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Incumbents' adaptation in institutionally induced transitions: entry timing, institutional experience and performance
Get PDFThis paper focuses on local rivalry and investigates the different adaptation strategies of incumbents to technological change. It explores the relevance of entry timing advantages in institutionally induced transitions by paying special attention to the role of institutional experience. Drawing data from the Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix Database, we empirically test our hypotheses in the context of the European telecommunications industry and the transition from 2G to 3G. Our findings show that, (i) entry timing advantages are relevant in these contexts but are more beneficial for non-leader companies and that (ii) institutional experience accentuates the value of the wait strategy for leader companies.This work was supported by the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) with the project Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M20) in the context of the V PRICIT; the project TED2021-130042B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR; the PID2021-126617NB-I00 by the State Research Agency (AEI) and the project PID2019-106874GB-I00/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, funded by the Government Research Agency of Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-126617NB-I00), funded by the Agencia Estatal deInvestigación (AEI), and from the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M12)and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)
El deporte como herramienta para construir una nación política. Modelos comparados. El caso español
Get PDFPrograma de Doctorado en Humanidades por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidenta: Montserrat Huguet Santos.- Secretario: Juan Antonio Simón Sanjurjo.- Vocal: Francisco Cabezuelo Lorenz
Workers' task and employer mobility over the business cycle
No full textWe investigate cyclical changes in workers’ task portfolios, highlighting their direction, magnitude, and distribution. Task changes are not only very common but provide information about the skills required across jobs. During recessions, a larger share of employer switches do not involve task changes. When changes occur, they tend to be more substantial. The cyclicality of task changes among employer-to-employer movers contrasts sharply with that of hires from unemployment. We link our findings to the “sullying” and “cleansing” effects of recessions, uncovering a novel cleansing effect associated with employer-to-employer transitions and a sullying effect tied to employer changes through unemployment.We thank many colleagues for their input into this project, as well as audiences at the RCEF conference (2016), CEA meetings (2017), the AAAE meetings, Bank of Canada (2018), SOLE Meetings, ESPE Meetings (2019), Univ. Guelph (2019), the ASSA meetings (2020), ESEM (2021), the Society for Economic Dynamics Meetings (2022) and EALE (2024). This project was started while Summerfield was at the University of Aberdeen and Visschers at the University of Edinburgh. FS acknowledges funding from the St. Francis Xavier University Council for Research. CC-T and LV acknowledge ESRC support, (ref. ES/V016970/1). LV further acknowledges funding from the UK ESRC MacCaLM Project (ref. ES/L009633/1), from Fundación BBVA; and grants CEX2021-001181-M and ATR2023-145734 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Unidades de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, and Programa ATRAE, Spanish Government)
Condition monitoring and multi-fault classification of hydraulic systems using multivariate functional data analysis
No full textCondition monitoring and fault classification in engineering systems is a critical challenge within the scope of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). The fault diagnosis of complex nonlinear systems, such as hydraulic systems, has become increasingly important due to advancements in big data analytics, machine learning (ML), Industry 4.0, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Multi-sensor data provides opportunities to predict component conditions; however, environments characterized by multiple sensors and diverse fault states across various components complicate the fault classification process. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel multivariate Functional Data Analysis (FDA) framework based on Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis (MFPCA) for classifying failure conditions in hydraulic systems. The proposed method systematically tackles condition-based diagnostics and addresses fundamental issues in multi-fault classification. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach achieves high classification accuracy using raw multi-sensor data, establishing multivariate FDA as a powerful tool for fault diagnosis in complex systems.This research is part of the I+D+i projects PDC2022-133359, PID2022-137243OB-I00, PID2022-137050NB-I00 and TED2021-131264B-100 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. This initiative has also been partially carried out within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan funds, financed by the European Union (Next Generation) through the grant ANTICIPA and the ENIA 2022 Chairs for the creation of university-industry chairs in AI-AImpulsa: UC3M-Universia
The Price and Welfare Consequences of the British Sugar Act of 1846
No full textResearch on trade liberalization frequently overlooks the effects on third-party welfare. This paper studies a historically tragic third-party consequence of a special case of tariff reform: the British Sugar Act of 1846. Using a new database of monthly observations of prices and import volumes for the period 1840-1853, I estimate the price and welfare effects of the passage of the Sugar Act for consumers and colonial and noncolonial producers. Considerable consumption gains for British consumers and a reduced deadweight loss were derived from the intensification of trade with the slave economies
Automated dysphagia characterization in head and neck cancer patients using videofluoroscopic swallowing studies
No full textBackground
Dysphagia is one of the most common toxicities following head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy (RT). Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies (VFSS) are the gold standard for diagnosing and assessing dysphagia, but current evaluation methods are manual, subjective, and time-consuming. This study introduces a novel framework for the automated analysis of VFSS to characterize dysphagia in HNC patients.
Method
The proposed methodology integrates three key steps: (i) a deep learning-based labeling framework, trained iteratively to identify ten regions of interest; (ii) extraction of 23 swallowing dynamic parameters, followed by comparison across diverse cohorts; and (iii) machine learning (ML) classification of the extracted parameters into four dysphagia-related impairments.
Results
The labeling framework achieved high accuracy, with a mean error of 1.6 pixels across the ten regions of interest in an independent test dataset. Analysis of the extracted parameters revealed significant differences in swallowing dynamics between healthy individuals, HNC patients before and after RT, and patients with non-HNC-related dysphagia. The ML classifiers achieved accuracies ranging from 0.60 to 0.87 for the four dysphagia-related impairments.
Conclusions
Despite challenges related to dataset size and VFSS variability, our framework demonstrates substantial potential for automatically identifying ten regions of interest and four dysphagia-related impairments from VFSS. This work sets the foundation for future research aimed at refining dysphagia analysis and characterization using VFSS, particularly in the context of HNC RT.Research supported by projects AC20/00102 and PERME20731PASC (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and European Regional Development Fund “Una manera de hacer Europa”), project PerPlanRT (under the frame of ERA PerMed), PID2023-149604OB-I00 (MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR)
The Backreaction Problem for Black Holes in Semiclassical Gravity
No full textThe question of black hole evaporation is reviewed in the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes and semiclassical gravity. We highlight the importance of taking backreaction effects into account to have a consistent picture of the fate of gravitational collapse in this framework. We describe the difficulties of solving the backreaction semiclassical equations due to practical complications of renormalizing the stress-energy tensor of quantum fields in general 3 + 1 spacetimes. We end with some personal views and plans on the subject.I acknowledge financial support via “Atraccion de Talento Cesar Nombela”, grant No 2023-T1/TEC-29023, funded by Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. This work is also supported by the Spanish Grant PID2023-149560NB-C21, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE
Where did you come from, where did you go? News trajectories in Germany and Switzerland
No full textThe article examines news trajectories used by individuals to access mainstream journalistic media in Germany and German-speaking Switzerland during the first peak of COVID-19 in Europe. It discusses the role of individual characteristics related to sociodemographics, political, and media attitudes in predisposition towards specific modes of news access. For this aim, it combines survey data with data on individuals' engagement with news automatically tracked in spring 2020. The findings of the article highlight the prevalence of accessing news via search engines (search trajectory) and by directly going to news websites (routine trajectory). The study also demonstrates the important role of political and media attitudes in the prevalence of specific modes of news access, which, however, differs between the countries, thus emphasizing the importance of conducting more comparative research using tracking data
Prácticas decoloniales y feministas en La Red de Comunicadoras Indígenas Jun Na'oj de Fger en Guatemala
Get PDFLa presente investigación sistematiza la experiencia comunicativa de la Red de Mujeres Indígenas en las radios comunitarias de Guatemala, a través del análisis y reflexión sobre sus prácticas de comunicación. Se trata de un estudio de caso para hacer una caracterización de las prácticas de comunicación de las mujeres indígenas, analizar la participación y los rasgos individuales y colectivos que identifican su participación en las radios comunitarias y si estas prácticas tienen están relacionadas con el pensamiento decolonial y en los feminismos latinoamericanos o si se posicionan en otros enfoques.
Enmarcamos la investigación desde la convergencia de los estudios del Programa de Investigación Modernidad/Colonialidad, el pensamiento indígena, feminista y decolonial y los pensamientos comunicacionales latinoamericanos. En esta línea de ideas, enfocamos la atención en el impacto de los procesos de racialización y de internalización de la colonialidad del género en la jerarquización social y relaciones de poder que inferiorizan a los pueblos indígenas y cómo estos factores inciden en las experiencias de las mujeres indígenas en el campo de la comunicación comunitaria. Al mismo tiempo, analizamos la experiencia aproximándonos a los procesos más amplios de reivindicación y ejercicio del derecho a la comunicación para los pueblos indígenas en el país centroamericano.
Para ello hicimos un acompañamiento durante más de 5 años, entre el 2018 y el 2023, a la Red de Comunicadoras Indígenas impulsada por la Federación Guatemalteca de Escuelas Radiofónicas FGER, una organización con más de 50 años de trabajo y que en 2016 decidió transformar sus políticas con la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en sus procesos.
Partimos de un enfoque cualitativo, a través del cual recopilamos testimonios y experiencias personales y colectivas e identificamos sus propuestas, estrategias y metodologías de trabajo en el quehacer comunicativo. Para ello, la tesis triangula entrevistas, encuestas, historias de vida, observación participante, acompañamiento a actividades y eventos internos y con organizaciones sociales e instituciones.
También acompañamos la planeación y puesta en marcha de los programas, encuentros de reflexión y formación, a su participación en otros espacios internos de FGER y con procesos con otras organizaciones, movimientos sociales, medios masivos e instituciones en el ejercicio de la comunicación. Este acompañamiento permitió comprender el papel de la comunicación radial en las reivindicaciones sociales y políticas y en los procesos de resistencia frente al racismo y la discriminación que viven las mujeres indígenas en Guatemala, las principales barreras y obstáculos en el ejercicio del derecho a la comunicación y la capacidad y propuestas de acción para prevenir y combatir las violencias que las afectan dentro y fuera de sus comunidades.This research systematizes the communicative experience of the Network of Indigenous Women in the community radios of Guatemala through the analysis and reflection on their communication practices. It is a case study aimed at characterizing the communication practices of Indigenous women, analyzing their participation and the individual and collective traits that define their involvement in community radios, and investigating whether
these practices are connected to decolonial thought and Latin American feminism, or if they align with other frameworks.
We frame this investigation within the convergence of the Modernity/Coloniality Research Program, Indigenous, feminist, and decolonial thought, and Latin American communication theories. In this context, we focus on the impact of racialization processes and the internalization of gender coloniality in the social hierarchies and power relations that marginalize Indigenous peoples. We explore how these factors affect the experiences of
Indigenous women in community communication. Simultaneously, we analyze the broader processes of advocacy and the exercise of the right to communication for Indigenous peoples in the Central American country.
To achieve this, we conducted a five year accompaniment, from 2018 to 2023, to the Network of Indigenous Communicators promoted by the Guatemalan Federation of Radio Schools (FGER), an organization with over 50 years of experience, which, in 2016, decided to transform its policies by incorporating a gender perspective into its processes.
The study adopts a qualitative approach, through which we collected personal and collective testimonies and experiences, and identified their proposals, strategies, and work methodologies in communicative practice. The thesis triangulates interviews, surveys, life stories, participant observation, and accompaniment to activities and events both within the
organization and with other social organizations and institutions.
Furthermore, we supported the planning and implementation of programs, reflection and training meetings, as well as their participation in other internal spaces of FGER and in processes involving other organizations, social movements, mass media, and institutions engaged in communication practices. This accompaniment allowed us to understand the role
of radio communication in social and political claims, and in resistance processes against racism and discrimination faced by Indigenous women in Guatemala. It also illuminated the main barriers and obstacles in the exercise of the right to communication, as well as the capacity and action proposals to prevent and combat the violence that affects them both within and outside their communities.Programa de Doctorado en Investigación en Medios de Comunicación por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Manuel Chaparro Escudero.- Secretaria: María Cruz Tornay Márquez.- Vocal: Elisa García Ming