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Evaluation of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin for the Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Get PDFPrevious proteomic studies have identified alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) as a potential serum biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this case-control study, we evaluated plasma A1AT concentration and activity as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a group of 113 sporadic CRC patients. We also analyzed A1AT gene promoter methylation, and genotypes in this group of CRC patients. The plasma A1AT and CEA concentrations were measured using the nephelometric and ELISA methods, respectively. A1AT activity was determined by Trypsin Inhibitor Capacity assay. The genomic DNA from blood samples were subjected to Z and S genotype analysis using PCR-RFLP method and the gene promoter methylation in tumors and their adjacent normal tissues was determined by methylation specific-PCR assay. The plasma levels of A1AT and CEA in patients (median, 2.3 g/L and 5.96 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (medians, 1.43 g/L and 2.57 ng/ml, respectively) (p = 0.0001). The plasma A1AT activity and concentrations were positively correlated with the tumor stage and well-discriminated between early and advanced stages. The A1AT activity in plasma was the most useful marker for CRC diagnosis (median 4.8 mmol/min/ml in cases vs 1.91 mmol/min/ml in controls, p = 0.0001). No deficient Z or S alleles of A1AT was observed in patients’ genotype and the gene promoter tends to be more methylated in normal mucosa than in tumor tissues. We conclude that plasma A1AT activity has better sensitivity and specificity than CEA measurement for the early detection of CRC. Promoter demethylation might play a role in increasing plasma A1AT levels in CRC patients
Determination of phthalates in bottled milk by a modified nano adsorbent: Presence, effects of fat and storage time, and implications for human health
No full textPhthalate acid esters (PAEs) have attracted increasing attention because of their toxicity and ubiquity. In the present study, the level of five common PAEs in plastic bottled milk were determined using a novel adsorbent (a combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles), and the PAEs’ associated potential risks to human were also assessed. The investigated compounds were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (D-nOP). The good repeatability, high sensitivity, and short time extraction made this method an effective one for analysis of PAEs in milk. Twenty-four plastic bottled milk samples from 11 commercial brands were chosen according to their fat content and analyzed for target PAEs under different storage times (1 and four days upon purchased). The results revealed that the mean levels of PAEs were as follows: DnOP > DEHP > DBP > DEP > DMP. The results of correlation analysis and principal component (PC) biplot analysis revealed that DnOP and DEHP in the analyzed milk samples had common sources and/or similar chemical behavior. Moreover, fat content had a significant effect on the PAEs level of milk. While no significant correlation was obtained between the level of PAEs and the storage time. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAEs from bottled milk consumption were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. Hence, daily consumption of bottled milk should not pose non-carcinogenic adverse health effects to humans. Moreover, the estradiol risk of bottled milk was low
Overexpression of microRNA-630 in Acute Leukemic T-cell line
Get PDFBackground: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that control the expression of their target mRNAs. It affects cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Dysregulation of miRNAs expression leads to the development of various cancers. Therefore, for the first time in this field, this study investigated the effect of overexpression of microRNA-630 on the Jurkat cells. Materials and methods:: In this experimental study, the Jurkat cells were divided into the four groups, i.e. non-transfected control group (A), scramble (B), transfected with 50 nM concentrations of miR-630 (C), and treated with 100 nM miR-630 (D). MiR-630 transfection was performed by lipofectamine 2000. Cancer cell growth in each group was analyzed with MTT assay. Flow cytometry investigated percent of viable, necrotic, and apoptotic cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) measured the expression of P53, P21, and BCL2 genes. SPSS (version 21) especially Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized for data analysis. Results: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell growth rates in C (118%) and D (136%) groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P= 0.037 vs. 0.034). The percentage of early and late apoptosis in C (3.1% P=0.01, 4.2% P=0.02) and D (0.5% P=0.008, 0.4% P=0.006) groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The expression of p53 and p21 in C (0.7 P=0.037, 0.62 P=0.034) and D (0.44 P=0.034, 0.53 P=0.038) Groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) in C (1.85) and D (3.26) groups were significantly increased compared with the control group (P= 0.037 vs. 0.024). Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-630 led induction of T-ALL cell growth and reduction of their apoptosis. These results emphasized that miR-630 contributed as an oncogenic microRNA in T-ALL cells
Influence of chitosan and magnetic iron nanoparticles on chromium adsorption behavior of natural clay: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference modeling
No full textIn the current study, the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles and chitosan (CS) on the adsorption capacity of natural clay for chromium removal from aqueous media was explored. Clay-based adsorbents (clay, CS/Clay, Clay/Fe3O4, and CS/Clay/Fe3O4) were manufactured and their physicochemical properties were identified. The effects of operating factors on the adsorption efficiency were optimized. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data for the clay, CS/Clay, and Clay/Fe3O4 corresponds to the Langmuir model, while for the CS/Clay/Fe3O4 is consistent with the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Cr(VI) using clay, CS/Clay, Clay/Fe3O4 and CS/Clay/Fe3O4 were 63.69 mg/g, 80.30 mg/g, 97.08 mg/g, and 117.64 mg/g, respectively. It was showed that the addition of chitosan and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to the clay increases its adsorption capacity. The values of ΔG° and ΔH° parameter for Cr adsorption using adsorbents were negative, indicating that the removal process is spontaneous and exothermic. The kinetic behavior obeyed the pseudo-second-order model. The chromium removal process using all the adsorbents had a two-step mechanism. The wastewater of a leather factory was effectively treated using clay based-adsorbents. Based on R2, MSE, SSE, and ARE values, good agreement was observed between the ANFIS model and experimental outcomes
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Management of Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Sphenoclival Region
No full textWe present a 48-year-old woman with an olfactory neuroblastoma who was referred for accurate staging using PET/CT. The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed a 51 × 32-mm mass with an SUVmax of 7.59 in the sphenoidal sinuses, whereas radiotracer uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT was similar to that of brain tissue. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT might be especially useful in regions with difficult tumor visualization resulting from high background, such as brain tissue. The results of this case may suggest that somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma may facilitate the potential application of radiotheranostic agents for the treatment of this aggressive subtype of tumors
Spectrum of mutations of thalassemia among couples from izeh city, khuzestan province, iran
Get PDFHemoglobinopathies are inherited blood disorders with an autosomal recessive pattern. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of mutations of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies among couples referred to health centers of Izeh in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 couples referred to Izeh Health Centers in 2015-2018. DNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood samples and then the HBB gene was analyzed by using Sanger sequencing. For molecular analysis of α-globin gene, multiplex Gap-PCR and ARMS-PCR was performed to identify mutations of α-thalassemia. Results: DNA analysis revealed 13 different mutations for beta thalassemia in studied couples. Three mutations including 36/37 (-T), IVS-II-1 (G>A) and IVS-I-110 (G>A) accounted for 20.7, 19.3 and 13.3% of beta thalassemia mutations, respectively. For alpha thalassemia; α3.7 (49.5%),--MED (19.1 %) and-α4.2 (3.1%) were identified as the most common mutations. Conclusion: Considering common alpha and beta mutations of this geographic area of Iran could be useful concerning genetic counselling in of the population where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high
Methylation assessment of two DKK2 and DKK4 genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Get PDFBackground: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important types of oral malignancies. DKK gene family members as well as DKK2/4 have critical roles in regulation of Wnt signaling as one of the main determining pathway in oral carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify promoter methylation status of DKK2/4 genes to provide possible biomarkers for early detection and treatment of OSCC patients. Methods: A case control study was performed on 31 fresh tissues obtained from oral cavity of patients affect-ed by OSCC and 31 fresh corresponding tissues from normal healthy controls in Tehran and, between the years of 2016-2018. Purified DNA from tissue samples was subjected to bisulfite treatment and then methyla-tion specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was carried out on treated DNA samples. Results: DKK4 promoter was methylated in none of OSCC samples while it was methylated in 16.1% of healthy controls. 16.1% of OSCC samples were detected to be semimethylated and 22.6% of healthy normal samples were methylated for DKK2 promoter gene. Meaningful difference was found in DKK4 promoter methylation among OSCC patients and healthy controls. Significant correlation was found between DKK4 promoter methylation and tumor grade. The age of all enrolled samples was demonstrated to have strong effect on promoter methylation of studied genes. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of DKK2 and DKK4 genes in higher grades of OSCC samples may indicate the pivotal role of their expression in tumor cells invasion and progression through modulation of Wnt signaling pathway. Further study required to determine simultaneous expression of those genes and Wnt signaling ele-ments at mRNA and protein levels
Infodemic management in Iran: A necessity to control and response to COVID-19 [Iran'da Infodemik Yönetim: COVID-19'a Kontrol ve Müdahale Gerekliliǧi]
Get PDFCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The world will be accompanied by a tsunami of information. Therefore, it can be stated that we have been encountered "infodemic"through the Covid-19 global crisis. "We're not just fighting an epidemic; we're fighting an infodemic", said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. COVID-19 epidemic has been spreaded in Iran, in February 2020. According to a general classifications, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) of Iran actions to manage infodemic presented in five major domains; a) Releasing guidelines and protocol; b) Launching systems, websites and applications; c) Allocation of call center; d) Educational program on national TV and the Media; e) Establishment of different national campaigns. In order to have effective infodemic management, two phases are recommended; 1) Disseminate accurate and timely information through official channels and resources. 2) Educate the necessary skills to the information stakeholders. These skills include information literacy, media literacy, and health literacy
Potential of green/brown algae for monitoring of metal(loid)s pollution in the coastal seawater and sediments of the Persian Gulf: ecological and health risk assessment
No full textThe current investigation evaluates metal (loid)s biomonitoring using algae as well as the metal(loid) pollution of seawaters and sediments in the northern part along the Persian Gulf. Algae, seawater, and sediment samples were collected from four coastal areas with different land applications. The concentration of Ni, V, As, and Cd in abiotic samples (seawater and sediment) and four species of algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis, Rhizoclonium riparium, Cystoseira myrica, and Sargassum boveanum) was measured using an ICP-AES device. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements in seawater, sediments, and algae species followed the trend of “Ni˃V˃As˃Cd.” The area of Asaloyeh (with the highest industrial activity) and the Dayyer area (with the lowest industrial activity) provided the highest and lowest amounts of metal(loid)s pollution, respectively. The average concentrations of V and As in four algae species significantly differed for all sampled areas. Obtaining the bio-concentration factor (BCF) > 1 for seawater and Ganaveh>Bushehr>Dayyer. Algae species of C. myrica and E. intestinalis can often serve as suitable biological tools for monitoring seawater and sediment quality
Morphometric and genetic characterizations of blue swimming crab Portunus segnis, (Forskal, 1775) along the Iranian coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
No full textPortunid crabs form the basis of important fisheries in many parts of the world, however, their population biology is poorly understood. The more than 90 species of the Portunidae are widely distributed in global oceans often with indistinct boundaries among species, especially in the Indian Ocean. To clarify the species occurrence and population genetic structure of Portunus pelagicus and Portunus segnis in Iranian waters, crab specimens were collected from four sites along the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. For a subset of 40 sampled crabs, the Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was sequenced and compared among the four sites. This analysis identified P. segnis as the predominant species (39 out of 40 sequenced samples) with the infrequent occurrence of P. pelagicus (one out of 40 sampled). Genetic diversity analysis for P. segnis samples identified high to moderate haplotype (0.98) and nucleotide (0.04) diversities. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) (ΦST=0.09629 P = 0.00673) revealed significant genetic differentiation between two sampling sites inside the Persian Gulf, at Chabahar and Qeshm which are 500 km apart. Comparisons of the variation in the carapace morphometrics of 104 male P. segnis among sites using canonical variate analysis showed significant differences among the four sampling sites (P < 0.0001). Overall, the results revealed a high degree of morphological and genetic heterogeneity in P. segnis over relatively small spatial scales in this region of the Indian Ocean. The morphological variability of this species is such that it masked the sympatric presence of the species, P. pelagicus. It is likely that other cryptic portunid congeners will be identified in other Indo-Pacific regions given the high level of genetic variability that has been previously described for P. pelagicus from this region