Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences
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A study on impacts of institutions on sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture
Get PDFAbstract. The interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework is applied and assessment made on specific effects of major components of the “external” institutional environment on agrarian sustainability level in different administrative, geographical and ecological regions, subsectors of agriculture, and farms of variousjuridical type and size in Bulgaria. Our study has found out that individual elements of external institutional, market and natural environment affect quite unequally farms of different types, individual subsectors of agriculture, and specific ecological and geographical regions.This type of studies is to be expended and their precision and representation increased. The latter however, requires a close cooperation between all interested parties, and participation of the farmers, agrarian organizations, local and central authorities, interest groups, research institutes and experts, etc.Keywords. Institutional, Market, Natural environment, Governance, Agrarian sustainability, Bulgaria.JEL. Q13, Q12, Q18, D23, E61, H23, L14, L22, L33, L51
Metabolism of public organizations: A case study
Get PDFAbstract. This study suggests the concept of Metabolism of organization that explains how public organizations use and/or transform inputs (mainly public funding) to produce and supply products and services. This approach is useful for analyzing costs and supporting best practices of management to increase efficiency of organizations. An application of this approach is showed on one of the largest public research organizations in Europe. Results indicate, from 1997 to 2015 period, that the cost of personnel has a very high growth rate (167.87), total cost of CNR has a high one (127.44), whereas total revenue (state subsidy) has a lower growth rate:118.72. This result suggests an imbalance of growth rates between dynamics of total revenue and vital costs within this PRO, generating economic issues and inefficiencies for this organization in the long run. R&D management implications conclude this study.Keywords. Research organizations, R&D funding, Cost management, Cost analysis, Budget system, Metabolism.JEL. N30, O30, O31, I23
Artifical intelligence technology in cancer imaging: Clinical challenges for detection of lung and breast cancer
Get PDFAbstract. In the domain of Artificial Intelligence, deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks that have been applied to fields including computer vision, medical image analysis, histopathological diagnosis, with results comparable to and in some cases superior to human experts. This study shows that these methods applied to medical imaging can assist pathologists in the detection of cancer subtype, gene mutations and/or metastases for applying appropriate therapies. Results show that trajectories of AI technology applied in cancer imaging seems to be driven by high rates of mortality of some types of cancer in order to improve detection and characterization of cancer to apply efficiently anticancer therapies. This new technology can generate a technological paradigm shift for diagnostic assessment of any cancer type. However, application of these methods to medical imaging requires further assessment and validation to support the efficiency of the workflow of pathologists in clinical practice and improve overall healthcare sector.Keywords. Artificial intelligence, Diagnostic assessment, Histopathology images, Deep learning algorithms, Cancer, Clinical challenges.JEL. O32, O33
Building peace through education: Case of India and Pakistan conflict
Get PDFAbstract. The paper utilises unique conflict data set from literature to capture different aspects of India and Pakistan conflict and analyses the role of education in peace building between the two countries. Education not only directly eases hostilities but it also puts a positive effect on economic growth rates and democratic values in both countries that in return further reduce tensions in dyadic conflict proxies.Keywords. Education, Conflict transformation, Peace, South Asia.JEL. A20, H52, H75
User acceptance of cloud based hospital information system
Get PDFAbstract. In this study, it is aimed to determine the factors that affect system use of the IT specialists. Accordingly, it is aimed to analyze,through web-based survey and Technology Acceptance Model, the factors that influence the cloudbasedsystem usage of the 150 IT specialists, who work for state hospitals, The results related to the structural model developed fromTechnology Acceptance Modelhave been analyzed with AMOS - Analyis of Moment Structures programme and the accordance of the statistical results have been analyzed by using Structural Equation Modelling method on model.According to analysis results, the effects of the factors related to the IT specialists’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on the applicability of this technology with their advantages and disadvantages havealso been discussed, thanks to the data gathered from the users. The Structural model has been confirmed with the statistical results and confirmed hypotheses have been evaluated separately. Suggestions have been offered to the researchers about making prevalent of the cloud based Hospital Information System as a software service, required substructure, its components and applicability. Standards and legal status has also been examined.Keywords. Cloud computing, Technology acceptance model, Cloud basedhospital information system, Structural equation model.JEL. J24, O15, M12, M51, M55
A peace journalism approach to understanding the role of the media in the land disputes in Kenya
Get PDFAbstract. Kenya is generally recognized as one of the most conflict prone countries in Africa, at least amongst those with a stable form of government. Kenya in recent years have been plagued by violence in the form of communal, radical islamists violence, land disputes, ethnic violence, hate speech, amongst others. The government have tried different ways of combating and mitigating this violence that has become a recurring problem in the region, however the disputes and conflicts seems to go on abated. Scholars from all over the world have studied on the role of the media in conflict management and have arrived at different conclusions – some found out that media contributes significantly to violence and can even be the cause of violence while others say the mass media can be a tool to promote peace and peace co-existence. This therefore aims to find out the how the Kenyan press reports conflict. The aim is to find out whether or not they make use of peace journalism approach to reporting on conflict. The findings of this study shows that the Kenyan press is not contributing to peace and is in fact inciting violence judging by the choice of words used in the news stories.Keywords. Kenya, Land conflicts, Journalism, Peace journalism.JEL. D71, D72, D74, F51
Training and development: Its effects on job performance in the selected companies of UAE
Get PDFAbstract. One can think that businesses were running without any training in ancient times. Technically, this is not the case. Whether formal or informal, training has always been there in business to carry on its processes. Gradually, it has acquired the shape that can be said a formal one. Firms have started realizing that training and development is a major source of gaining competitive advantage. Most human resource management researchers are of the view that Training and development has got that important role through which organizations can maximize their performances by maximizing performances of their employees. Training and development programs are always there in some way or shape. It may be general or specific. It may be formal or informal and it may be provided by some neutral source or by employers. There is a list of training methods which are in practice in corporate world. For the sake of simplicity, some of them were taken in this study –namely- on-the-job training; mentorship and coaching; vestibule training; instructor-led classroom training; case studies and systematic job rotations and transfers. Another aspect of this study is employee performance. Firm’s performance depends on its employees’ performance. Employee performance has many facets. It may be financial and non financial. It may be quantifiable and qualitative. Furthermore, employee performance contains a number of components in it. In this study, three qualitative components are considered -employee job commitment; employee work knowledge and employee job satisfaction- thinking that these are the main sources of employee performance enhancement.Keywords. Training and development, On-the-job training, Mentorship, Simulator training, Instructor-led classroom training, Case studies, Systematic job rotations and transfers, Employee performance, Job commitment, Job satisfaction, Work knowledge, UAE.JEL. M53, J28
Types of government and innovative performance of countries
Get PDFAbstract. The present study endeavours to explain the differences of technological performances among nations. In particular, the paper analyses the relation between type of government of nations, and their technological and socioeconomic performances. Results suggest that high levels of technological performance of nations seem to be associated with executive with parliamentary monarchy and monarchy, whereas nations with mixed executive tend to have lower innovative outputs. A possible reason is that, in general, some typologies of executive (e.g., Monarchy) support the political stability of countries with fruitful socioeconomic developmental paths over the long run. Overall, then, the structure of executives of nations may be one of contributing factors to explain dissimilar patterns of technological performances and economic growth of nations over time and space.Keywords. Technological performance, Innovative outputs, Leadership, Executive, Government, Technology, Socioeconomic performance, Political stability.JEL. O11, P16, P51