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A new drop weight tensile testing system for soft matter at intermediate strain rates
No full textThis paper presents a novel and versatile tensile testing system based on the drop weight technique, specifically designed for materials that can undergo significant tensile deformation, such as elastomers. The core apparatus comprises of a hanging slender bar, from which a steel sleeve (referred to as the striker) is released under controlled conditions. Accelerated in free fall, the striker impacts a stationary plate, initially held in place by a mechanical detent. The specimen, secured by a gripping system between the hanging bar and the stationary support, undergoes controlled stretching at a nearly constant velocity upon the release of the detent triggered by the striker’s impact. Full-field strain measurement is obtained using a high-speed camera in conjunction with digital image correlation. Additionally, strategically located piezoresistive force sensors enable real-time force measurements. By achieving strain rates ranging from 100 s−1 to 500 s−1, this system addresses a notable gap in the literature concerning intermediate strain rate testing for soft materials.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation, United States (DMS:2009289) and the Army Research Office, United States (W911NF22-2-0120). J.C. Nieto-Fuentes acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme , under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538
Restorative justice and the criminal justice system: (some)shared goals and complementary outcomes
Get PDF[ES] Este artículo pretende ofrecer una aproximación teórico-práctica a la justicia restaurativa a quienes se acercan a la materia desde disciplinas no jurídicas. Tras una propuesta de definición, y desde un modelo que asume la hipótesis relacional de la complementariedad, la presente investigación reflexiona sobre el potencial de las prácticas restaurativas en términos de reparación integral a la víctima y, muy especialmente, en términos de reeducación y reinserción del infractor. Seguidamente, el trabajo repasa la regulación de la justicia restaurativa y la mediación penal en España, ofreciendo una visión completa de los diferentes arquetipos de relación entre la justicia penal tradicional y el modelo restaurativo. Finalmente, y desde una perspectiva práctica, el artículo señala diferentes vías procesales para la integración del resultado restaurativo en el proceso penal.[EN] The purpose of this article is to offer a theoretical and practical approach to restorative justice to those who approach the subject from a non-legal discipline. After presenting a definition and starting from a model based on the relational hypothesis of complementarity, this research reflects on the potential of restorative practices in terms of integral reparation to the victim and, above all, in terms of re-education and reintegration of the offender. Next, the paper reviews the regulation of restorative justice and criminal mediation in Spain, offering a complete vision of the different archetypes of relationship between traditional criminal justice and the restorative model. Finally, and from a practical perspective, the article points out different procedural ways to integrate the restorative outcome in the criminal process
The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the audiovisual post-production workflow. The case of La Mesías (MOVISTAR PLUS+, 2023)
No full textLas tecnologías de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) han avanzado de manera exponencial en los últimos años, especialmente aquellas vinculadas al aprendizaje automático, como las redes neuronales convolucionales (CNN) y las redes generativas adversariales (GAN). Su implementación en las industrias creativas ha evolucionado rápidamente, pasando del análisis de información y compresión de datos al desarrollo de herramientas de IA Generativa (Gen AI) para la creación audiovisual. Este estudio descriptivo-exploratorio analiza su aplicación en los procesos de postproducción audiovisual de La Mesías (Movistar Plus+, 2023), pionera en el contexto industrial español. Se exploran, asimismo, las características del estilo visual resultante de su implementación. El diseño metodológico combina los enfoques teóricos de los Media Industry Studies y la sociología organizacional, empleando revisión hemerográfica, entrevista en profundidad y un análisis técnico de las secuencias afectadas. Se han identificado las fases del flujo de trabajo donde se ha empleado IA Generativa y se clasifican según las categorías propuestas por Anantrasirichai y Bull (2022): creación de contenido, análisis de información, mejora de contenido y flujos de trabajo, y extracción de información. Los resultados destacan que la IA Generativa afecta especialmente a los efectos visuales y la composición 2D/3D, generando un estilo de realismo mejorado con atmósferas oníricas.The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed a remarkable surge in advancement, particularly in the realm of machine learning, where notable developments have been observed in the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and generative adversarial networks (GAN). The implementation of these technologies in the creative industries has undergone a rapid evolution, progressing from information analysis and data compression to the development of Generative AI (Gen AI) tools for the creation of audiovisual content. This descriptive-exploratory study analyses the application of Gen AI in the audiovisual post-production processes of La Mesías (Movistar Plus+, 2023), which has pioneered the use of AI in the Spanish industrial context. In addition, it explores the characteristics of the visual style resulting from its implementation. The methodological design combines the approaches of Media Industry Studies and organisational sociology, utilising a combination of hemerographic reviews, an in-depth interview and a technical analysis of the affected sequences. The workflow phases in which Gen AI was employed have been identified and classified according to the categories proposed by Anantrasirichai and Bull (2022): content creation, information analysis, content and workflow improvement, and information extraction. The results demonstrate that Gen AI has a significant impact on visual effects and 2D/3D compositing, resulting in a style of enhanced realism with dreamlike atmospheres
Challenges to the discourse on human rights after 50 issues of Derechos y Libertades
No full text[ES] La autora se pregunta por la medida en que los problemas que se identificaban como actuales en el primer número de Derechos y Libertades se mantienen como desafíos al discurso de los derechos humanos. La conclusión a la que llega es que todavía hoy es necesario discutir sobre la universalidad, la participación, las desigualdades, la degradación de los derechos sociales, el papel de los derechos en las relaciones internacionales y el medio ambiente. Además, a los anteriores, se suman la amenaza del terrorismo y la respuesta a esta amenaza, así como el auge de los populismos de extrema derecha, y el impacto de la revolución tecnológica. En la actualidad, un contexto marcado por el Antropoceno, el cambio climático y el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías convierte en perentorio el discurso de los derechos y, sobre todo, la extensión de este más allá de los entornos académicos a través de la educación en derechos.The author questions the extent to which the problems that were identified as current in the first issue of Derechos y Libertades remain challenges to the human rights discourse. The conclusion she reaches is that even today it is necessary to discuss universality, participation, inequalities, the degradation of social rights, the role of rights in international relations and the environment. In addition, to the above problems are added the threat of terrorism and the response to this threat, as well as the rise of right-wind populism, and the impact of the technological revolution. Currently, a context marked by the Anthropocene, climate change and the impact of new technologies makes the discourse of rights and, above all, the extension of this beyond academic environments through education in rights, peremptory
La EPA se va de vacaciones: el tiempo de trabajo tras la ruptura metodológica de 2021
No full textEl tiempo de trabajo efectivo, según la EPA, ha descendido de forma notable tras la pandemia. Este estudio focaliza la atención en el cambio metodológico introducido en esta encuesta a partir de 2021 y que afecta a la medida del tiempo no trabajado. En la nueva EPA se pregunta directamente por el tiempo no trabajado debido a las vacaciones o enfermedad y, por extensión, genera una caída de la jornada efectiva de trabajo. La comparación de la nueva EPA con la ETCL revela que los niveles de horas no trabajadas por vacaciones y enfermedad ahora resultan más plausibles. Esta conclusión se refuerza al observar que, hasta 2020, la jornada efectiva anual de los asalariados a tiempo completo siempre superaba el máximo legal, un escenario difícil de creer.According to the LFS, effective working time in Spain has significantly decreased following the pandemic. This study focuses on the methodological change implemented in the LFS in 2021, which affects the measurement of unworked time. The new LFS records more accurately unworked time due to vacations or illness, leading to a decrease in the effective working hours. Comparing the new series with the ETCL reveals that the levels of unworked time due to vacations and illness now appear more plausible. This conclusion is reinforced by the observation that, until 2020, the effective annual working hours of full-time employees always exceeded the legal maximum, a scenario that is difficult to believe
Novel methods in topology optimisation for additive/subtractive manufacturing in the digital environment. Application to motorbike design
Get PDFMención Internacional en el título de doctor.This PhD thesis addresses the challenges and opportunities of adapting topology optimisation methodologies to modern manufacturing constraints, with a focus on applications in high-performance racing motorcycle components. In an era characterised by the rapid evolution of simulation, computation, and manufacturing technologies, the Fourth Industrial Revolution reshapes the way products are designed, optimised, and produced. TO, a technique initially developed to enhance material efficiency, has gained renewed prominence due to advances in computational power and new manufacturing methods, notably additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing.
Given the demands in aerospace, automotive, and high-performance motorcycle design, where stiffness and weight optimisation are critical, the ability of TO to create highly efficient, lightweight structures is invaluable. However, despite its promise, TO remains a complex and highly specialised area. The goal of this research is to develop accessible and adaptable TO methodologies that bridge the gap between complex optimisation theory and practical, application-ready design strategies. This work focuses on creating TO techniques that integrate constraints from both AM and SM processes, enhancing their relevance for designers who may not be TO experts.
This study is organised around three primary research objectives: to develop methodologies for (1) in-plane topology optimisation suited to AM constraints, (2) TO methods that account for build direction and orientation in AM, and (3) TO approaches that meet the requirements of SM processes, such as tool accessibility and machinability. The methodologies developed in this research aim to create high plug-and-playability with user-friendly approaches, extending TO's usability beyond the laboratory and into real-world design applications.
This research provides a foundational advancement in the field of TO for high-performance engineering applications, particularly in industries where precision and efficiency are paramount. By incorporating both additive and subtractive manufacturing constraints, these methodologies support sustainable design while enhancing material efficiency and mechanical performance.Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Mecánica y de Organización Industrial por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Juan Carlos García Prada.- Secretaria: María Jesús Gómez García.- Vocal: Eduardo Felipe Fernández Sánche
La V República Francesa a la luz del constitucionalismo democrático
Get PDFCon frecuencia se da por descontado que la Constitución de la V República francesa pertenece al tipo histórico del constitucionalismo democrático, ese que surgió en la Europa occidental tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y que tuvo su precedente más conspicuo en la Constitución de Weimar. Sin embargo, si se reflexiona atentamente sobre la experiencia constitucional de la V República, se ponen de manifiesto una serie de singularidades que parecen hacerla difícilmente encuadrable dentro del mencionado tipo histórico. Con el ánimo de profundizar sobre esta cuestión, en esta monografía se hace un análisis teórico sobre los elementos definitorios del constitucionalismo democrático, para posteriormente contrastarlos con la experiencia constitucional de la V República, sometiendo a análisis tanto los pilares esenciales de su orden constitucional como el contexto histórico en el que es fundada.The Constitution of the V Republic of France is often categorized within the tradition of democratic constitutionalism that emerged in Western Europe after World War II, rooted in the legacy of the Weimar Constitution. However, upon closer examination, the V Republic displays distinct features that challenge its classification within this historical framework. This paper seeks to explore these differences by first defining the key elements of democratic constitutionalism and then contrasting them with the constitutional experience of the V Republic. Through an analysis of both the core aspects of its constitutional structure and its historical context, the study aims to assess the extent to which the V Republic diverges from this tradition
Influence of coupling symmetries and noise on the critical dynamics of synchronizing oscillator lattices
No full textRecent work has shown that the synchronization process in lattices of self-sustained (phase and limit-cycle) oscillators displays universal scale-invariant behavior previously studied in the physics of surface kinetic roughening. The type of dynamic scaling ansatz which is verified depends on the randomness that occurs in the system, whether it is columnar disorder (quenched noise given by the random assignment of natural frequencies), leading to anomalous scaling, or else time-dependent noise, inducing the more standard Family-Vicsek dynamic scaling ansatz, as in equilibrium critical dynamics. The specific universality class also depends on the coupling function: for a sine function (as in the celebrated Kuramoto model) the critical behavior is that of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation for the corresponding type of randomness, with Gaussian fluctuations around the average growth. In all the other cases investigated, Tracy–Widom fluctuations ensue, associated with the celebrated Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation for rough interfaces. Two questions remain to be addressed in order to complete the picture, however: (1) Is the atypical scaling displayed by the sine coupling preserved if other coupling functions satisfying the same (odd) symmetry are employed (as suggested by continuum approximations and symmetry arguments)? and (2) how does the competition between both types of randomness (which are expected to coexist in experimental settings) affect the nonequilibrium behavior? We address the latter question by numerically characterizing the crossover between thermal-noise and columnar-disorder criticality, and the former by providing evidence confirming that it is the symmetry of the coupling function that sets apart the sine coupling, among other odd-symmetric couplings, due to the absence of Kardar–Parisi–Zhang fluctuations.This work has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (AEI, Spain, 10.13039/501100011033), and by European Regional Development Fund, (ERDF, A way of making Europe) through Grants No. PID2021-123969NB-I00 and No. PID2021-128970OA-I00
Declaración institucional sobre la Integridad Pública, la prevención y la lucha contra el fraude, la corrupción y los conflictos de interés, aprobado por el Consejo de Gobierno en sesión de 3 de junio de 2025.
Get PDFFault-Tolerant Robust Output-Feedback Control of a Vehicle Platoon Considering Measurement Noise and Road Disturbances
Get PDFAs electric vehicle (EV) technology advances, platooning has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance energy efficiency and traffic flow. However, the effective deployment of EV platoons is challenged by the heterogeneous nature of vehicles, measurement noise in sensing systems, and the possibility of faults in the actuation. This study proposes a fault-tolerant control framework for heterogeneous EV platoons, ensuring robustness against measurement noise. The framework integrates fault estimation mechanisms with robust control strategies to mitigate the impact of faults and disturbances, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of platoon operations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in maintaining platoon cohesion and stability under diverse operating conditions, including scenarios with varying levels of measurement noise and fault occurrences through extensive simulations and experiments. The findings highlight the capability of our fault-tolerant control framework to promote the extensive implementation of EV platooning technology, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and traffic management in future transportation systems.Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (AgreementCRUE-Madroño 2024). This work has been funded partially by Grant PID2022-136468OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, through UC3M’S grants for young doctors