UMA - Open Access Journals (Universitas Medan Area)
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ANTIDIABETES TEST OF ETANOL EXTRACT OF ARA SUNGSANG LEAVES (Asystasia gangetica L.) ON ALOKSAN INDUCED WHITE MICE
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by progressive impairment of insulin secretion leading to insulin resistance. Long-term use of antidiabetic drugs has gastrointestinal side effects as well as an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Therefore, a safer herbal treatment was developed. The purpose of the study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract of ara sungsang leaves on the reduction of glucose levels. The research is experimental, with the stages of making and standardizing simplisia, phytochemical screening, extraction, testing antidiabetic activity in vivo with 25 male mice. Blood glucose levels were determined at the beginning of fasting, after alloxan induction dose of 150 mg/kgbw, day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15. Blood glucose levels were analyzed statistically using the oneway ANOVA method. The results of the examination of simplisia standardization showed that the standardization of simplisia met the requirements. Phytochemical screening results showed that ara sungsang contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. The antidiabetic activity test in mice showed that the ethanol extract of ara sungsang at a dose of 225 mg/kgbw had a greater effect on reducing blood glucose levels than doses of 75 and 150 mg/kgbw
DIVERSITY OF MOSS PLANTS (BRYOPHYTA) IN COBAN TALUN, BATU CITY
Get PDFMosses (Bryophyta) are lower plants that lack the vascular tissue, roots, stems and true leaves of higher plants. Lichens can grow in a variety of habitats, including in extreme environments. This study aims to identify the diversity of moss plants in Coban Talun, Batu City, East Java. The sampling technique applied in this study involved dividing the area into 10 plots, with each plot having a size of 3m x 3m. The results obtained from ten plots in the Coban Talun waterfall area showed the presence of 9 species of lichens growing in the location, namely Anoectangium aestivum, Anomodon attenuatus, Campylopus introflexus, Marchantia polymorpha, L. cruciata, Pogonatum inflexum, Andreaea sp., Leucobryum glaucum, and Conocephalum conicum. Moss diversity is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. At low temperatures (around 25°C) moss diversity is higher than at higher temperatures (around 29°C). At humidity close to 72%, liverwort diversity is more dominant, while at humidity around 62%, leafwort diversity is more dominant
The Clout Chasing Phenomenon: When Sensual Disgrace on Instagram Becomes a Shortcut to Popularity
Get PDFSocial media, especially Instagram, is a platform that influences individual behavior in building a digital presence. The phenomenon of clout chasing emerged as a strategy to gain attention and popularity through provocative content, including sensual nuances. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach to understand the meaning behind this behavior. The subject of the study is Instagram users who actively produce personal content with emotional nuances to increase social interaction. The results show that the need for existential validation and recognition drives oversharing behaviors that utilize platform algorithmic mechanisms. This phenomenon reflects the disintegration of social norms, in which privacy and decency are replaced by new standards oriented towards interaction and popularity. The conclusion of the study states that clout chasing creates a cycle of performativity that deepens social alienation, describing how social media influences an individual's morality and digital identity
Potensi Aplikasi Endofit dalam Agroekosistem Berkelanjutan: Biofertilizer dan Biokontrol Hayati
Get PDFEndophytic microorganisms have become a central focus in numerous studies related to sustainable agriculture due to their dual potential as biological agents—functioning both as biocontrol and biofertilizers. The presence of endophytes within plant tissues has been shown to enhance vegetative growth, strengthen resistance against pathogenic attacks, and optimize nutrient uptake. This article presents a systematic review of recent studies from 2018 to 2024, addressing the classification, mechanisms of action, and potential applications of endophytic microorganisms in agriculture. Several bacterial genera, including Bacillus spp., Azospirillum spp., and Pseudomonas spp., along with non-pathogenic fungal groups such as Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp., have demonstrated effectiveness in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone synthesis, and the production of antimicrobial compounds. Research findings indicate that the application of endophytic microorganisms as biological inputs holds great promise in supporting the development of environmentally friendly, sustainable, and high-yielding agricultural systems
Juridical Review of Confiscated Goods of Corruption Crime (Study of Decision Number 40/Pid.Sus/TPK/2020/PN Mdn)
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the enforcement of criminal law and legal certainty in asset confiscation related to corruption cases, by focusing on Decision No. 40/Pid.Sus/TPK/2020/PN Mdn. The case concerns a private actor who manipulated the procurement process of waste-processing machines in Tanjungbalai City, causing state losses of more than IDR 1.5 billion. Using a normative juridical method and statutory-case approach, the research analyzes relevant legal norms, legislation, and jurisprudence. The data sources include primary legal materials (statutes and court decisions), secondary materials (journals and legal commentaries), and tertiary materials (legal dictionaries). The analysis shows the defendant violated Article 2(1) and Article 18 of Law No. 31/1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20/2001, supported by Article 55(1) of the Indonesian Penal Code. In addition to imprisonment, the court imposed a restitution penalty, enforceable through asset seizure and auction. The urgency of this issue lies in the challenge of recovering state losses when assets are in the name of third parties. This decision highlights the significance of legal certainty and enforceability in asset confiscation rulings, especially in corruption cases involving non-state actors. This research contributes to legal development in anti-corruption enforcement and provides a precedent for how asset recovery should be implemented
Post-Truth dan Generasi Digital: Mengurai Tantangan Literasi Informasi di Era Disinformasi
Get PDFThe post-truth era is characterized by the erosion of the role of facts in shaping public opinion, which is increasingly replaced by personal emotions and beliefs. The younger generation, as the dominant users of social media, faces serious challenges in sorting out accurate information amid the dominance of emotional content, algorithms that create echo chambers, and digital social pressures. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative approach based on literature studies to identify the main challenges faced by the younger generation and formulate strategies to improve information literacy. The study's results show that low media literacy, digital fatigue, a crisis of trust in institutions, and the weak integration of media literacy in formal education all contribute to increased vulnerability to disinformation. Therefore, a systemic approach is needed through the collaboration of various parties to form a healthy information ecosystem and strengthen the resilience of the digital generation to information manipulation
Strategy for Improving the Performance of State Civil Apparatus in the Era of Digitalization (Study at the Malang State Property and Auction Service Office)
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the strategies used by the KPNL Malang agency to improve the performance of the state civil apparatus in the digitalization era. The research used qualitative research methods. The results showed that improving Apparatus performance at KPKNL Malang was analyzed from 3 variables, namely: (1) continuous improvement, implementation of FWS (flexible working space) based on the circular letter of the Minister of Finance Decree Number 223/KMK.01/2020 concerning Implementation of Workplace Flexibility (FWS) within the Ministry of Finance. (2) To improve the quality of results, internally, the KPKNL Malang agency uses the e-peform performance reporting application, and externally, KPKNL Malang opens more channels for public complaints through online channels and social media openly accessible on the official KPKNL Malang account. (3) human resource development: In increasing the capacity of the Apparatus, the KPKNL Malang agency requires completing 20 training hours/per year for each Apparatus, which can be pursued through offline training at the training centre or online / independently in the KLC application
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Grassroots Development in Nigeria: A Thematic Content Analysis of the State Joint Local Government Account (2000–2024)
Get PDFNigeria’s intergovernmental fiscal framework, particularly the State Joint Local Government Account (SJLGA), has long been criticised for undermining local autonomy and impeding grassroots development. This study examines how the SJLGA affects the fiscal independence and service delivery capacity of local governments. Drawing on thematic content analysis of scholarly articles, constitutional documents, audit reports, and empirical studies published between 2000 and 2024, the research identifies core themes shaping local governance outcomes. Findings reveal that the SJLGA fosters financial dependency, enabling state governments to control local allocations and impose political influence, often through caretaker committees. This centralisation reduces transparency, encourages resource misallocation, and leads to elite capture, where funds serve political interests rather than local development priorities. The analysis further shows that constitutional ambiguities and weak institutional safeguards exacerbate these problems, leaving local governments unable to fulfil essential mandates in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The study argues that these systemic constraints contradict the principles of fiscal federalism and Local Government Theory, which advocate for subsidiarity and citizen-focused governance. To reverse these trends, it recommends constitutional reform to guarantee direct statutory transfers to local governments, the creation of independent oversight mechanisms, and strengthened democratic safeguards to ensure accountability. By highlighting the disconnect between constitutional intent and practical outcomes, this research underscores the urgent need to realign Nigeria’s fiscal architecture to empower local governments as true drivers of grassroots development and democratic accountability
Implementation of Random Forest Algorithm for Early Detection of Heart Health Using IoT and MAX30102 Sensors
Get PDFHeart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world, including in Indonesia, which ranks second after stroke. Early detection is essential to reduce the risk of serious complications and death from cardiovascular disorders. This study aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based early detection system for heart health that is integrated with MAX30102 sensors and Random Forest algorithms to classify heart rate conditions. Biometric data in the form of heart rate (BPM), blood oxygen level (SpO₂), and activity condition features (rest, light exercise, stress) were collected from 150 respondents. This data collection was validated by comparing the results using ECG devices by medical personnel. Pre-processing is done through data cleansing, category variable encoding, and feature extraction (BPM variability, PPG amplitude). The classification model was developed with the Random Forest 100 decision tree and tested with 5-fold cross validation. The results showed that the system was able to achieve an average accuracy of 93% with a standard deviation of 0.03, as well as an accuracy per fold of 93%, 93%, 97%, 93%, and 87%. The classification results are in line with the ECG data of medical personnel, indicating that this system is reliable enough for the early detection of normal or abnormal heart conditions. The study concluded that the integration of IoT and Random Forest is effective as a real-time, cost-effective, and supporting early detection of heart health, especially in remote areas. Advanced development is suggested to expand activity data and add biometric features to improve classification accuracy
Enhancing Visibility in Low-Illumination Street Images Using HE, AHE, and CLAHE Techniques
Get PDFLow-quality images, such as those resulting from digital capture under low-light conditions, present a significant challenge in the field of digital image processing. This study aims to enhance image visual quality using three contrast enhancement methods: Histogram Equalization (HE), Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE), and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). The dataset consists of 110 grayscale-converted street images captured under various lighting conditions (morning, noon, night, rainy, and clear weather). Evaluation was conducted using objective metrics, including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), execution time, and subjective assessment from 35 respondents. The results show that CLAHE consistently produces the best visual quality, achieving the highest PSNR of 12.93 dB and the lowest MSE of 3310.28 on a 32×32 grid, with an average execution time of 2–25 seconds. In comparison, HE recorded the lowest PSNR of 8.07 dB and the highest MSE of 10119.23, but had the fastest runtime of 0.3–0.4 seconds. AHE had the longest processing time, reaching up to 103 seconds, with inconsistent output quality. Based on user preference, 65% of respondents favored AHE, despite CLAHE being objectively superior. This study confirms CLAHE as the most effective method for enhancing image quality under extreme lighting conditions without sacrificing important visual details