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Investigation of the role of complementary medicine on anxiety of patients before and after surgery
No full textEvery year millions of patients undergo surgery worldwide. Anxiety is a common pre-and postoperative problem. Nonpharmacologic anxiety control has been demonstrated to be more suitable in patients. The objective of this study was to apprise the evidence of the effect of various complementary therapies on pre-and postoperative anxiety among patients. A comprehensive literature search was made on Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed Irandoc, SID Science, ScienceDirect, Ovid, Mag Iran, and Google Scholar for original research studies published between 1980 and 2019. Original articles that reported the effect of complementary therapies in patients undergoing surgery were included. Ninety-six studies were analyzed. All of the studies have documented the effects of complementary therapies on improving pre-and postoperative outcomes of patients. Although methods varied considerably, most of the studies included in this review reported positive results. Therefore, there is some evidence that complementary therapies can lead to positive pre-and postoperative outcomes. Therefore, the efficiency and use of complementary medicine, along with the use of therapeutic techniques in classical medicine, can provide a new model for reducing anxiety before and after surgery. It is recommended that nurses conduct additional reviews or clinical studies so that effective approaches to integrated medical care can be developed and patients' health enhanced. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkin
Potential of using green adsorbent of humic acid removal from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic and regeneration studies
No full textThe natural organic matter in water resources poses many problems, such as unpleasant taste and colour in the water, and is one of the most important precursors to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during water treatment. This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) and activated carbon coated with nZVI nanoparticles (AC-nZVI) to remove humic acid from aqueous solutions. To end this, the effect of some operational factors including pH, contact time, humic acid concentration and adsorbent dose was studied in removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions in the presence of AC and AC-nZVI. The structure of the adsorbents and their morphology were characterized by FTIR, BET, SEM and XRD analyzes. The adsorption isotherm was determined using Langmuir, Freundlich and kinetic adsorption models by studying quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order models. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption system such as changes in enthalpy (ΔH0), entropy (ΔS0) and free energy of Gibbs (ΔG0) were also measured and evaluated. The results showed that the removal efficiency is directly associated with the dose of adsorbent and has a reverse association with pH and humic acid concentration. The optimal removal of humic acid at the adsorbent dosage of 1.6 g/L, the humic acid concentration of 50 mg/L and the contact time of 45 min was found 84.7% and 95.68% for AC and AC-nZVI, respectively. The SBET and total pure volume for the AC-nZVI were 821.52 m2/g and 0.631 cm3/g respectively. The removal rate by AC-nZVI as significantly high, indicating the effective role of nanoparticle stabilisation on activated carbon. As a result, it is possible to find an effective and highly efficient adsorbent by stabilising the nanoparticles on activated carbon that can be used to remove humic acid
The effect of web-based educational intervention on physical activity-related energy expenditure among middle-aged women with overweight and obesity: An application of social cognitive theory
No full textIntroduction: Obesity and being overweight are serious health problems worldwide. One of the most effective strategies for controlling and treating obesity is physical activity (PA), which unfortunately is not performed desirably by people. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of web-based educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity-related energy expenditure among women with overweight and obesity. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 91 middle-aged women with overweight and obesity (47 in the intervention and 44 in the control group). The intervention group received theory-based training through the web. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of demographic, SCT constructs and a seven-day standard PA inventory in three stages (before, two-weeks and three-months after training). Data were analyzed by SPSS software v.22. Results: After intervention, the differences between the two groups in terms of SCT constructs were statistically significant as follows: knowledge (P = 0.012), self-regulation (P = 0.001), self-efficacy (P = 0.013), social-support from friends (P = 0.002) and family (P = 0.001) except for the outcome-expectation (P = 0.663). The level of energy expenditure from PA in the intervention group had a significant increase during the study (P = 0.005), while the control group was significantly decreased (P = 0.024). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed the effectiveness of the web and theory-based intervention in increasing awareness, promoting the major constructs of SCT and, finally, improving the PA behavior in women with overweight and obesity. The experience of this study showed that e-learning could be welcomed by these people and encouraged them to engage in PA
Evaluation of adipokines, adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin, in uncomplicated type I diabetes patients before and after treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
No full textBackground: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is potentially a lethal complication of uncontrolled, especially type 1, diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying adipokine involvement in the regulation of glucose metabolism is important to prevent complications of hyperglycemia. The role of novel adipokines during DKA in human remains unclear. Method: The method is to determine the changes in the circulating levels of adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin after treating DKA in the patients referred to Shohadaye Khalij-e-Fars hospital at the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Measuring adipokines (adiponectin, visfatin, and omentin) in 31 patients with DKA who are admitted in Shohadaye Khalij-e-Fars hospital at the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Adipokines are measured at the time of admission and after recovery from DKA, using ELISA method. Results: After recovery from DKA, omentin-1 serum concentration decreased significantly (from 183 to 165), but adiponectin and visfatin did not change significantly. Conclusion: Omentin-1 may play a significant role in insulin resistance during the DKA and could be potentially recommended as a marker of recovery in DKA
Low-dose angiotensin AT1 receptor β-arrestin-biased ligand, TRV027, protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
No full textRecruitment of β-arrestin to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), initially described to cause receptor desensitization, has recently been shown to take active roles in cell signaling. We investigated the effects of TRV027, an angiotensin AT1 receptor β-arrestin-biased ligand, as well as losartan and valsartan on cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Method: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with angiotensin receptor ligands (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) with or without cisplatin, and kidney variables were monitored using animal SPECT, histopathology, and serum parameters. Results: TRV027, losartan, and valsartan did not alter renal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) uptake, histopathological manifestations of kidney injury, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine or Na+ and K+ levels, per se. However, when rats co-treated with cisplatin and either of the AT1 receptor blockers at higher doses, we observed aggravation of cisplatin-induced reduction of radiotracer uptake but improvement of cisplatin-induced hypokalemia, and insignificant effect on histological findings. Furthermore, we noted an additional increase in cisplatin-induced augmentation of BUN and creatinine levels in cisplatin plus valsartan group. TRV027 (1 mg/kg/day) inhibited cisplatin adverse effects on radiotracer uptake, kidney histology, BUN, and creatinine as well as electrolyte levels, but it failed to produce protective effects at higher dose (10 mg/kg/day). Conclusion: Low-dose TRV027 may offer potential benefits in kidney injury due to cisplatin
Virotheranostics, a double-barreled viral gun pointed toward cancer; Ready to shoot?
Get PDFCompared with conventional cancer treatments, the main advantage of oncolytic virotherapy is its tumor-selective replication followed by the destruction of malignant cells without damaging healthy cells. Accordingly, this kind of biological therapy can potentially be used as a promising approach in the field of cancer management. Given the failure of traditional monitoring strategies (such as immunohistochemical analysis (in providing sufficient safety and efficacy necessary for virotherapy and continual pharmacologic monitoring to track pharmacokinetics in real-time, the development of alternative strategies for ongoing monitoring of oncolytic treatment in a live animal model seems inevitable. Three-dimensional molecular imaging methods have recently been considered as an attractive approach to overcome the limitations of oncolytic therapy. These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. Human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) is considered as one of the most prevalent nuclear imaging reporter transgenes that provides precise information regarding the kinetics of gene expression, viral biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic outcomes using the accumulation of radiotracers at the site of transgene expression. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical applications of hNIS-based molecular imaging to evaluate virotherapy efficacy. Moreover, we describe different types of reporter genes and their potency in the clinical trials
Alginate-based electrospun core/shell nanofibers containing dexpanthenol: A good candidate for wound dressing
No full textThe skin prevents infection and contamination entering the body, and wound dressings are one of the most serious tools in wound healing. In the present work, the biocompatibility and swelling tendency of nanofibers increased by adding alginates to a polymer solution is investigated. Glutaraldehyde was used in different methods to strengthen nanofibers, and it was found that a better cross-link was made from the combination of glutaraldehyde with the polymer solution before electrospinning. As the use of drug accelerates the healing process, dexpanthenol was added to the polymeric composition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) using a blending method. The resulting composition was then used as the core of the nanofibers, and drug release was controlled by different shells. The results showed that the presence of chitosan 1% (w/v) in the shell side of nanofibers helped better control the drug release. Also, the drug release from dexpanthenol-loaded wound dressing followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. MTT analysis and cell culture indicated that dexpanthenol-loaded PVA/SA/Triton-Chitosan nanofibers not only were nontoxic to the fibroblast cells but also appropriately affected the cellular attachment and morphology. It was revealed that PVA/SA/Triton-Chitosan nanofibers could be used for tissue engineering applications
Parameters of tissue iron overload and cardiac function in patients with thalassemia major and intermedia
Get PDFNoninvasive T2∗ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment can stratify the risk of subsequent cardiac dysfunction in β-thalassemia major (TM) and β-thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients. The normal level of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP) can rule out acute heart failure. We aim to investigate the relation of NT-proBNP level, T2∗ MRI, and echocardiographic findings in TM and TI patients. In this cross-sectional study, 41 TM patients, 41 TI patients, and 41 healthy individuals (HI) were enrolled. NT-proBNP level, T2∗ MRI, and two-dimensional echocardiography were assessed for all patients and controls. There was statistically significant correlation between NT-proBNP levels and mitral inflow late diastolic velocity (r = -0.538; p = 0.006) in TM group. There was statistically significant correlation between NT-proBNP levels and tricuspid annulus systolic velocity (r = -0.438; p = 0.028), systolic velocity of septum (r = -0.472; p = 0.020), and mitral inflow early-to-late diastolic wave ratio (r = 0.592; p = 0.002) in TM group. Early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial iron overload are likely to prevent the mortality in patients with established ventricular dysfunction. Since NT-proBNP levels were not significantly increased in documented left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, this factor may not be sensitive for the detection of latent LV diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of disease progression
Overexpression of MiR-506 in jurkat (Acute T cell leukemia) cell line
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease that arises from various mutations in B or T-lymphoid progenitors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of proteincoding genes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression may result in the development of cancerous phenotypes. Therefore, for the first time in this field, the present study aims to investigate the effect of overexpression of miR-506 in Jurkat (acute T cell leukemia) cell line. Methods: In this study, Jurkat cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. Next, miR-506 was transfected with concentrations of 50 and 100 nM with Lipofectamine 2000. The accuracy of the transfection was confirmed by the transfection of siRNA conjugated with FITC. 48 h after transfection, the cells were prepared for other tests (flow cytometry, MTT assay, and RNA extraction). The expression level of miR-506 in the cells was analyzed using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, SPSS 21 software was used for the data analysis. Results: According to our results, the viability of cells in concentrations of 50 and 100 nM was significantly higher than the control group. By overexpression of miR-506, the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes (p53, p21) and anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) are decreased and increased, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that miR-506 may function as an oncogenic miRNA in the T-ALL cell line. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-506 leads to an increase in viable cancer cells
An expert system to diagnose spinal disorders
Get PDFObjective: Until now, traditional invasive approaches have been the only means being leveraged to diagnose spinal disorders. Traditional manual diagnostics require a high workload, and diagnostic errors are likely to occur due to the prolonged work of physicians. In this research, we develop an expert system based on a hybrid inference algorithm and comprehensive integrated knowledge for assisting the experts in the fast and high-quality diagnosis of spinal disorders. Methods: First, for each spinal anomaly, the accurate and integrated knowledge was acquired from related experts and resources. Second, based on probability distributions and dependencies between symptoms of each anomaly, a unique numerical value known as certainty effect value was assigned to each symptom. Third, a new hybrid inference algorithm was designed to obtain excellent performance, which was an incorporation of the Backward Chaining Inference and Theory of Uncertainty. Results: The proposed expert system was evaluated in two different phases, real-world samples, and medical records evaluation. Evaluations show that in terms of real-world samples analysis, the system achieved excellent accuracy. Application of the system on the sample with anomalies revealed the degree of severity of disorders and the risk of development of abnormalities in unhealthy and healthy patients. In the case of medical records analysis, our expert system proved to have promising performance, which was very close to those of experts. Conclusion: Evaluations suggest that the proposed expert system provides promising performance, helping specialists to validate the accuracy and integrity of their diagnosis. It can also serve as an intelligent educational software for medical students to gain familiarity with spinal disorder diagnosis process, and related symptoms