in GvHD patients compared with non-GvHD patients, albeit the difference was not statistically significant. Also, patients with different cytogenetic aberrations had similar levels of miR-19-b and miR-25 expression.
Conclusion MiR-19b, miR-17, and miR-25 are aberrantly expressed in AML patients' peripheral blood leukocytes, which may play a role in the development of acute GvHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The association of cardio-metabolic risk factors and history of falling in men with osteosarcopenia: a cross-sectional analysis of Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program
Full text linkOsteosarcopenia, defined as sarcopenia plus osteopenia/osteoporosis, may increase the risk of fractures and affects morbidity and mortality in the older population. Falling is also common in the elderly and increases the risk of fractures and mortality. We examined the association of cardio-metabolic risk factors with a history of falling in osteosarcopenic men.
Methods
We used the baseline data of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. Osteosarcopenia was defined as having both sarcopenia (reduced skeletal muscle mass plus low physical performance and/or low muscle strength) and osteopenia/osteoporosis (T-score ≤ − 1.0). Falling was defined as a self-reported history of an unintentional down on the ground during the previous year before the study. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) to quantify the associations.
Results
All elderly men diagnosed with osteosarcopenia (n = 341), with a mean age of 73.3(±7.4) years, were included. Almost 50(14.7%) participants reported falling. Age showed a positive association with falling (AOR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04–1.14). An increase of 10 mmHg in systolic blood pressure(SBP), reduces the odds of falling by 26%(AOR:0.74, 95%CI:0.62–0.89), while a positive association was detected for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as 10 mg/dl increase in the FPG, raises the chance of falling by 14%(AOR = 1.14, 95%CI:1.06,1.23). Hypertriglyceridemia was inversely associated with falling (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.89).
Conclusions
Falling is a major public health problem in rapidly aging countries, especially in individuals with a higher risk of fragility fractures. Older age-raised fasting plasma glucose and low SBP are associated with falling in osteosarcopenic patients.
Considering the higher risk of fracture in osteosarcopenic men, comprehensive strategies are needed to prevent fall-related injuries in this high-risk population
Aflatoxin B1 and heavy metals in imported black tea to Bushehr, southern Iran; Contamination rate and risk assessment
No full textBlack tea is a popular and widely consumed beverage in Iran. Due to the possibility of transferring heavy metals and mycotoxins to the food chain, its potential hazards should be considered. In this study, forty samples of black tea imported to Bushehr port were collected. The physicochemical and microbial properties and their contamination with heavy metals including copper, lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium, as well as Aflatoxin B1 were evaluated. Moreover, to evaluate the health effects of exposure to heavy metals, both Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated. The concentration of lead, cadmium, arsenic and copper were: 0.63, 0.061, 0.01, 29.93 mg kg−1 in Sri Lankan, 0.65, 0.063, 0.11, 21.3 mg kg−1 in Indian, 0.61, 0.055, 0.085, 14.82 mg kg−1 in Kenyan and 1.71, 0.06, 0.1, 37.87 mg kg−1 in Vietnamese tea samples, respectively. No Hg contamination was observed. Aflatoxin B1 was only detected in Kenyan and Vietnamese samples (24.33 and 42.66 ng g−1, respectively). The calculation of HQ value for all heavy metals and HI value for all brands, which all were below one, showed that there is no non-carcinogenic adverse health effect through consuming these black teas for the adult consumers
Otomycosis in the South of Iran with a High Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Hospital-Based Study
No full textIntroduction
Otomycosis is a superficial infection of the external ear caused by fungal pathogens. The genera Aspergillus and Candida are considered the main fungal causative agents, with the predominance of Aspergillus section Nigri. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients with otomycosis and predisposing factors and to identify fungal etiological agents using molecular approaches. We also present an overview of published papers on tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) secondary to otomycosis.
Materials and Methods
An otorhinolaryngologist collected specimens from external ear canals of patients with suspected otomycosis based on the patient’s history and clinical examinations. The specimens were collected using sterile swabs. Fungal isolates were confirmed in clinical specimens by direct microscopy and culture methods. Fungal isolates were identified based on molecular approaches.
Results
In total, specimens from 211 patients with suspected otomycosis were examined. The presence of fungi was confirmed in about 51% of patients based on fungal elements in direct microscopy and culture-positive fungi. Aspergillus tubingensis was the most commonly isolated species (52.77%), followed by Aspergillus niger (25.92%). Otomycosis due to infection with Candida species was observed in 16% of cases. Of note, in 36.11% of cases, otomycosis was associated with TMP.
Conclusion
A mycological examination is indispensable for a correct diagnosis in patients with otitis extern. TMP should be considered in patients with otomycosis, as it appears to be relatively common in this population
Harnessing self-assembling peptide nanofibers to prime robust tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses in mice
No full textInduction of tumor-specific CD8 + T cell responses is known as a major challenge for cancer vaccine development; here we presented a strategy to improve peptide nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune responses. To this end, peptide nanofibers bearing class I (Kb)‐restricted epitope (Epi-Nano) were formulated with polyethylene imine backbone (Epi-Nano-PEI), and characterized using morphological and physicochemical characterization techniques. Nanofibers were studied in terms of their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), antigen cross-presentation capacity, and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, nanofibers were assessed by their potency to induce NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines and factors. Finally, the ability of nanofibers to induce tumor-specific CD8 T cells and tumor protection were investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI led to the formation of short strand nanofibers with a positive surface charge, a low critical aggregation concentration (CAC), and an increased resistance to proteolytic degradation. Epi-Nano-PEI was significantly taken up more efficiently by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and was more potent in cross-presentation when compared to Epi-Nano. Moreover, Epi-Nano-PEI, in comparison to Epi-Nano, efficiently up-regulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1b, IL18 and IL-6. Cell viability analysis showed that formulation of PEI with Epi-Nano not only abolished its cytotoxic activity, but surprisingly induced macrophage proliferation. Furthermore, it demonstrated that Epi-Nano-PEI triggered robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and induced maximum antitumor response (tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival) in tumor-bearing mice that were significantly higher compared to Epi-Nano. Taken together, the formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI is suggested as a promising strategy to improve nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune response
National and subnational burden of disease attributable to occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR) in Iran, 2005–2019
No full textOverexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR) can cause skin and eye adverse effects for outdoor workers. In this study, the burden of disease induced by occupational exposure to SUVR and its spatiotemporal trend at national and sub-national levels in Iran, 2005–2019 were assessed. The attributable burden of disease was assessed using the following five datasets: (1) distribution of occupational exposure to SUVR, (2) total incidences and deaths of health outcomes of SUVR exposure, (3) population attributable fractions of the health outcomes of SUVR exposure, (4) age-gender distribution of outdoor workers, and (5) disability-adjusted life year (DALY) calculation constants. During 2005–2019, the attributable DALYs increased from 2442 to 2907 and the attributable DALY rate (per 100,000 workers) slightly decreased from 11.94 to 11.91. The share of YLL in the attributable burden of disease was in the range of 43%–46%. Out of nine causes, about 90% of the attributable burden of disease in 2019 was related to cataracts (29.9%), malignant skin melanoma (27.4%), squamous-cell carcinoma (18.6%), and sunburn (17.2%). During the study period, the attributable DALY rate in women increased by 60.95% (from 5.04 to 8.11) and in men decreased by 2.06% (from 13.03 to 12.76). The total attributable DALYs and DALY rate rose by age during 2005–2019. The contributions of population growth, risk-deleted DALY rates, exposure risk, and population age structure in temporal changes of the attributable burden of disease were 19.27%, 9.13%, −1.35%, and −14.8%, respectively. The three highest attributable DALY rates in 2019 were observed in South Khorasan (21.28), Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari (17.42), and Kordestan (17.26), respectively. The preventive interventions against SUVR overexposure, regular screenings, and early treatments with an emphasis on occupations with continuous sun exposure and provinces with increasing attributable DALY rates should be considered in the occupational health action plan in the country
Application of chemical factors for acceleration of consolidation phase of the distraction osteogenesis: a scoping review
No full textPurpose
This study aimed to analyze the effect of injecting chemical factors compared to conventional distraction osteogenesis (DO) treatment on the bone formation of the distracted area of the maxillofacial region in human and animal studies.
Method
Electronic search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane database for studies published until September 2021. The studies’ risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations and NIH quality assessment tools. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the difference in the amount of bone formation and maximal load tolerance.
Results
Among a total of 58 included studies, eight studies analyzed the bone formation rate of the distracted area in human models and others in animal models. Results of the human studies showed acceptable outcomes in the case of using bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), autologous bone-platelet gel, and calcium sulfate. However, using platelet reach plasma does not increase the rate of bone formation significantly. Quantitative analyses showed that both BMP-2 (SMD = 26.57; 95% CI = 18.86 to 34.28) and neuron growth factor (NGF) (SMD = 16.19; 95% CI = 9.64 to 22.75) increase the amount of bone formation. Besides, NGF increased the amount of load tolerance significantly (SMD = 30.03; 95% CI = 19.91 to 40.16). Additionally, BMP-2 has no significant impact on the post-treatment maxillary length (SMD = 9.19; 95% CI = − 2.35 to 20.73).
Conclusion
Limited number of human studies with low quality used chemical factors to enhance osteogenesis and showed acceptable results. However, more studies with higher quality are required
The role of SF3B1 and NOTCH1 in the pathogenesis of leukemia
No full textThe discovery of new genes/pathways improves our knowledge of cancer pathogenesis and presents novel potential therapeutic options. For instance, splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) and NOTCH1 genetic alterations have been identified at a high frequency in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, and may be related to the prognosis of involved patients because they change the nature of malignancies in different ways like mediating therapeutic resistance; therefore, studying these gene/pathways is essential. This review aims to discuss SF3B1 and NOTCH1 roles in the pathogenesis of various types of leukemia and the therapeutic potential of targeting these genes or their mutations to provide a foundation for leukemia treatment
Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study
No full textBackground: There is evidence of an inverse association between yoghurt intake and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed at investigating the association between the intake of yoghurt and other dairy foods consumed in Iran and CRC risk. Methods: Our analysis included 4070 subjects within the IROPICAN (Iran Study of Opium and Cancer) study. Detailed information was collected by the use of validated questionnaires. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the intake of total dairy products, and, separately, of yoghurt, milk, cheese, kashk, dough, cream, ice cream, and other milk products, and CRC using unconditional logistic regression analyses. The intake was categorized in tertiles. Results: Overall, we analyzed 865 cases and 3205 controls. Total dairy products intake was not associated with CRC. The OR for one tertile increase (OR_T) in yoghurt intake was 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–1.08) for CRC and 0.66 (95% CI 0.52–0.84) for proximal colon cancer. Cream intake was associated with CRC (OR_T3 = 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.64), colon (OR_T3 = 1.37, 95% CI 1.03–1.81), and proximal cancer (OR_T3 = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.61). The OR of distal colon cancer for ice cream intake was 0.59 (95% CI 0.43–0.82). Other dairy products were not associated with CRC risk. View Full-Tex
Association of dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women
No full textBackground: There is increasing evidence supporting the association between dietary acid load and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are rare and inconsistent studies to examine the association of dietary acid load and MetS score. The aim of this research was to assess dietary acid loads as measured by potential renal acid load (PRAL) in relation to MetS. Methods: The current study involved 246 overweight or obese women. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Remer’s equation was used to calculate PRAL score. MetS was defined as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)/Adult Treatment Panel ΙΙΙ (ATP). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to find the association between PRAL score and MetS. Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 36.49±8.38 years old and 31.04±4.31 kg/m2, respectively. Overall, 32 percent of participants had MetS. According to the final model, although not statistically significant, there was a trend which suggested that being in the highest quartile of adherence to dietary acid load, evaluated by PRAL score, compared to the lowest quartile was associated with higher odds of MetS [(OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 0.95–8.26), (P=0.06)]. Conclusions: Our study shows a borderline non-significant association between PRAL and odds of MetS in overweight or obese women. However, definitive clarification of this relationship requires future intervention studies