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Viral infections and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and empirical bayesian meta-analysis
No full textObjective: The associations between viruses and the cancer have been conducted in several studies while there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis about the association between viral infections and thyroid cancer (TC). Therefore, we investigated the association between viral infection and TC risk. Methods: Systematic search was done from 1994 to 2019 in Web of sciences (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases. Pooled logarithm of odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) and pooled prevalence of viral infections were calculated to find the association between the viral infections and TC risk and overall prevalence of the viral infections in TC. Results: Twenty-three of 852 original articles were selected and included in the study. According to the results of the random effect meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of viral infections in the TC patients was 37 % (95 % C. I = 22 %–55 %). In addition, there was a significant association between viral infections (log (OR) = 1.51, 95 % credible interval = 0.68–2.39) and TC risk. The highest associations were observed between TC risk and Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 (SV40) and B19 infections, respectively. The lowest non-significant association was found between TC risk and Poliovirus type 1 infection. The significantly heterogeneity was observed between included studies (Q test: p-value<0.001; I2 = 73.82 %; τ2 = 1.08, 95 % Cr. I = 0.47–1.94). Conclusions: Results clearly demonstrated the potential pathogenetic association between viral infections and increased risk of TC
The difference between induction and maintenance dosages of propofol for general anesthesia in patients with and without sleep quality disorder
No full textThis study was conducted to compare propofol dose requirements between patients with and without sleep quality disorder (SQD) in order to achieve the same depth of anesthesia. Methods: In this comparative study, adult patients who were candidates for elective cataract surgery under general anesthesia in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II were included. Using a validated questionnaire, patients were divided into two groups with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) higher and lower than five. Pre-induction with midazolam 0.02 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 µg/kg was administered 3 min before induction. Induction and 1-hour maintenance doses of propofol to achieve and maintain bispectral index score (BIS) 40–60 were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: Seventy patients, 47 of which (67.1%) were female, with the mean age of 63.83 ± 10.67 years were enrolled; 35 in SQD group and 35 in normal group. Baseline and demographic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. BIS score after pre-induction was significantly lower in SQD group compared with normal group (p = 0.002). Propofol dose at the time of induction and also 1 hour after induction was significantly lower in SQD group compared to normal group (p < 0.001). Total dose of propofol required was significantly lower in SQD group (209.26 ± 81.02) compared to normal group (342.91 ± 100.59) (p < 0.001). Based on the unstandardized Beta of multivariable linear regression model, mean total propofol requirement in SQD group was 113.43 mg less than normal group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the current study, induction and maintenance doses of propofol for general anesthesia were significantly lower in patients with SQD, in comparison with normal patients
The lived experiences of aging in older adults: A phenomenological study
No full textObjectives Understanding the concept of aging and its experience from the perspective of the elderly people can provide a deeper and more realistic understanding of the phenomenon and their problems and needs. The present study aims to understand and explain the lived experiences of aging in older adults living in Iran. Methods & Materials This study used hermeneutic phenomenological method to gather data, and Van Manen's method was used for data analysis. Sampling was conducted from June 2014 to August 2015 and continued until new theme were provided. Data were collected through 10 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with older people and then were analyzed for explaining the concept of aging. Results Seven themes were extracted from the data, including the scent of deterioration, submerging in the turbulence of thoughts, lost dignity, deepened spiritual tendencies, wishing a happy life for others, transcendentalism and keeping possessions. Based on these themes, the concept of aging was explained. Conclusion Older people's perceptions of aging can provide valuable data to gerontologists and professionals in related health, education and social fields to be used for reducing the existing problems, future planning for the elderly, better communication with this group, and improving aging knowledge the quality of life aged people. © 2020, Negah Institute for Scientific Communication
Incorporation of T-cell epitopes from tetanus and diphtheria toxoids into in-silico-designed hypoallergenic vaccine may enhance the protective immune response against allergens
Get PDFObjective(s): New generation of allergy vaccines is capable of promoting the development of protective IgG and blocking the functionality of allergen-specific IgE. We incorporated universal and powerful T-cell epitopes from tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TD epitope) into recombinant Che a 2, the well-known allergic profilin of Chenopodium album, to determine its immunological properties. Materials and Methods: The sequence and accordingly the structure of the recombinant Che a 2 was altered to generate a hypoallergenic variant (rChe a 2.rs). Moreover, TD epitope was incorporated to produce a novel vaccine that was nominated as rChe a 2.rsT.D. The effect of treatment with these variants was evaluated on the generation of allergen-specific IgG class, as well as lymphocyte proliferation in mice. Moreover, IgE-binding characteristics of the allergic patients' sera were determined by ELISA and proliferation and cytokine production was measured in T-cells. Results: ELISA and dot blot revealed strong reduction of the IgE-reactivity of human sera to the variants of Che a 2 as compared to the wild-type molecule. Furthermore, Che a 2.rs and Che a 2.rsT.D induced much lower levels of IL5 and IL13 secretion from allergic patients' PBMCs in comparison to wild-type Che a 2 protein. In mice, rChe a 2.rsT.D induced high titers of Che a 2-specific IgG antibody capable of blocking IgE-binding to rChe a 2 and induced lymphocyte proliferation more potently than rChe a 2.rs. Conclusion: Collectively, incorporation of T-cell epitopes of tetanus and diphtheria into hypoallergenic vaccines can dramatically enhance anti-allergic immune mechanisms, particularly in poor responders
Application of [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT in Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer Patients
Get PDFPurpose: The early and accurate diagnosis of locoregional recurrence or metastasis in prostate cancer (PC) has a significant impact on treatment options. Prostatic-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/x-ray computed tomograph (CT) imaging has recently been introduced as a novel procedure in managing PC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT in managing PC patients and to compare the detection rate of PET/CT and bone scans (BSs) in detecting bone metastasis. Procedures: We evaluated 415 patients with PC who underwent [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT between March 2015 and September 2018. The patients were classified into three groups: staging, biomedical recurrence (BCR), and follow-up or monitoring, based on the intent to perform PET/CT. Results: We evaluated 415 patients aged 41–99 (68.25 ± 9.59). Of these patients, 344 (82.9 %) had at least one localized lesion. The detection rates were 48.3 %, 52.6 %, 74.4 %, 79.6 %, and 93.9 % for a PSA value of 8, respectively (p 1.16 ng/ml was obtained for PSA value, which equates to specificity of 75 % and sensitivity of 77 %. In comparing BSs and PET/CT, a region-based analysis showed the superiority of PET/CT over BSs for all regions expect the skull (p < 0.05). PET/CT detected 258 suspicious regions, 255 of which were metastatic and three of which were equivocal. BSs detected only 223 suspicious regions, 203 of which were metastatic and 20 of which were equivocal. Conclusions: [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT showed a high detection rate for lesions in PC patients. PSA level, GS, and a PSA doubling time of less than 6 months were shown to be the affective variables. In addition, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed better performance in detecting bone lesions than BSs
Monitoring BTEX compounds and asbestos fibers in the ambient air of Tehran, Iran: Seasonal variations, spatial distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment
No full textThe toxic air pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) as well as asbestos are considered hazardous because of their role in adverse impacts on human health. Accordingly, this research was conducted to evaluate the levels, seasonal variations, spatial mapping, potential sources, and health risk assessment of BTEX compounds as well as asbestos fibres in the ambient air of Tehran. Air samples were collected by the NIOSH1501 method at 15 different sample stations from March 2018 to February 2019. Charcoal glass tube was used to collect samples and BTEX concentration was further determined using GC-FID method. The sampling of asbestos fibres was carried out via a low volume peripheral pump with analysis performed according to the NIOSH 7400 method via phase contrast microscopy (PCM). The findings showed that the mean±SD concentrations of ∑BTEX were 33.44 ± 11.77 and 59.97 ± 33.76 µg/m3 in warm and cold seasons, respectively. It was 1.46 × 10−3 and 2.31 × 10−3 fibre/ml for asbestos in the warm and cold seasons, respectively. The spatial mapping indicated that the maximum levels of both pollutants were observed in sampling sites S1, S11, and S15, which were located close to factories downtown (S1) and heavy traffic roads (S11 and S15). The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) value for benzene was 1.64 × 10−5, which was higher than US EPA and WHO recommended limits. Further, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) suggested that the exposure to asbestos fibre in Tehran would cause the risk of developing cancer in 0.5 to 3.53 people per every 1000 individuals. Hence, much suitable managing strategies are required to control the concentration of these pollutants in the ambient air of Tehran
Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafés
Get PDFTobacco smoke is known for releasing metals in indoor air of waterpipe/cigarette cafés. However, the worker exposure to metals, and its association with oxidative stress in these cafés are still unclear. To this end, 54 workers and 38 customers from waterpipe/cigarette cafés (the exposed group), 30 workers from non-smoking cafés (the control group 1 (CG_1)) and 32 individuals from the general population (the control group 2 (CG_2)) were selected and toenails samples were then taken from them. Our findings revealed a significant difference in terms of toenail-bounded metal levels between the exposure and control groups (CG_1 and CG_2) (Mann–Whitney U test, Pvalue < 0.05). This study has also indicated that "type of tobacco" could be considered as a predictor for toenail-bounded heavy metals. Furthermore, our research’s results suggest that toenail-bounded heavy metals are positively and significantly correlated with urinary levels of 8- hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, as a biomarker for the degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidative stress). Therefore, it can be concluded that workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafés are at high risks of adverse health of DNA oxidative degradation
Should we add social media account details to authors' affiliations?
No full textThe inclusion of authors' social media (SM)/scientific social media (SSM) accounts in articles can be used as a complement to their other official identifiers. Viewing authors' SM/SSM pages alongside scientific works can lead to greater cognition and intimacy among researchers. © 2020 The Author(s). Learned Publishin
The association of tobacco smoking and bone health in the elderly population of Iran: results from Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program
No full textSmoking has been linked with osteoporosis, but further evidence is required, especially concerning the effects of different types of tobacco smoking. We sought to examine the association between smoking and bone health in a large cohort of elderly Iranians. Methods: The data from 2377 participants aged >60 years of Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program were used. Regardless of the type of smoking, participants were initially classified as non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers. Current smokers were also categorized based on the smoking type (pure cigarette, pure hookah and both). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate bone density as well as Trabecular Bone Score (TBS). T-score ≤ −2.5 in either of the femoral neck, total hip or spinal sites was applied to determine the osteoporosis. The association of smoking and osteoporosis was assessed using multivariable modified Poisson regression model and reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (APR). The linear regression model was used to assess the association between smoking and TBS, adjusting for potential factors. Results: A total of 2377 (1225 women) were enrolled [mean age: 69.3 (±6.4) years], among which 1054 (44.3%) participants were nonsmokers. In all, 496 (20.9%) participants were current smokers. Multivariable regression analysis revealed no significant association between smoking (either current or past) and osteoporosis in women. In men, current smoking was negatively associated with osteoporosis (APR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.16–1.96). Among current users, cigarette smoking was associated with osteoporosis (APR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.20–2.03); however, we could not detect a significant association between current smoking of hookah and osteoporosis. In men, a significant association was also detected between current cigarette smoking and TBS (coefficient: -0.03, 95%CI: −0.01, −0.04). Conclusion: Current cigarette smoking is associated with both the quantity and quality of bone mass in elderly men. Although we could not detect a significant association between hookah and osteoporosis in men, considering the prevalence of hookah smoking in the middle eastern countries, further studies are needed to determine the effect of hookah smoking on bone health
Empirical cumulative entropy as a new trace elements indicator to determine the relationship between algae-sediment pollution in the Persian Gulf, southern Iran
No full textIn this paper, the amount of 19 elements in three species of algae and associated sediment in the northern margin of the Persian Gulf was investigated. A sampling of algae was performed on the coast with a length of 5 km in each station and surface sediment was sampled at the same time in low and middle intertidal zones. The values of elements in the samples were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) device. Then, the amount of bioaccumulation factor in algae tissue relative to sediment (biota-sediment accumulation factor, BSAF) was determined. The value of BSAF was compared with the empirical cumulative entropy (ECE). ECE is based on comparing the element information in algae with those in sediments. The results showed that BSAF was very closely related to the ECE factor so that significant correlations were obtained for algae species of P. gymnospora (ECE = 0.477 BSAF, R2: 0.967), H. hamulosa (ECE = 0.542 BSAF, R2: 0.979), and C. membranacea (ECE = 0.356 BSAF, R2: 0.976). The ECE values > 0.4 were similar to those obtained for BSAF > 1, exhibiting that the element accumulation in algae was higher than in sediments. Based on ECE, to determine the vanadium accumulation in the environment, the C. membranacea algae are more appropriate than H. hamulosa. Overall, the data showed that ECE is a good alternative to BSAF in estimating marine pollution