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Uptake of anionic and cationic dyes from water using natural clay and clay/starch/MnFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite
No full textThe present research was designed to explore the adsorption of sunset yellow (SY) and Nile blue (NB) from water using clay and clay/starch/MnFe2O4 magnetic composite. The magnetic composite was synthesized by chemical precipitation and the physical-chemical characteristics of the adsorbents were evaluated. The specific magnetic saturation values for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles and clay/starch/MnFe2O4 were obtained 31.88emu/g and 10.33emu/g, respectively. In the batch mode experiments, the effect of operational factors was studied. The pseudo-second-order had a better correlation coefficient compared to the pseudo-first-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The Langmuir and Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium data for adsorption of both dyes (SY and NB) using clay and clay/starch/MnFe2O4, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for the adsorption of SY and NB dyes using clay was 67.82 mg/g and 72.25 mg/g, respectively and these values increased by about 15% after using the clay/starch/MnFe2O4 composite. The negative value of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy parameters proved that the SY and NB adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. A sample of textile wastewater was properly treated using adsorbents. Finally, clay and clay/starch/MnFe2O4 magnetic composite can be used as viable adsorbents for dyes removal from water and industrial wastewater
The effects of carvedilol, metoprolol and propranolol on cisplatin-induced kidney injury
No full textThe β-adrenoceptor blockers may have anti-oxidant properties or induce β-arrestin recruitment beyond classical desensitization of receptor/G protein coupling, offering potential therapeutic benefits. Here, we investigated the effects of carvedilol, metoprolol and propranolol in an animal model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats received the β-blockers (3 or 12 mg/kg/day) with or without cisplatin, and kidney function was investigated using renal scintigraphy, histopathology, and serum variables. Metoprolol and propranolol as well as low-dose carvedilol did not alter kidney function, per se. Meanwhile, high-dose carvedilol reduced renal accumulation of Technetium-99m (99mTc)–labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) without significant effect on other variables. Furthermore, low-dose carvedilol prevented cisplatin-induced reduction of tracer uptake, but high-dose of this drug aggravated the situation. In this regard, both low and high -doses of carvedilol significantly inhibited cisplatin effects on kidney histology, BUN and creatinine levels. Also, high-dose propranolol inhibited cisplatin adverse effects on radiotracer uptake, histological manifestations, BUN and creatinine levels, while metoprolol failed to cause a notable effect. Taken together, carvedilol and high-dose propranolol may offer potential benefits in cisplatin nephrotoxicity
Estimation of the wastage rate of MMR and pentavalent vaccines in open and closed vials in three western provinces of Iran
Get PDFBackground: Vaccine wastage is one of quality indicators of immunization program and high vaccine wastage will increase overall costs and impede efforts towards a more efficient and sustainable program. We aimed at estimating of the wastage rates of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) and pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B -Haemophilus influenza type b) vaccines in different vaccine vial sizes. Study design: Multicentre descriptive study using existing data. Methods: This study was in three provinces (Hamadan, Kermanshah and Kordestan) of Iran including 131,135 populations with 2,548 under-1years children. Twenty-seven health facilities were selected randomly from nine districts in three provinces of western part of Iran. Six-months data including vaccination and vaccine stock records collected from April to September 2017. Finally, number of opened vials and number of target population vaccinated were collected and data were analysed to estimate the wastage rates in both unopened and opened vials of both antigens. Results: The wastage rate for combined MMR 2-dose and 5-dose opened vials for three provinces was 29%(Hamadan 18%, Kermanshah 14% and Kordestan 52%). The wastage rate for combined pentavalent single-dose and 10-dose vials for three provinces was 17% (in Kordestan33%, 11% Kermanshah 11% and Hamedan 3%). The total average of pentavalent single-dose and 10-dose vials wastage rate was 5% and varied 13% for urban and 3% for rural areas. The average of discarded unopened vials wastage rate in all facilities for MMR was 3.9% (3.2% for MMR 2-dose vial and 10.2% for MMR 5-dose vial). This rate was 1.7% for pentavalent total (1.9% for single dose vial and 0.4% for 10 dose vial). Conclusion: The vaccine wastage rates in Iran are in line with other countries and lower than the suggested rate based on WHO policies for multi-dose vials. The wastage rates were different for in provinces, districts and health facilities. The MMR total wastage rate in rural is higher than those in urban areas. However, the pentavalent total wastage rate was higher in urban area
Cancer associated fibroblasts as novel promising therapeutic targets in breast cancer
No full textBreast cancer is one of the most important women-related malignancies, which is incurable (particularly in advanced stages) and tumor microenvironment is a number one accused part in the inefficiency of current anti-breast cancer therapeutic strategies. The tumor microenvironment is composed of various cellular and acellular components, which provide an optimum condition for freely expanding cancer cells in various cancer types, particularly breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main cell types in the breast tumor region, which can promote various tumor-promoting processes such as expansion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. CAFs directly (by cell-to-cell communication) and indirectly (through secreting soluble factors) can exert their tumorigenic functions. We try to elucidate the immunobiology of CAFs, their origin, function, and heterogeneity in association with their role in various cancer-promoting processes in breast cancer. Based on current knowledge, we believe that the origin of CAFs, their subsets, and their specific expressed biomarkers determine their pro- or anti-tumor functions. Therefore, targeting CAF without considering their specific functions may lead to a deleterious outcome. We propose to find and characterize each subtype of CAFs in association with its specific function in different stages of breast cancer to develop novel promising therapeutic approaches against the right CAF subtype
Delay in Diagnosis of Two Siblings with Severe Ocular Problems and Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
Get PDFAutoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is a scarce polyendocrinopathy with autosomal recessive inheritance results from defects in the human autoimmune regulatory (AIRE) gene. In addition to three major manifestations of APS1 including mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, ophthalmic problems such as keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye, iridocyclitis, and cataract can be seen in these patients. In this article, we introduced two siblings presented with nail dystrophia, severe photophobia, and keratitis since early childhood which genetic examination revealed single nucleotide T>C translocation in their 2nd exon and heterozygous deletion mutation in their 12th exon
Contribution of Iran in COVID-19 studies: a bibliometrics analysis
Get PDFBackground: Iran is fighting heroically against COVID-19. Due to the importance of scientific publications in better dealing with this stubborn virus, this study was conducted aiming at reviewing COVID-19 publications by Iranian scientists. Methods: We searched for COVID-19 and all its related keywords in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and PubMed databases to find documents published by Iranian authors until July 10, 2020. Duplicates documents were excluded, and bibliographic parameters were evaluated. Co-authorship matrix was calculated using Bibexcel, and visualizations were done using VOSviewer. Results: A total of 849 documents from 3450 Iranian researchers (5.5 authors per document) were retrieved from WOS, PubMed, and Scopus and Iran ranked 12th and 13th in WOS and Scopus in terms of the number of publications. The average citation per document was 2.2 with the h-index of 18. Original articles and letters were the most common formats for Iranian publications. The Journal of Military Medicine has published the highest number of documents. Iranian authors have mostly collaborated with researchers from the United States, Italy, the UK, and Canada, respectively. The co-occurrence network for keywords represented five publication clusters in the collection, and the largest clusters were related to epidemiological studies and public health, followed by clinical studies on COVID-19. Conclusion: Iranian researchers have had a significant scientific contribution in various areas of the disease. However, the network of studies has not been sufficiently cohesive, and more coherent collaboration between researchers at the national and international levels should be on the agenda of research policymakers in the country
Optimal time repair of ventricular septal rupture post myocardial infarction
Get PDFVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon complication of myocardial infarction (MI). The mortality rate of VSR is high. The management of VSR is including the stabilization of the hemodynamic status and surgical closure of the rupture. In spite of the agreement of experts on the necessity of surgical repair, the timing of VSR repair management remains unclear. In this review article, we evaluate the optimal time repair of VSR. To collect the data, Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registry databases were searched for potentially suitable studies. Search terms were including “Ventricular Septal Rupture”, “Myocardial Infarction”, “Timing”, and “MI”. According to the result of the studies, it seems that the time between VSR detection and its repair is a determining factor in the survival or mortality of patients in post-myocardial infraction VSR. Studies showed that earlier surgical repair in VSR increases the risk of mortality, because in the early phase after MI, infarcted myocardium is very fragile, and it is very difficult surgical repair and increases the risk of recurrent septal defects. The longer time is needed for the heart and different body systems to adapt to the hemodynamic results of the abrupt left to right shunt. It seems that the best time for the operation is after the maturation of VSR with scarring at the edges of the defect. Moreover, in a large number of patients, it is not possible to delay the operation since they are at risk of severe heart failure and organ dysfunction. In these cases operation immediately after diagnosis of VSR is recommended to prevent further hemodynamic deterioration. In hemodynami-cally compromised patients, it may be considered to use a ventricular assist device, requiring an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) preoperative to postpone the operation which leads to higher survival in post-MI-VSD
Research culture reduces scientific misconduct [La cultura de investigación reduce la mala conducta científica]
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Calcined alluvium of agricultural streams as a recyclable and cleaning tool for cationic dye removal from aqueous media
No full textThe purpose of the current study was to examine the potential of raw and calcined alluvium, prepared from water streams in agricultural land, as a novel adsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) from the aqueous media. Central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the adsorption process as well as the interaction between parameters (adsorbent dose, initial pH, ultrasonic time and initial dye concentration). The physicochemical properties and surface changes of raw and calcined alluvium were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The BET surface and pore diameter of the calcined alluvium was obtained 68.13 m2/g and 16.58 nm, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tamkin equations were used to model the adsorption equilibrium. The results showed that the adsorption of the dyes is physical and desirable, and the interaction between the surfaces of the alluvium adsorbents with the pollutants is weak. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of the studied dyes using raw alluvium (MB: 49.36 mg/g and MV: 57.84 mg/g) and calcined alluvium (MB: 71.96 mg/g and MV: 78.13 mg/g) was calculated. Adsorption data were more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Also, the adsorption/desorption process was investigated for up to 10 cycles. The difference in the amount of dye adsorption efficiency for the fresh adsorbent and its 10th recycled one was only 5%, indicating that the adsorbent was stable and reusable
Epidermal neural crest stem cell transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke
Get PDFIntroduction: Cell-based therapy is considered as promising strategy to cure stroke. However, employing appropriate type of stem cell to fulfill many therapeutic needs of cerebral ischemia is still challenging. In this regard, the current study was designed to elucidate therapeutic potential of epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in rat model of ischemic stroke. Methods: Ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 minutes. Immediately after reperfusion, EPI-NCSCs or BM-MSCs were transplanted via intra-arterial or intravenous route. A test for neurological function was performed before ischemia and 1, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. Also, infarct volume ratio and relative expression of 15 selected target genes were evaluated 7 days after transplantation. Results: EPI-NCSCs transplantation (both intra-arterial and intravenous) and BM-MSCs transplantation (only intra-arterial) tended to result in a better functional outcome, compared to the MCAO group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The infarct volume ratio significantly decreased in NCSC-intra-arterial, NCSC-intravenous and MSC-intra-arterial groups compared to the control. EPI-NCSCs interventions led to higher expression levels of Bdnf, nestin, Sox10, doublecortin, β-III tubulin, Gfap, and interleukin-6, whereas neurotrophin-3 and interleukin-10 were decreased. On the other hand, BM-MSCs therapy resulted in upregulation of Gdnf, β-III tubulin, and Gfap and down-regulation of neurotrophin-3, interleukin-1, and interleukin-10. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic effects of EPI-NCSCs transplantation, probably through simultaneous induction of neuronal and glial formation, as well as Bdnf over-expression in a rat model of ischemic strok