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Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Young People Living in the Regions with Low Fluoride Levels
Get PDFThere were examined 300 first-year/third-year students of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University at the age of 17 to 20 years residing in Ivano-Frankivsk and the regions with low fluoride levels. Clinical examination included their medical history and oral cavity examination using a dental probe and a detection device - the DIAGNOdent. The dependency between the prevalence of tooth decay and the region of residency was found. Initial and superficial dental caries was detected in most students despite the place of residence. Moderate and advanced dental caries predominated in students residing in the regions with low levels of fluoride. Fissure caries was detected most often. The patterns of dental caries prevalence indicate the need for development and implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures to prevent complications
Django and LaTeX: experience in developing the system for the preparation of methodological guidelines for studying the discipline "Human Anatomy"
Get PDFThe article shows the possibilities of integration of Django web framework and typesetting program LaTeX to automate the creation of methodological guidelines for students by the example of the discipline “Human Anatomy”. The developed system demonstrates the possibilities of separating work on the content and reducing the time for adherence to visual style considering the peculiarities of discipline teaching
Histomorphological Effects of Cottonseed Oil on Testes in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFCottonseed oil is an extract from the seeds of cotton plant, that is rich in protein, carbohydrate and fiber.
The objective of the research was to study the effect of cottonseed oil on the histology of the testis.
Materials and methods. Twelve adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250g, were randomly sorted into four groups (I - IV), each containing three animals. Cottonseed oil was administered orally to the experimental animals by means of an orogastric tube. The rats in Group I (the control group) received standard rat pellet and oral normal saline ad libitum only. The animals in Groups II, III, and IV received 0.2 ml, 0.6 ml and 1.0 ml of cotton seed oil per body weight respectively. On the 21st day, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The testes were excised and, then, fixed with appropriate fixatives for routine tissue processing.
Results. The results revealed an increase in the luminal diameter of seminiferous tubules, a decrease in the Leydig cell population, the disorientation of spermatogenic series and their detachment from the germinal epithelium.
Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that oral administration of cottonseed oil to male rats displayed a deleterious effect on their testis by disrupting spermatogenesis and the histological architecture of the testis
Ultrasound Characteristics of the Nutcracker Syndrome
Get PDFThe article presents the results of color Doppler ultrasonography of the left renal vein and gonadal vein with the determination of the peak systolic velocity of blood flow and abnormal blood reflux in patients with left-sided varicocele.
The objective of the research was to compare preoperative ultrasound characteristics of the left renal vein, left gonadal vein, peak systolic velocity of blood flow and the presence of abnormal blood reflux, the formation of ultrasound criteria for the selection of patients for surgical correction of phlebohypertension.
Results. Ultrasound signs of aorta mesenteric compression were absent in 24 (24.5%) patients; the signs of aorta mesenteric compression without critical left renal vein stenosis were observed in 64 (65.3%) patients; critical stenosis of the left renal vein was diagnosed in 10 (10.2 %) patients. The patients with critical stenosis of the left renal vein underwent left renal vein transposition.
Conclusions. Ivanissevich surgery with prognostically low risk of relapse is recommended for the patients with left-sided varicocele without any signs of aorta mesenteric compression. Patients with the signs of aorta mesenteric compression require clear determination of the degree of left renal vein stenosis. We consider the transposition of the left renal vein to be indicated in case of critical stenosis when the correlation of the diameters of the distal and proximal segments of the left renal vein is ≥ 3 and the ratio of peak systolic velocities in the proximal and distal segments is ≥ 6. Thus, the diagnosis of phleborenohypertension in the patients with varicocele by means of color Doppler ultrasonography with the determination of blood flow velocity indicators in the left renal vein circulation and the determination of the critical stenosis of the left renal vein is decisive in choosing the surgical method of treatment. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the cause of varicocele occurrence and choose the optimal method of surgical treatment.
 
Comparison of Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases and Concomitant Phenomenon of Heart Rate Turbulence wih the Indicators of Apparently Healthy Individuals
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to develop new approaches to the prognosis, prevention and treatment of complications in patients at high and very high total cardiovascular risk based on the assessment of the state and effect on heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence.Materials and methods. There were examined 319 patients; they underwent a 24-hour monitoring of their heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence. All the patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 included patients with coronary heart disease (post-infarction cardiosclerosis) without concomitant risk factors such as smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome; Group 2 consisted of patients smoking tobacco for more than 2 years; Group 3 included patients with metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension; the control group.Results. In patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant phenomenon of heart rate turbulence, the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system was significantly higher in the active period of the day, while the passive period of the day was associated with the elevated level of stress. Due to this, among patients of this group, there was a decrease in the tension value of the total body regulation in the passive period of the day, while in healthy individuals, its increase was observed. In patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE charts with the phenomenon of heart rate turbulence, the stress index was significantly higher throughout the day as compared to apparently healthy individuals. In patients at high cardiovascular risk and concomitant phenomenon of heart rate turbulence, the parameters of heart rate turbulence acceleration were significantly higher as compared to those of apparently healthy individuals.Conclusions. In patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE charts with coronary heart disease and concomitant phenomenon of heart rate turbulence, the occurrence of ventricular extrasystole had a vagal nature; they were characterized by a higher level of stress in the passive period of the day as compared to the active one
The influence of basic treatment with tiotropium bromide of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage II on the morpho-functional state of bronchial mucosa and the level of type IV collagen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
No full textThe objective of the research was to evaluate the influence of basic treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium bromide on the processes of morphological rearrangement and local barrier defence mechanisms in the bronchial mucosa.
Stage II chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with the damage to the bronchi with proliferation of the connective tissue in its proper plate, clear identification of the basal membrane alteration, the presence of fibroblasts, the activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and mucous glands, which is accompanied by the significant increase of type ІV collagen levels by 6.19 times (p<0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as compared to the control group indices.
The elimination of stage II chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and the use of tiotropium bromide within a month was accompanied only by partial improvement of morpho-functional state in relation to both cells of bronchial epithelial lining and adjacent connective tissue of mucosal plate. The prolongation of tiotropium bromide administration from 2 to 6 months, provided positive dynamics of structural morphological changes of the bronchial mucosa (the restoration of the ciliary apparatus of epithelial cells, the normalization of the secretory function of goblet cells, the inactivation of fibroblasts, the initial degeneration of myofibroblasts), thus leading to complete absence of morphological signs of edema or epithelial cell dystrophy.
Conclusions. In patients with stage II chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complete absence of morphological signs of edema or dystrophy of epithelial cells, against the background of collagenolysis in the connective tissue of the proper mucous plate of the bronchi and the highest possible decrease in the number of myofibroblasts, with near-complete levels of type IV collagen normalization in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, were identified only within a 6-month treatment with tiotropium bromide
Pseudarthrosis of the Carpal Scaphoid Treated with Non-Vascularized Corticocancellous Bone Graft
Get PDFObjectives: To carry out an epidemiological study and to assess the evolutionary profile of patients with scaphoid non-union treated by anterior non-vascularized corticocancellous bone graft.
Introduction: The non-union is a serious complication of carpal scaphoid fractures. Untreated, it leads to instability and osteoarthritis of the carp. The most used technique is that of Matti-Russe employing a corticocancellous graft.
Materials and methods: We report in this retrospective study the experience of the department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology II, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, in the treatment of non-unions of the carpal scaphoid by anterior non-vascularized corticocancellous graft in nine cases collected between January 2012 and March 2016. We identified six cases of stage IIA and three cases of stage IIB. All our patients were operated by the Matti-Russian technique followed by an immobilization by plaster cast cuff on three months.
Results: All our patients achieved a union within an average of three months. The Mayo Wrist score was excellent in 66.6% of cases. Our results were very satisfying in 90% of cases, satisfying in 10%.
Conclusion: The treatment of non-unions of the carpal scaphoid without necrosis or osteoarthritis, using anterior non-vascularized bone graft remains the most widely used technique. The presence of initial instability is a factor of poor prognosis, its correction reduces the risk of arthritis
Severely Ill Patients: Some Issues of Palliative Care Organization
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the opinion of severely ill patients regarding some aspects of providing palliative care to determine the direction of its improvement.Materials and methods. The sociological survey was performed by interviewing 146 severely ill patients treated in different in-patient health care facilities in Ivano-Frankivsk. The calculation of each factor rates per 100 respondents, the standard error of rates, and Chi-Square Test (χ2) for comparing group differences were used for statistical data analysis.Results. Most respondents (66.4%) have been ill for several years. Throughout the year, every tenth patient (10.6%) was hospitalized more than four times. Only 49.4% of patients were admitted to the hospital with the referral from physicians. Every fifth respondent (20.5%) was delivered to the hospital by an ambulance, others (17.9%) – by self-referral. Fewer than half of respondents confirmed that their opinion was considered when choosing a medical facility (42.0%), physician (41.3%), place for care (31.9%) and methods of treatment (23.9%). The level of deontological and legal needs of incurably ill patients was found to be 2-6 times higher than the degree of their satisfaction.Conclusions. High multiplicity of inpatient cases among palliative patients and the importance of improving the criteria and ways of their hospitalization were determined considering the high proportion of their hospitalization by emergency medical services and self-referral. The necessity of developing the standards of palliative care for patients and their families at the level of primary medical care was shown
Use of Case Problems When Training Family Physicians in Surgical Departments
Get PDFAt all the stages of a young specialist formation, the teaching staff of higher medical schools should work to improve the educational level of the future physician. For this purpose, various methods and forms of medical pedagogical practice are used. Together with the traditional approaches to training a doctor with the involvement of patients, they help educate future professionals. Case problems are one of such modern alternative methods being effective in practical classes of surgical disciplines. The use of case problems when teaching surgery of many pathological conditions to family physicians enables to expand the existing arsenal of teaching methods, contributes to the development of students’ clinical thinking, reorients them to an independent level of specialist training. Such method of conducting practical classes intensifies the educational process and organizes qualitative educational activity of students
Clinical Diagnostics of Patients with Acute Purulent Mediastinitis
Get PDFThe objective of the study. To conduct an analysis of clinical diagnosis, symptoms and purulent mediastinal syndromes in patients with acute purulent mediastinitis (APM).
Materials and methods of research. During 2000-2018 there were 65 patients with APM in the thoracic department of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital.
Research results. Clinical picture of APM consists of symptoms of the main disease and local manifestations of purulent process in the mediastinum: chest pain - in 62 (95.4%) patients, iPNiltrative changes and hyperemia of the thoracic wall were observed in 13 (20%), mediastinal emphysema at 29 ( 44.6%); general symptoms of endogenous intoxication: increased body temperature in 100% of patients, pallor of the skin in 34 (52.3%), cyanotic changes - in 24 (36.9%), shortness of breath - 37 (56.9%), tachycardia in 100% patients; clinical symptoms of damage to other organs of the mediastinum and chest: upper respiratory tract syndrome in 11 (16.9%), dysphagia in 9 (13.8%), hiccup in 2 (3.1%), hoarseness of voice in 6 (9.2%), cough - 23% (35.4%), exudative pleurisies - 6% (78.4%) and purulent pericarditis - in 18 (27.6%) patients.
Conclusions.
Knowledge of the symptoms and syndromes of acute purulent mediastinitis is the basis for timely diagnosis of this disease.
A clear clinical interpretation of the symptoms of acute purulent mediastinitis allows suspect this disease already at the initial stages of providing medical care.
Early diagnosis of acute purulent mediastinitis is one of the decisive factors in the successful treatment of patients