UMA - Open Access Journals (Universitas Medan Area)
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Peacekeeping or Perpetuating Insecurity? Human Security Implications of Peacekeeping Missions in South Sudan
Full text linkPeacekeeping missions (PKMs) are widely promoted as instruments of civilian protection and post-conflict stabilisation, yet their human security outcomes remain contested, particularly in fragile states. In South Sudan, sustained peacekeeping engagement since 2013 has coincided with protracted political rivalry and ethnic fragmentation, raising questions about the effectiveness of such interventions in improving everyday human security. This study examines the human security implications of peacekeeping missions in South Sudan between 2013 and 2021, focusing on their interactions with civilian protection, displacement, and community-level vulnerabilities. Anchored in the Fiduciary Theory of Humanitarian Intervention, which emphasises the ethical obligation of interveners to prioritise civilian welfare alongside operational security, the study adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design. Data are drawn from academic literature, United Nations and humanitarian agency reports, policy documents, and credible media sources, and are analysed thematically. The findings reveal that while peacekeeping missions have provided limited protective functions, they have struggled to reduce violence or address broader human security threats significantly. Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites offered temporary refuge but were undermined by governance deficits, resource constraints, abuse allegations, health risks, and the circulation of small arms. Moreover, peacekeeping efforts prioritised elite political settlements over community-based reconciliation, limiting their capacity to address structural drivers of insecurity. The study concludes that peacekeeping in South Sudan functioned essentially as crisis management rather than a transformative human security intervention, underscoring the need for a recalibration towards inclusive peacebuilding and community-centred security
Development of a Smart IoT Dashboard for Sustainable River Water Quality Monitoring in Ciujung River
Full text linkThe water quality of the Ciujung River in Serang has experienced a significant decline due to domestic and industrial waste pollution, directly affecting public health and environmental sustainability. Current monitoring systems remain largely manual and lack responsiveness, resulting in delayed and less data-driven pollution management. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water quality monitoring system integrated with an intelligent dashboard to support sustainable environmental programs. The proposed system monitors key water quality parameters, including pH, temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS), in real time. The methodology includes designing a microcontroller-based sensor prototype, integrating data communication modules (LoRa/GSM), processing data via a cloud server, and implementing interactive visualization through a web-based dashboard. Furthermore, the system features an early warning mechanism when water parameters exceed environmental quality thresholds. Field trials are conducted at several strategic points along the Ciujung River to evaluate data acquisition reliability, connectivity stability, and sensor accuracy. The expected outcome is an efficient, responsive, and adaptive monitoring system that supports data-driven decision-making in river water management and reinforces commitments to sustainable development
Design and Field Evaluation of a Smart-Contract FinTech Model for MSME Financial Accountability and Transparency in Medan
Full text linkDigital transformation requires Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to enhance financial transparency and accountability in order to support Indonesia’s digital economic growth. This research is motivated by the limitations of traditional MSME accounting systems, which are still dominated by manual record-keeping, vulnerable to data manipulation, and characterized by limited access to digital accounting technologies. These conditions may reduce trust from business partners and financial institutions. Blockchain-based smart contract technology offers an innovative solution by enabling transparent, automated, and immutable financial transactions. This study aims to design a smart contract–based digital accounting system suitable for implementation by MSMEs in Medan City. The research adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach combined with Design Science Research (DSR). The research stages include user needs identification, system design using the Solidity programming language, prototype development on the Ethereum Testnet, and testing through MSME transaction scenarios. System evaluation was conducted through functional testing and end-user interviews, revealing significant improvements in key financial accountability indicators, along with a high system usability score (SUS = 77.12) and strong adoption intention. The proposed system is expected to deliver a real-time, automated, and tamper-resistant accounting model that strengthens MSME financial accountability and competitiveness within the digital economy ecosystem.
Sosialisasi Bank Sampah untuk Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Kelurahan Pulo Kerto dalam Mendukung SDG’s 12
No full textWaste management is a critical issue in urban areas, including in Pulo Kerto Village, Gandus District, Palembang City. This community service activity aimed to increase residents’ knowledge and awareness of waste banks as a sustainable waste management solution to support the achievement of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The method used was Participatory Learning and Action (PLA), comprising three stages: observation, core implementation (socialization, education, and waste-sorting practice), and evaluation. The activity was attended by 30 participants, consisting of housewives and environmental cadres. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in community knowledge: understanding of the waste bank concept increased from 16% to 100%, waste sorting ability increased from 27% to 80%, and willingness to participate in waste banks increased from 40% to 90%. This activity had a positive impact on changing community attitudes in managing household waste more responsibly
Desain Sistem Aplikasi Pelaporan Pelanggaran di Destinasi Pariwisata Prioritas Indonesia Berbasis Prinsip Keberlanjutan
Full text linkAmid growing demands for transparency and public participation in tourism governance, public reporting technology is still rarely positioned as a strategic instrument for citizen participation in sustainable tourism destinations. This study aims to analyze the needs and design a complaint reporting system for violations in Indonesia's priority tourism destinations by integrating sustainability principles and RAD approach. Using in-depth interviews with tourism experts and application developers, questionnaires, and field observations in super-priority destinations. The results show that the limitations of manual complaint systems not only hamper the effectiveness of follow-up violations but also weaken the participation of tourists as actors in destination governance. The main findings indicate that a responsive, secure, and transparent digital reporting system has the potential to strengthen the practice of co-production of public services and increase the accountability of tourism destination management. The scientific contribution of this research lies in the expansion of the RAD model's application in the context of participatory technology in the tourism sector, while enriching the e-governance discourse by positioning complaint applications as a medium for tourists and destination managers. This research emphasizes that public reporting technology is strategic instrument in building participatory, ethical, and sustainable tourism destination governance
Deskripsi Teknik Pembuatan dan Permainan Aramba dan Faritia oleh Bapak Faozisökhi Laia di Sanggar Museum Pusaka Nias di Kota Gunungsitoli
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan teknik pembuatan dan permainan instrumen musik tradisional Nias, Aramba dan Faritia, sebagaimana dipraktikkan oleh Faozisökhi Laia di Sanggar Museum Pusaka Nias, Gunungsitoli. Kedua instrumen ini berperan penting dalam budaya Nias sebagai pengiring upacara adat, pesta pernikahan, serta sarana komunikasi musikal dalam konteks sosial. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan kerangka etnomusikologi, menggunakan teori Khasima Shusumu tentang aspek fisik instrumen, Bruno Nettl terkait analisis dan transkripsi permainan, Curt Sach & Hornbostel mengenai klasifikasi instrumen, serta Alan P. Merriam tentang perilaku musikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Aramba dan Faritia berakar dari instrumen Tutuhao serta mengandung nilai budaya dan simbolik. Proses pembuatannya mencakup keterampilan tradisional dengan tahapan pemanasan, pembentukan ragi-ragi, mamatö, pembentukan hagu, hingga penyempurnaan. Teknik permainan Aramba dilakukan dengan menggantungnya, memukul bagian hagu sambil bergerak layaknya menari, sedangkan Faritia dimainkan dua orang secara berhadapan dengan nada rendah dan tinggi yang berpola ritmis
Design and Implementation of a Blockchain-Based Smart Barcode System to Enhance Supply Chain Traceability of Traditional Golok Ciomas Craftsmanship
Full text linkGolok Ciomas, a traditional weapon deeply rooted in Indonesian heritage, holds both cultural and economic significance for local micro-enterprises. However, the expansion of its market reach is hindered by limited supply chain transparency, inadequate product traceability, and the absence of authentication mechanisms. This study presents the design and implementation of a smart QR-based tracking system to enhance supply chain visibility and prevent counterfeiting. Employing a mixed-methods approach—combining participatory field observation with web-based software prototyping— framework embeds dynamic QR codes at every production stage, from raw material sourcing to end distribution. Pilot testing was conducted with selected blacksmiths and local traders in Banten Province. The results demonstrate that platform successfully increases information transparency, verifies product authenticity, and expands digital marketing reach. Compared to traditional manual records, the smart barcode platform significantly reduces data fragmentation and facilitates efficient access without requiring high-end infrastructure. This research contributes to the digital empowerment of heritage-based micro-enterprises while preserving product authenticity. Future improvements include blockchain integration and mobile-responsive features to extend usability. Framework serves as a scalable model for other cultural craftsmanship sectors seeking to modernize without compromising their artisanal identity
Classification of Oranges Based on Their Quality Using the YOLOv5 Algorithm
Full text linkIndonesia, as an agrarian country, has a wide variety of horticultural commodities, one of which is mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata). Post-harvest handling, particularly the sorting process based on fruit ripeness and defects, plays an important role in maintaining product quality and market value. However, manual sorting is considered inefficient because it is repetitive, highly dependent on operator subjectivity, and prone to inconsistency. Several studies report those manual methods can result in classification error rates exceeding 20% and longer processing times compared to computer vision-based systems. This study develops an automatic citrus fruit quality classification system using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The dataset consists of 703 citrus fruit images captured directly using a webcam under varying lighting intensities and color conditions, and is divided into 80% training data and 20% testing data. The classification is performed into three quality categories: ripe, unripe (green), and rotten oranges, based on the visual characteristics of the fruit peel. Experimental results show that a training configuration with 300 epochs, a batch size of 40, and warm white bright lighting conditions achieves the best performance. Real-time testing on 15 citrus fruits yields an average accuracy of 78.2%, indicating the potential of the proposed system as an initial sorting aid, despite limitations related to lighting conditions and the amount of test data
Edukasi Kesehatan pada Kader Kesehatan Mengenai Stunting dan Pencegahannya Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Benda Baru, Tangerang Selatan
No full textStunting Incidence Over the Past Decade with 148.1 Million (22.3 Percent of Children Under 5 Years of Age Worldwide Affected) in 2022. Indonesia is included in the Third Country with the Highest Prevalence of Stunting Cases at 36.4%. The purpose of PkM is to provide health education related to stunting, its causes and prevention. In addition, it also introduced an information system related to stunting calculations. The community service activity was attended by all participants who attended a total of 53 health cadres of the Benda Baru Health Center. Activities still need to have more audience members so that the results are wider and more beneficial. The output of the implementation or solution as an indicator of the success of the program is to ask participants about the material explained during the PkM, namely the definition, causes, impacts, stunting prevention and also about calculations using stunting calculators. PkM is running smoothly. The results of the post-test score have increased compared to the pre-test score. This shows that there is an increase in public knowledge after counseling is carried out. The results of this community service are useful as a contribution of knowledge to Nursing and Public Health Promotion and Education Health Providing knowledge about stunting is expected to make children free from malnutrition and stunting
Inovasi Cascara Berbasis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Kutambaru
No full textThis Community Service Program (PKM) aims to empower coffee farmers in Kutambaru Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, by valorizing coffee husk waste into economically valuable cascara products. The problems faced by the partners include the underutilization of coffee waste, limited knowledge of product diversification, and inadequate managerial and marketing capacities. The program was implemented using a participatory approach through socialization, cascara production training, basic business management training, and digital marketing assistance. The evaluation results indicate an improvement in participants’ capacity. At the initial stage, 60% of participants had no prior knowledge of coffee husk valorization and cascara products. After the program, 100% understood the processing stages, and 70% were able to independently practice production. In addition, around 60% of participants demonstrated initial understanding of agroindustry management and digital marketing. The program produced pure and spiced cascara products, along with outputs including a simple business plan, product branding, and digital marketing accounts to support the development of a sustainable community-based agroindustry