Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences
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Multinational Corporations and Nation-States: Managing Shared- and Conflicts of Interest
Get PDFAbstract. Satisfactory and mutually beneficial relationships between multinational corporations and individual nation-states are sustainable as long as their perceived shared interests exceed any conflicts of interest. However, when events, or actions intentionally taken by either side or dictated by circumstances, alter an acceptable balance between the shared- and conflicts of interest, a good business relationship can deteriorate fast to the detriment of one or both sides. Thus, shared-interests cannot be assumed to continue over the long-range without consistent efforts by both sides to maintain them and, in the meantime, keep conflicts of interest within a tolerable level. This paper explores the factors that contribute to sustaining shared interests and containing conflicts of interest between multinational corporations and nation-states in order to avoid a deteriorations or possible disruption of an otherwise mutually beneficial relationship. Of the questions to be addressed are: what strategies and actions can help in strengthening the shared interests, and what actions and policy changes contribute to an increase in the conflicts of interest between nation-states and multinational corporations?Keywords. Multinational corporations, Joint interests, Conflict of interest, Host countries, Transfer prices, Profit shifting, Transfer-pricing, Earning stripping.JEL. F23, G18, G38
Exploring the Influential Factors of Cluster Cooperation in Taiwan’s Biotechnology Industry
Get PDFAbstract. In recent years, numerous countries around the world have continually devoted substantial efforts to the biotechnology industry. Despite its endeavors over two decades, Taiwan’s biotechnology industry has not yet made any remarkable achievements. In this study, influential factors of cooperation in the biotechnology industry are discussed from the perspectives of cluster cooperation and interaction. Using the analytic hierarchy process and quantitative results obtained from in-depth expert interview questionnaires, the weights of various influential factors are investigated and analyzed, which could provide a reference for future research and resource allocations. The influential factors of cluster cooperation in Taiwan’s biotechnology industry can be categorized into four major factors and sixteen sub-factors. The results indicate that among all of the factors that impact cluster cooperation in the biotechnology industry, “enterprise innovation ability” is the most critical. The innovation capacity of cooperative partners is always considered a priority in cluster cooperation among enterprises, whereas research and development (R&D), personnel quality, and the R&D environment are the most crucial sub-factors within the primary dimension of enterprise innovation ability. This finding is consistent with the fact that a biotechnology product is closely bound to innovative R&D, from its initial development stage to the eventual clinical launch. Factors of secondary importance include business management ability and government resource utilization, which suggests that the principal activities associated with cluster cooperation in the biotechnology industry depend heavily on an enterprise’s business management ability and are inextricably linked to government resource utilization.Keywords. Biotechnology industry, Cluster cooperation, Taiwan, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP).JEL. C22, O40, O43
Teachers’ Classroom management and Quality Assurance of Students’ Learning Outcome in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFAbstract. The study assessed teachers’ classroom management strategies, the level of teachers' classroom instructional tasks and determined the effect on students’ academic performance, and further examined the constraints in classroom management in secondary schools in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey and ex post facto research designs were adopted. Five research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The sample consisted of 854 respondents, made up of 560 students, 280 teachers and 14 principals selected from 14 secondary schools using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using “Teachers’ Classroom Management Strategies Questionnaire” (TCMSQ), and “Students’ Academic Performance Proforma” (SAPP). Data were analyzed, using percentage, mean score and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at alpha level of 0.05. Findings showed significant relationship between teachers’ classroom management and students’ academic performance (r-cal = 0.307, p<0.05), and significant relationship between teachers' instructional tasks and students' academic performance (r-cal=0.689, p<0.05), while teachers were effective in classroom management strategies as reflected in preparation of lesson notes (71.4%), communication skill (63.6%), students’ motivation (62.5%), group interaction (71.4%) and exemplary behaviour (64.3%). The major constraints faced by teachers were excessive workload (56.4%), ill-equipped laboratory (57.9%), ill-equipped library (63.6%), shortage of instructional materials (64.3%), lack of students’ learning materials (64%) and congested class size (75%). Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Government should employ adequate number of qualified teachers to reduce instructional workload to manageable level. Also, Government in collaboration with the Parents - Teachers Association and other Development Partners should provide adequate learning facilities and materials that would improve classroom management and students’ learning outcome in secondary schools.Keywords. Classroom management, Technique, Facilities, Instructional materials, Learning outcome.JEL. H52, H75 I21
Economics and how Obama could have lost the 2016 election too
Get PDFAbstract. During the 2016 U.S. election, many voters from democratic (‘blue wall’)states, which have voted consistently in the past elections for the democrats, suddenly moved back into the Republican fold. During this election, the primary economic issue was supposed to be NAFTA, both Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump claimed it has been responsible for U.S. manufacturing job losses. So, what is the effect of trade on personal income and in particular manufacturing income and employment? Still, manufacturing losses are unlikely to explain democratic losses in rural areas, such as Wisconsin, where farm voters switched parties. What is the relationship between farm income and election result? Finally, are farmers Republican, Democrat or Independent? Or just pragmatic?Keywords. Consumption, Martingale, Savings, Growth, Income, Election, Trade.JEL. E12, E21, J30, F41, B00
Upgrading school efficiencies and learning interests through innovative teaching of digital mobile e-learning
Get PDFAbstract. Assessing the digital mobile e-learning whether to affect school efficiency is an important yet complex issue. Consequently, this study goal of this research is to evaluate the innovative teaching to affect school efficiency (total efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) estimated by the data envelopment analysis (DEA) through using digital mobile e-learning of high school in Taiwan. Additionally, the Tobit regression model (TRM) is employed to discuss whether the other determinants affect using digital mobile e-learning of school efficiency. The findings can briefly be concluded as follows. The empirical results of this research indicate the following results: (1) Importing digital mobile e-learning can really enhance the efficiency of school management. (2) technical Efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) in the TRM analysis, it also indicates that school size, teacher-student ratio, school high-vocational attribute, especially the numbers of technical teachers in teaching or consulting about digital mobile e-learning knowledge and numbers of Tablet PC (the proxy for digital mobile e-learning) an important role in affecting these three efficiency of school management. Besides, the results show of total equipment expenses associated with tablet PC has a small negative influence on school management efficiency. Due to increasing costs for network equipment small effects on teaching and learning among teachers and students. The results of this research can also be the reference for educational authorities when formulating policies and regulations for promoting digital mobile e-learning.Keywords. Technical efficiency, Pure technical efficiency, Scale efficiency, Digital mobile e-Learning, Data envelopment analysis (DEA), Tobit regression model (TRM),Vocational and senior high school.JEL. I21, I25, I28
Differences in wealth, education, and history
Get PDFAbstract. An understanding of the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms) and their economic consequences on early black Americans provides an informative understanding to the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms), and their economic consequences on other, modern ethnic groups. Curtis (2017) investigates the link between the social asymmetry and economic asymmetry among early blacks and whites in the United States of America. For the empirical study, Curtis (2017) uses cross-sectional variables from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS), developed informative conditional ratios, and employed least squares statistical analyses. This study finds that economic differences among ethnic groups, as measured by differences between early blacks and whites, are intertwined with asymmetrical freedoms, leading to statistically insignificant returns to education, as measured by literacy. One might conclude that the individual’s basic protection of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness must proceed any expectations of measured returns to schooling, particularly among individuals in disenfranchised groups. Furthermore, one might propose education policy such that modern higher education investment programs prioritize education entrepreneurs and/or state/social planners with academic research familiarity of differences in wealth.Keywords. Wealth, education.JEL. D31, E21, N30
A scientific evaluation of an organization and its leadership and administrative prastices: Report of management
Get PDFAbstract. This article intends provide an evaluation of an organization based on organizational theories, developed largely by W. Edwards Deming, Jerry B. Harvey, and other theorists. Drawing from these theories, the authors apply different methods to conduct an organizational study, evaluating a mid-size organization located in the United States, and make recommendations for improvement to upper management.Keywords. Organizational study, Abilene paradox, Phrog farms, Feararchy, Deming’s diseases, Leadership.JEL. A10, A13, A14
International Balkan and Near Eastern Social Sciences Congress (IBANESS Edirne)
Get PDFAbstract. International Balkan and Near Eastern Social Sciences Congress Series (IBANESS) Congress series are held in different Balkan countries with hosting Universities in the Balkan countries. The organization committee includes respected scientists from all over the world. The main aim of the congress is to bring together scientists from the Balkan countries in order to disseminate the knowledge and mutual understanding.Keywords. Economics, Business, Social sciences.JEL. A10
The destination branding in tourism and the case of Antalya
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine the level of Turkish tourisms industry in the process of being a brand. For this purpose, Antalya where is one of the most important areas of Turkish tourism has choosen as application area and made survey with 520 tourists to determine Antalya’s level of being a brand. The main reason of this study, the added value of tourism industry is going to increase with the process of being a brand. Therefore, the contribution of tourism industry’s to national economy is going to increase. For this purpose, first, tourism concept has explained and tourism datas have explained within World and Turkish values. Second, brand concept and necessities of being a brand have explained by methods which had explained in first and second chapter. In last chapter, Turkish tourisms level of being a brand has examined by the study of Antalya case. In conclusion, %98,5 of people who visited Antalya think that Antalya is not a brand. %93.7 of them think that Antalya has substructural problems. %67.5 of them think that Antalya has superstructural problems. %81.9 of them think that they will choose Paris, Venice etc, if there would be an equality at prices. The results of the study showed that Antalya has a very low brand value. Therefore, studies related to being a brand in tourism should focus at invisible values more than visible values. Finally, by being a strong brand in tourism will increase tourism incomes and will contribute country’s economy positively.Keywords. World tourism, Turkish tourism, Branding, Branding in tourism.JEL. L83, Z32, D47