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Computationally Efficient and Loss-Minimizing Model Predictive Control for Induction Motors in Electric Vehicle Applications
No full textThis paper introduces a loss-minimizing Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for induction motors in electric vehicle applications designed to track a specified speed reference. The proposed control incorporates three key features that enhance efficiency and minimize losses. Firstly, an inverter selection vector strategy minimizes electromagnetic torque ripple, additional inverter switching frequency, and computational cost. Secondly, every element in the proposed control is based on the induction motor model, including consideration for iron losses. Thirdly, the MPC stator flux reference is optimized for total electric loss minimization, given any electromagnetic torque and mechanical speed reference, with no additional computational cost. The loss-minimizing function is derived from the induction motor model and accounts for all motor losses, including iron losses. Its straightforward implementation and pre-computed algebraic form ensure easy integration into various systems while reducing real-time computational overhead. The proposed control is tested and compared to a classical MPC through dynamic case studies, demonstrating satisfactory results in reducing total electric losses and electromagnetic torque ripple. During testing for electric vehicle applications within relevant standardized urban driving cycles, the proposed control showcases excellent energy efficiency results, reducing total electric losses by 49% compared with classical MPC.This work is part of the project PID2022-141520OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
The tortious use of mechanisms for the prevention, reporting and reparation of workplace harassment detected by our most recent judicial doctrine
No full text[EN] The current promotion of reporting channels in companies, as well as the greater protection granted to complainants of workplace harassment, have allowed an increase in their use and the corresponding increase in cases of false reports. Although they are exceptional, it is not new that the subjects involved make tortious use of the Law or its mechanisms, either to favor spurious interests or to escape compliance or the consequences of certain obligations. In this work, these behaviors are discussed and analyzed in relation to the most recent judicial doctrine in cases related to the prevention, reporting and reparation of workplace harassment within the company.[ES] La promoción actual de los canales de denuncia en las empresas, así como la mayor protección otorgada a los denunciantes de acoso laboral, han permitido un aumento en el uso de estos recursos y el correlativo incremento de casos de denuncias falsas. Aunque son algo excepcional, no es novedad que los sujetos implicados hagan un uso torticero del Derecho o de sus mecanismos, bien para favorecer intereses espurios, bien para librarse del cumplimiento o las consecuencias que suponen determinadas obligaciones. En este trabajo se comentan y analizan estas conductas a propósito de la doctrina judicial más reciente en casos referidos a la prevención, denuncia y reparación del acoso laboral en el seno de la empresa
Complexity72h: training the next generation of researchers in complex systems
Get PDFWe are grateful to the institutions that hosted Complexity72h: IMT Lucca (www.imtlucca.it), University of the Balearic Islands (www.uib.eu), IFISC (ifisc.uib-csic.es), Carlos III University of Madrid (www.uc3m.es). We are grateful to the Complex Systems Society (cssociety.org) for funding student waivers at every edition. We also acknowledge the support of Comsotec (www.comsotec.org), Cuebiq (cuebiq.com), Fundación Sicomoro (fundacionsicomoro.org), ISI Foundation (www.fondazioneisi.org), OpenMaker (openmaker.eu), SoBigData (www. sobigdata.eu). Finally, we wish to thank the people who helped us to organize the past editions: Guido Caldarelli, Pere Colet, Iacopo Iacopini, Miguel A. González Casado, Francesca Lipari, Rossana Mastrandrea, Giulia Pullano, Jose J. Ramasco, Tiziano Squartini, Sofia Teixeira, Maddalena Torricelli
Price Discovery in Cryptocurrency Markets
Get PDFThis document analyzes price discovery in cryptocurrency markets by comparing centralized and decentralized exchanges, as well as spot and futures markets. The study focuses first on Ethereum (ETH) and then applies a similar approach to Bitcoin (BTC). Chapter 1 outlines the theoretical framework, emphasizing the structural differences between centralized exchanges and decentralized finance mechanisms, especially Automated Market Makers (AMMs). It also explains how to construct an order book from a liquidity pool in a decentralized setting for comparison with centralized exchanges. Chapter 2 describes the methodological tools used: Hasbrouck's Information Share, Gonzalo and Granger's Permanent-Transitory decomposition, and the Hayashi-Yoshida estimator. These are applied to explore lead-lag dynamics, cointegration, and price discovery across market types. Chapter 3 presents the empirical analysis. For ETH, it compares price dynamics on Binance and Uniswap v2 over a one-year period, focusing on five key events in 2024. For BTC, it analyzes the relationship between spot and futures prices on the CME. The study estimates lead-lag effects and cointegration in both cases. Results show that centralized markets typically lead in ETH price discovery. In futures markets, while they tend to lead overall, high-volatility periods produce mixed outcomes. The findings have key implications for traders and institutions regarding liquidity, arbitrage, and market efficiency. Various metrics are used to benchmark the performance of modified AMMs and to understand the interaction between decentralized and centralized structures.This research is part of the project I+D+i TED2021-131844B-I00, funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR
An efficient offline sensor placement method for flow estimation
Get PDFWe present an efficient method to optimize sensor placement for flow estimation using sensors with time-delay embedding in advection-dominated flows. Our solution allows identifying promising candidates for sensor positions using solely preliminary flow field measurements with non-time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), without introducing physical probes in the flow. Data-driven estimation in advection-dominated flows often exploits time-delay embedding to enrich the sensor information for the reconstruction, i.e. it uses the information embedded in probe time series to provide a more accurate estimation. Optimizing the probe position is the key to improving the accuracy of such estimation. Unfortunately, the cost of performing an online combinatorial search to identify the optimal sensor placement in experiments is often prohibitive. We leverage the principle that, in advection-dominated flows, rows of vectors from PIV fields embed similar information to that of probe time series located at the downstream end of the domain. We propose thus to optimize the sensor placement using the row data from non-time-resolved PIV measurements as a surrogate of the data a real probe would actually capture in time. This optimization is run offline and requires only one preliminary experiment with standard PIV. Once the optimal positions are identified, the probes can be installed and operated simultaneously with the PIV to perform the time-resolved field estimation. We show that the proposed method outperforms equidistant positioning or greedy optimization techniques available in the literature.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 949085, NEXTFLOW ERC StG). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them
"La pataleta de las 15": Las redes sociales y el fútbol femenino a través del documental #SeAcabó: Diario de las campeonas
No full textThe non-consensual kiss between the former president of the RFEF, Luis Rubiales, and the footballer Jennifer Hermoso during the World Cup'23 triggered the #SeAcabó movement on social networks, thereby bringing to light the influence peddling and sexist practices hidden behind women's sport. The impact of these events was subsequently covered by both national and international media. From the perspective of cultural and gender studies, this article analyses the documentary #SeAcabó: Diario de las campeonas (Joanna Pardos, 2024) to study the obstacles and prejudices faced by women in the world of football during their professionalisation.El beso no consentido entre el expresidente de la RFEF, Luis Rubiales, y la futbolista Jennifer Hermoso durante la Copa Mundial'23 activó el movimiento #SeAcabó en las redes sociales. Esto acabó destapando el tráfico de influencias y prácticas sexistas que se esconden tras el deporte femenino y cuyo impacto fue recogido por los medios de comunicación nacionales e internacionales. Desde los estudios culturales y de género, este artículo analiza el documental #SeAcabó: Diario de las campeonas (Joanna Pardos, 2024) para estudiar los obstáculos y prejuicios a los que se enfrentan las mujeres en el mundo del fútbol en su profesionalización
The Diverse Impact of Self-Quantification: How Narcissism Prevents Self-Indulgence
No full textSelf-quantification research tends to center on the beneficial impact of such tracking on the focal, quantified behavior (e.g., step counters increasing the number of steps walked). The current research provides novel insights into the effect of self-quantification on indulgence in seemingly unrelated, unquantified consumer domains (e.g., the impact of step counters on unhealthy snacking). Five studies, including a five-day field study, establish that self-quantification increases self-indulgence for consumers low in narcissism, whereas it decreases self-indulgence for consumers high in narcissism. This effect holds for narcissism at both the trait and state level. These findings extend research on the (less desired) consequences of self-quantification, and suggest promising interventions to avoid the elevated levels of self-indulgence generally associated with narcissism.We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (PID2021-123450OB-I00), EU NextGeneration (TED2021129861B-I00; INCIBE-Cyberthreat C115/23), and the Ramón Areces Foundation (CISP20S12340). In addition, funding for APC was obtained from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Agreement CRUE-Madroño 2025)
Hacia una comprensión sociológica de los instrumentos de financiación: una evaluación del instrumento de financiación por proyectos del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico de España (2004- 2022)
No full textMención Internacional en el título de doctorThe effective distribution of research funding is a central focus of science policy studies and a major concern for governments. This is achieved through a set of different policy instruments, each designed with distinct aims, rationales, and modalities. In recent decades, there has been a notable increase in the implementation of project-based funding instruments at the expense of institutional funding for research-performing institutions. Thus, the literature has sought to enhance the understanding of these arrangements, their suitability to allocate limited resources and their potential effects on the promotion and organization of the sciences. Despite the growing interest in this domain, limited research has been conducted on how project-based funding instruments have evolved and adapted to the changing paradigms of the research policy environment. To address this gap, this research aims to study the evolution of the main project-based funding instrument implemented under the Spanish National Plan for R&D between 2004 and 2022, a call that has historically been aimed at funding research groups. The study approaches the funding instrument from a sociological perspective, placing particular emphasis on its internal governance, the relationships it fosters with the targeted actors and the context in which it is embedded. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach is employed, combining interviews with chairs overseeing evaluation processes and descriptive data analysis of the call's outcomes. The empirical findings reveal a general shift from an historical rationale centered on resource distribution equity towards one driven by excellence enhanced by the coordinating actors of the call, thereby increasing the competitiveness of the instrument. Some challenges faced by the funding instrument are a decline in collaboration among researchers marked by the fragmentation of research groups, due to the high symbolic value of projects for career promotion, as well as an overall reduction in the number of coordinated projects between groups expected to join complementary proposals. The study also shows how these results vary significantly depending on the scientific field and on the budgetary context. In conclusion, the study contributes to highlighting the importance of reconsidering funding instruments as neutral tools and to consider them as socio-technical devices with high interpretative flexibility, whose meanings change depending on the context and the relationships of the actors involved. Furthermore, the study aims to generate knowledge that informs policymakers and drives improvements in the design and implementation of the policy instrument.La distribución de la financiación en I+D+i es un aspecto central en los estudios de política científica y una preocupación clave para los gobiernos. Este proceso se articula mediante un conjunto de instrumentos de financiación, cada uno diseñado con objetivos, lógicas y modalidades específicas. En las últimas décadas, ha habido un notable incremento en la implementación de instrumentos de financiación basados en proyectos en detrimento de la financiación estructural de las instituciones de investigación. En este contexto, la literatura ha buscado profundizar en la comprensión de estos mecanismos, su idoneidad para asignar recursos limitados y sus posibles efectos en la promoción y organización de la ciencia. A pesar del creciente interés, sigue habiendo poca investigación sobre cómo estos instrumentos han evolucionado y se han adaptado a los cambios en los paradigmas de la política científica. Para profundizar en estos aspectos, esta investigación estudia la evolución del principal instrumento de financiación basado en proyectos implementado en el marco del Plan Nacional de I+D+i español entre 2004 y 2022, una convocatoria históricamente orientada a financiar grupos de investigación. El estudio adopta una perspectiva sociológica, poniendo un énfasis particular en su gobernanza interna, las relaciones que fomenta con los actores implicados y el contexto en el que se inscribe. Para ello, se emplea una metodología mixta que combina entrevistas con presidentes de comisiones de evaluación y un análisis descriptivo de los resultados de la convocatoria. Los resultados empíricos muestran un cambio general desde una lógica histórica centrada en la equidad en la distribución de recursos hacia una lógica orientada a la excelencia, promovida por los actores que coordinan la convocatoria, lo que ha incrementado la competitividad del instrumento. Entre los desafíos que enfrenta, se encuentra una disminución en la colaboración entre investigadores, marcada por la fragmentación de los grupos de investigación debido al alto valor simbólico de los proyectos para la promoción profesional, así como una reducción en el número de proyectos coordinados entre grupos que tradicionalmente presentaban propuestas complementarias. Estos efectos varían significativamente según el campo científico y el contexto presupuestario. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye a resaltar la importancia de reconsiderar los instrumentos de financiación no como herramientas neutrales, sino como dispositivos socio-técnicos con una alta flexibilidad interpretativa, cuyos significados varían en función del contexto y las relaciones entre los actores involucrados. Además, busca generar conocimiento que ayude a informar a los responsables de políticas y a mejorar el diseño e implementación de estos instrumentos de financiaciónPrograma de Doctorado en Documentación: Archivos y Bibliotecas en el Entorno Digital por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Gunnar Sivertsen.- Secretaria: Nuria Bautista Puig.- Vocal: Pablo D'Est
Guía para la evaluación económica de medicamentos: propuesta del Comité Asesor para la Financiación de la Prestación Farmacéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud español
No full text[EN] In 2023, the General Directorate of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health commissioned the Advisory Committee on the Financing of Pharmaceuticals for the National Health System (CAPF, Comité Asesor para la Financiación de la Prestación Farmacéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud) to produce a guideline for the evaluation of the efficiency of medicines. The aim of this methodological note is to present their main points. The guideline includes 17 dimensions that an economic evaluation of medicines must encompass, the design of a reference case, and a checklist for evaluating the methodological quality and reporting. This guideline should serve as a foundational document for reforming the health technologies evaluation processes of the Ministry of Health. The guideline can also assist researchers, public health professionals, health technology companies and decision makers in assessing the validity of findings and conclusions from health economic evaluations.[ES] En el año 2023, la Dirección General de Farmacia del Ministerio de Sanidad encargó al Comité Asesor para la Financiación de la Prestación Farmacéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CAPF) la realización de una guía para facilitar la evaluación de la eficiencia de los medicamentos. El objetivo de esta nota metodológica es presentar los principales puntos que desarrolla. La guía incluye 17 dimensiones que debe incluir una evaluación económica de medicamentos, diseñando un caso de referencia y definiendo una lista de comprobación para evaluar la calidad metodológica y su presentación. Esta guía debe servir como documento básico para el Ministerio de Sanidad en la reforma de los procesos de evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias. La guía también puede ayudar a investigadores, profesionales de la salud pública, empresas de tecnología sanitaria y personas encargadas de tomar decisiones, a evaluar la validez de los hallazgos y de las conclusiones de las evaluaciones económicas en salud
Basic analysis of contribution from Inverter-Interfaced Generation to short circuits in the synchronous grid
Get PDFProceedings of 2024 IEEE URUCON, 18-20 Nov. 2024, Montevideo, UruguayThis article shows a basic analysis of contribution from Inverter-Interfaced Generation (IIG) to short circuits in the Synchronous Grid (SG). A brief description of IIG control is shown, prior to present some relatively realistic waveshapes of IIG voltages and currents during asymmetric faults in the SG. These waveshapes, taken from the literature, are analyzed in detail and taken as reference. Although one conclusion is that they cannot be obtained from the published descriptions of IIG controls, some simulations were performed. In case of double line-to-ground faults, the results from simulations can be similar, in some extent, to the reference waveshapes because the zero-sequence currents are strongly predominant and they only depend on grounding paths. That is, any value of positive- and negative-sequence currents from the IIG could seem to be relatively good if they are insignificant regarding the zero-sequence current. However, there is no zero-sequence current in case of line-to-line faults, and the IIG currents decrease in the waveshapes taken as reference; this result cannot be obtained from simulations, using the published descriptions of IIG controls, and this fact clearly implies incompatibility between both results. The shown results are useful to highlight the need of having better descriptions of IIG controls since the available ones are not useful to obtain a realistic IIG behavior.This work was supported in part by the National Research Agency of Spain (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, in Spanish) under the Grant TED2021-130468B-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”