Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences
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An introduction to the methods of inquiry in social sciences
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of this paper is an introduction to methods for conducting inquiries in social sciences. A method of inquiry is an organized and systematic scientific approaches used by scholars for controlled investigations and experiments to efficiently solve theoretical and practical problems, generating discoveries and/or science advances. The paper here presents, briefly, the development of models of inquiry in the philosophy of science. After that, it introduces general methods of inquiry (deduction, induction, abduction and hypothetical-deductive approaches) and specific models of scientific inquiry in social sciences, such as multiple working hypotheses. In general, modern scientific research is multifaceted and requires different approaches for generating new concepts, new hypothesis and theories. Different methods of inquiry directed to solve problems in science can be complementary approaches that foster knowledge creation within and between research fields.Keywords. Methods of inquiry, Philosophy of science, Models of inquiry, Scientific research, Conduct of inquiry.JEL. A20, A29, B40, B49
Politics case study: Even popular politics doesn’t come cheap
Get PDFAbstract. The case study suggests that popular politics in Pakistan should develop a culture where electoral and electorate should focus on policies and not the personalities as is the standard practice parliamentary governance structure as against presidential form of it.Keywords. Electoral Politics.JEL. A10
In between music concerts, jobs and economics: Case of youth empowerment in Pakistan
Get PDFAbstract. The case study discusses the dynamics of youth participation in cultural activities in Pakistan not only as an outcome of entertainment but it is also related to household economics that in return is related with their global and local identity.Keywords. Economics of Culture.JEL. A10
Meaning making of gender in Pakistan with interdisciplinary approach
Get PDFAbstract. The article draws upon the contradiction of meaning making in the West that view girls like Malala who stood for education and freedom as leaders and the meaning making among many in Pakistan who view her as Western tout and not their hero.Keywords. Girls education, Female empowerment, SMEs.JEL. L24, N70, N75
Scientific research and publication ethics: Kocaeli University sample
Get PDFAbstract. Today, as a big problem, it is very important to follow the ethical rules and to increase the awareness in order to prevent ethical violations and to provide ethical education in all levels of education and teaching. The first aim of this study is to create awareness among students who have higher education in the field of ethics and ethical violations. Another aim is to investigate whether there is any difference in attitude between undergraduate students and graduate students about scientific research, scientific publication, scientific ethics and ethical violation. According to the results of research analysis; based on the answers of the students to the scale, H0 hypotheses related to the research variables could not be rejected, and it has been realized that the attitude in the research variables of undergraduate and graduate students are similar.Keywords. Science, Research, Publication, Ethics, Violation.JEL. A14, A20
Public relations perspectives on electoral reforms as a panacea for consolidating Nigeria’s democracy
Get PDFAbstract. Electoral reforms have been considered as sustainable means of improving on the quality of elections in Nigeria, this is especially as it avails the country, tremendous opportunities in admitting new policies such as new techniques, technologies and improved systems of protecting the welfare of electorates. It is evident from the literature that, public relations overtime has been a unifying factor in accelerating Nigeria’s democracy and sustaining its need for periodic elections and encouraging the conduct of free, fair and transparent elections by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). Based on the level of malpractices and issues associated with the conduct of elections in Nigeria, it was concluded in this paper that, there are several benefits attached to the process of electoral reforms in Nigeria, hence, it gives government the opportunity to revamp its electoral policies through campaigns, introduction of new technologies, voting and more importantly, the nature of conducting elections bearing in mind that, poorly adopted electoral policies normally lead to the outbreak of crisis from aggrieved parties. It is recommended amongst others that, government at all levels should consider periodic electoral reforms as a strategy for development and as such; they should ensure that only people with credibility are charged with the mandate of presiding over electoral reform committees (ERC).Keywords. Electoral reforms, Public relations, Democracy and elections.JEL. D72, D73, D78
Motivations of scientific research in society
Get PDFAbstract. Science discovers the root causes of phenomena to explain and predict them in a context of adaptation of life to new economic and social bases, whereas scientific research is a systematic process, applying methods of scientific inquiry, to solve consequential problems, to satisfy human wants, to take advantage of important opportunities and/or to cope with environmental threats. This study shows that scientific research reflects social climate in which it is carried out and it is driven by social and economic interests of nations to achieve power, wealth creation, technological superiority, productivity growth, etc. A main implication of this study is scientific research is performed by nations to take advantage of important opportunities and/or to cope with environmental threats, such as in war. The empirical evidence seems in general to support the sources of scientific research described here. However, these conclusions are of course tentative. There is need for much more detailed theoretical and empirical research into the relations between science, society, economy and historical motivations.Keywords. Science progress, Scientific research, Wealth creation, Historical motivations, Social power, Economic war potential, Scientific superiority, Technological superiority, Basic research, Economics of science, Science & technology, R&D investments, Labor productivity.JEL. N30, O30, O31, I23
Superpowers and conflict development: Is it a possible relation for supporting human progress?
Get PDFAbstract. This conceptual paper analyzes the role of superpowersthat are nationswitha high economic-war potential and the ability and expertise to exert influence on many geoeconomic regions at global level. Superpowers have a vital role in world systems with conflict development and resolution that are directed to achieve/sustain a global leadership to cope with consequential environmental threats and/or to take advantage of important economic opportunities worldwide. This role seems to generate economic, technological and social change and, as a consequence, human development in the long run.Keywords. Great Power, War, Conflict, Resolution, Global Leadership, Empire, Imperialism.JEL. N30, O30, O31, I23
Motivations from Kartarpur Corridor: Importance of secular identity in religious democracies like Pakistan
Get PDFAbstract. The case presents the importance of space for secular voices within a religious democracy like Pakistan where laws present the facilitation of Islamic religion but in larger ambit of secular motivations identified by old British Raj. Based on a multicultural and postmodern motivations that come with globalization and its technology orientation, democracy that is itself a contemporary solution for multi ethnic and multi sectarian co-existence demands that local interpretation of law should then be generalized towards secular stream of application that promotes material and religious empowerment without discrimination. Development of Kartarpur Corridor to facilitate millions from Sikh community who reside outside Pakistan and especially in India to visit their most holy shrines placed in Pakistan is a very valid example where religious identity other than Islam in Muslim majority Pakistan is given due importance so that the borders between the two countries, that spend most of the time being hostile to each other (Mamoon & Murshed, 2010), immaterial to make up global citizenship into a local one.Keywords. Democracy, Secular identity.JEL. A10, A14, B29
Assessing Multi-aspects and Integral Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms
Get PDFAbstract. The issue of assessment sustainability of agricultural farms as a whole and of different type is among the most topical for researchers, farmers, investors, administrators, politicians, interests groups and public at large. Despite that practically there are no assessments on sustainability level of Bulgarian farms in conditions of European Union Common Agricultural Policy implementation. This article applies a holistic framework and assesses sustainability of Bulgarian farms as a whole and of different juridical type, size, production specialization, and ecological and geographical location. Initially the method of the study is outlined, and overall characteristics of surveyed holdings presented. After that an assessment is made of integral, governance, economic, social, environmental sustainability of farms in general and of different type and location. Next, structure of farms with different sustainability levels is analyzed. Finally, factors for improving sustainability of Bulgarian farms are identified, and directions for further research and amelioration of farm management and public intervention in the sector suggested.Our study has found out that overall sustainability of Bulgarian farms is at a good level, with superior levels for environmental and social sustainability, and inferior level for governance and economic sustainability. There are great variations in sustainability levels of farms of different type and location as well as in shares of holdings with unlike level of sustainability. Factors which stimulate to the greatest extent the actions of Bulgarian farms for improving individual aspects of sustainability are Access to Advisory Services, Professional Training of Manager and Hired Labor, Personal Conviction and Satisfaction, Positive Experience of Other Farms, Available Innovations, Financial Capability, Private Contracts and Agreements, and Registration and Certification of Products, Services, etc. National and European mechanisms of regulation and support, which affect to the greatest extent economic sustainability of Bulgarian farms are: Direct Area Based Payments, National Tops Ups for Products, Livestock, etc., Modernization of Agricultural Holdings, Green Payments, Support to Semi-market Farms.Keywords. Farm sustainability, Governance, Ecological aspects, Factors of sustainability, EU CAP impact, Bulgaria.JEL. Q10, Q56, R33