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Sonication alkaline–assisted preparation of Rhizopus oryzae biomass for facile bio-elimination of tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous matrix
No full textThe present study aimed to remove tetracycline (TET) antibiotic molecule from an aqueous medium using adsorbents prepared from Rhizopus oryzae biomass. The TET adsorption process was discontinuous and the adsorbent biomass was crude and NaOH-sonication–modified Rhizopus oryzae fungi. Specific active surface area for crude and modified Rhizopus oryzae was 10.38 m2/g and 20.32 m2/g, respectively. The results showed that the maximum TET adsorption efficiency was determined at pH 4, temperature 25 °C, initial TET concentration 10 mg/L, contact time 80 min, and biomass quantity 2 g/L. The equilibrium behavior showed that the Langmuir model suitably described the process. The maximum TET adsorption capacity was determined to be 38.02 mg/g and 67.93 mg/g, respectively, indicating that the method of biomass modification promoted the bio-adsorption capacity. A higher correlation coefficient (R2) and lower RMSE for the pseudo-first-order kinetic than other models showed its ability to describe the behavior of TET bio-adsorption. The enthalpy thermodynamic parameter (ΔH°) for the TET adsorption process was determined − 63.847 kJ/mol and − 85.226 kJ/mol for the raw and modified Rhizopus oryzae, respectively. Therefore, it can be suggested that the biomass of Rhizopus oryzae especially the modified version can be effectively used for the TET removal from aqueous environments
Effects of metabolic syndrome on bone health in older adults: the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program
Get PDFSummary: Based on the clinical, BMD, and TBS data of 2380 participants aged ≥ 60 which was gathered during the BEH program, stage II, we showed that MetS was positively associated with BMD, while a negative or no association was observed between MetS and TBS depending on the sex and the adjustment model. Introduction: The results of previous reports in regard to the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on bone health are not conclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS with bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) as an indicator of bone quantity and quality, respectively. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, this study was carried out based on the data collected during the BEH Program, stage II. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. BMD (at the lumbar spine and the hip) and lumbar spine TBS were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. Results: The data of 2380 participants (women = 1228, men = 1152) aged ≥ 60 were analyzed. In the fully adjusted regression models (including BMI), significant associations between MetS and mean BMD were observed across all locations in men (P values ≤ 0.001) and in the lumbar spine in women (P value = 0.003). In addition, the prevalence of osteoporosis (based on BMD) was significantly lower in those with MetS than those without MetS in both sexes, even after full adjustments (women, OR = 0.707, P value = 0.013; men, OR = 0.563, P value = 0.001). In contrast, in age-adjusted regression analyses, the prevalence of degraded bone microarchitecture (TBS ≤ 1.2) was significantly increased in those with MetS than those without, irrespective of the participants’ sex (P values < 0.05). The mean TBS was also negatively associated with MetS in women (β = − 0.075, P value = 0.007) but not in men (β = − 0.052, P value = 0.077), in age-adjusted regression models. However, after including BMI in the adjusted models, all significant associations between TBS values and MetS disappeared. Conclusion: It seems that a positive association exists between MetS and BMD, while MetS is either not associated or negatively correlated with bone quality as measured by TBS
Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato by mitochondrial COX1 and SSU-rDNA markers in dogs in the west of Iran
No full textEchinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s. l.) is important in terms of the medical and veterinary sciences, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. Stray and domestic dogs are the most important definitive hosts for this parasite. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of E. granulosus s. l. among stray and domestic dogs using copro-nested PCR method in the west of Iran. Accordingly, 605 faecal samples of domestic (n = 424) and stray (n = 181) dogs were collected from Kermanshah (n = 301) and Lorestan (n = 304) Provinces, in the west of Iran. Initially, the samples were concentrated using formalin-ether method and the precipitates were collected for further examination using copro-PCR method using COX1 and SSU-rDNA markers in order to detect taeniid parasites and E. granulosus s. l., respectively. Totally, taeniid parasites were observed in 38 (6.28%) samples, of which 21 (3.47%) samples in domestic dogs and 17 (2.8%) samples in stray dogs were detected. Moreover, of 38 taeniid positive samples, 21 (3.47%) samples were positive for E. granulosus s. l that 13 (2.14%) samples in domestic dogs and 8 (1.32%) samples in stray dogs were detected. In conclusion, the findings of the current study specified that the overall prevalence of echinococcosis was low (3.47%) in domestic and stray dogs in the examined areas. Since western Iran is one of the areas with high potential for transmission of E. granulosus s. l., regular monitoring of the prevalence of this disease in both the final hosts and the intermediate hosts is important at regular intervals
Do Type and Shape of Scan Bodies Affect Accuracy and Time of Digital Implant Impressions?
No full textOBJECTIVES: Reports concerning the accuracy of intraoral digital impression systems are limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of scan body types and shapes on digital impression accuracy and scanning time in all-on-four restorations. METHODS: This in vitro study was conducted with two acrylic maxillary models. Two implant systems with different connection types (internal trilobe and external hexagon connection) were inserted according to the all-on-four design. Scanning was performed using Doowon, NT-Trading, and DESS scan bodies. Changes in implants' positions (ΔR) and angulation (ΔA), and the implants' distance from the reference pin (ΔD) compared with the actual model were determined. Scanning times were also measured and compared. RESULTS: The effects of implant connections and scan bodies on ΔR and ΔA were significant (p ⟨0.05). Implant angulation could also affect ΔA (p=0.019). ΔD was only affected by scan body (p ⟨0.001). The three scan bodies were significantly different in terms of scanning time (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that scan body type and shape, and implant connection and angulation could affect digital impression accuracy in all-on-four restorations. For both internal and external connections, the NT-Trading and DESS scan bodies had the shortest and longest scanning times, respectively
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020
Get PDFThe European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com
Isoenzyme profiles and phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from Iranian patients
No full textThe main objective of this study was to characterize the Giardia duodenalis isolates from Iranian patients in Fars Province, south of Iran by biochemical and molecular methods. Fifteen mass cultivated of G. duodenalis isolates in modified TYI-S-33 medium were analyzed using isoenzyme electrophoresis and PCR genotyping. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of five different enzyme systems was used to characterize isolates: (i) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, (ii) glucose phosphate isomerase, (iii) malate dehydrogenase, (iv) malic enzyme, and (v) phosphoglucomutase. As well, a fragment of the SSU-rDNA (292 bp) gene was amplified by PCR using the primers RH11 and RH4. The sequencing of the PCR products and phylogenetic tree were performed. The isoenzyme electrophoretic profiles divided fifteen G. duodenalis isolates into four zymodemes. G6PD, GPI, MDH, ME, and PGM enzyme systems showed 1, 2, 2, 3, and 3 enzyme pattern, respectively. G6PD isoenzyme pattern had the most homogeneity, while isoenzyme patterns of ME and PGM had the most heterogeneity in our study. Genotyping results indicated that the zymodemes 1–4 were categorized in assemblage A based on the SSU-rDNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all four zymodemes were distributed within the cluster of assemblage A. Our results indicated that both isoenzyme and DNA analyses were useful to characterize the isolates of Giardia and distinguishing various zymodemes and assemblages. It could be suggested that the genetic diversity among isoenzymes profiles of G. duodenalis may explain the variable clinical manifestations, pathogenicity, host response, drug susceptibility, and treatment efficacy of human giardiasis
Occurrence, potential sources, in vitro bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of heavy metal in indoor dust from different microenvironment of Bushehr, Iran
Get PDFIndoor dust samples were collected from 42 microenvironments of residential buildings (RB, 15 samples), official buildings (OB, 10 samples), laboratory rooms (LR, 7 samples), and school classroom (SCR, 10 samples) in Bushehr, whereby the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and chromium was studied. The results of this study indicated that the mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in the indoor dust samples were 567.18, 186.09, 209.01, 5.31, 143.20, and 57.09 mg/kg in RB, 1077.34, 539.67, 274.89, 8.12, 155.30, and 92.55 mg/kg in OB, 246.40, 149.56, 127.2, 1.96, 43.45, and 91.09 mg/kg in LR and 271.43, 189.84, 164.44, 3.06, 124.20, and 70.09 mg/kg in SCR. The results of principal cluster analysis showed that the heavy metals in indoor environments were mostly originated from smoking tobacco and cigarette, traffic sources, old building materials, and building paint colors. The results of this study also revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in indoor dust had a negative and significant relationship (P value < 0.05 in most cases) with rate of ventilation, and a positive and significant relationship with smoking inside buildings (P value < 0.05 in most cases). The bioaccessibility for zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, and chromium was 69.12, 40.08, 43.33, 79.81, 31.10, and 6.31%, respectively, in indoor dust. Further, risk assessment showed that the risk values of carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity resulting from heavy metals inside the studied microenvironments had exceeded the recommended safe limit by EPA. In terms of potential ecological risks, it was found that heavy metals in these microenvironments have exceeded the hazardous ecological levels presented by different indices and can have considerable negative ecological effects. Thus, it is essential that further and better studies and monitoring be performed on these environments, and suitable control recommendations and solutions should be regulated for this public health threat
Human, Forest and vegetation health metrics of ground-level ozone (SOMO35, AOT40f and AOT40v) in Tehran
No full textPurpose: We aimed to investigate the spatial O3 indices (SOMO35: annual sum of maximum daily 8-h ozone means over 35 ppb, AOT40: the accumulated exposure over an hourly threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours between 8:00 and 20:00 in the growing seasons of plants) in Tehran (2019–2020). Methods: The data of ambient O3 concentrations, measured at twenty-three regulatory ambient air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) in Tehran, were obtained. Results: The annual mean O3 concentrations were found to be 15.8–25.7 ppb; the highest and lowest annual mean concentration of ambient O3 were observed in Shahrdari 22 and Shahr-e-Rey stations, respectively. Spatial distribution of exposure to O3 across Tehran was in the range of 1.36–1.64; the highest O3 concentrations were observed in the northern, west and south-western parts of Tehran, while the central and south areas of Tehran city experienced low to moderate concentrations. The indices of SOMO35, AOT40f and AOT40v across AQMSs in Tehran was in the range of 1830–6437 ppb. Days, 10,613–39,505 ppb.h and 4979–16,804 ppb.h, respectively. For Tehran city, the indices of SOMO35 and AOT40f were 4138 ppb. days and 27,556 ppb.h respectively. Our results revealed that the value of SOMO35 across AQMSs of Tehran was higher than the recommended target value of 3000 ppb. days. Conclusions: To reduce O3 pollution and its effects on both human and plants health, the governmental organizations should take appropriate sustainable control policie
Heterogeneous catalytic degradation of nonylphenol using persulphate activated by natural pyrite: response surface methodology modelling and optimisation
No full textThe degradation of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated by persulphate (PS) activated using naturally pyrite semi-conductor mineral (NP-SCM) in aqueous solutions. The effects of various factors including solution pH, NP-SCM dosage, NPEOs and PS concentration were examined through response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) technique. The properties of NP-SCM were characterised by FESEM, BET, XRD and EDX analyses. The results showed that the RSM model had a well correlation (R2 > 0.99) between the predicted data and the experimental findings of NPEOs degradation. In addition, under the optimum conditions (PS = 5.85 mM, pH = 3.0, NP-SCM = 0.85 g/L and NPEOs = 10 µM), the removal efficiency of NPEOs reached more than 99%. The maximum removal efficiency of COD and TOC was obtained 87% and 80% at 90 min reaction time, respectively. The negative effect of various competing ions on the removal of NPEOs was as phosphate>bicarbonate>copper>nitrate>calcium>ammonium. After five successive catalyst cycles reuse, the degradation efficiency was insignificantly decreased from 99.6% to 90.5%, which indicated the excellent potential reusability of NP-SCM catalyst. It can be concluded that NP-SCM along with PS, due to the generation of highly reactive oxidising species (SO4●-), its simplicity and easy separation of the catalyst, has a great potential for the degradation of NPEOs from aqueous solutions
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in highly acidic juice packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container: Occurrence, migration and estrogenic activity-associated risk assessment
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the concentration of PAEs, their migration from the walls of PET containers into highly acidic juices (such as lemon juice, vinegar, and verjuice) and the risk assessment based on the estrogenic potential of these widespread pollutants. We analyzed and quantified six priority compounds of PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n‑butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in 40 samples of aforementioned juices packed in PET containers. The results showed that DEHP and DnBP were the major compounds with the median value of 8.1 and 6.8 µg/L, 10.5 and 7.2 µg/L, and 9.8 and 6.7 µg/ L, in lemon juice, vinegar, and verjuice, respectively. The results also showed that ∑PAEs concentration was higher in juices packed in PET containers than in glass containers (two sample t-test, pvalue < 0.05). A significant and positive correlation was observed between the concentration of PAEs and the storage temperature, storage time, and sun exposure of containers of juices (Pearson correlation test, pvalue <0.05). However, there was a significant and negative correlation between pH and the concentration of these pollutants (pvalue < 0.05). The human daily intake-based risk assessment showed that the safety factor (SF) calculated for all PAEs was much higher than 1. This indicates that the consumption of these acidic juices would not put consumers at the risk of these compounds. However, the risk assessment based on the estrogenic potential of PAEs compounds showed that the average of estrogen equivalence (EEQ) calculated for the ∑PAEs was higher than 1 ng E2/L and could have long-term adverse effects on human health