16168 research outputs found
Sort by
Antecedents of circular manufacturing and its effect on environmental and financial performance: A practice-based view
No full textDespite the worldwide recognition of the Circular Economy (CE) philosophy, its comprehensive adoption in manufacturing is not well understood in literature and practice. This study theorizes circular manufacturing (CM) by extending the cleaner production concept according to the design thinking of CE. Drawing on the practice-based view, it develops a conceptual model on the antecedents and performance outcomes of CM and the moderating role of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) production technologies on CM-to-environmental and financial performance relationships. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach to examine the hypothesized relationships. Survey data from 255 Chinese manufacturers are analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. Two qualitative case studies verify the survey findings and offer additional insights. The findings suggest that by strengthening a CE culture and integrated management systems, firms can improve CM implementation and consequently environmental and financial performance. However, investing in I4.0 production technologies may not enhance the impact. Our research contributes to the literature by conceptualizing and operationalizing CM as a new construct. It also provides guidelines for implementing CE in manufacturing
Passing lane & other stories
Get PDFAbstract
The process of growing into ourselves is one that we navigate through interactions with other people and, in turn, through interactions with the self. We learn from how the world refracts back to us and lodges deep within. This can be a bewildering experience as we attempt to discover who we are, trying to filter the continuous feedback thrown our way without losing ourselves. We build an absolute sense of self from the inside out. Despite the damage inflicted along the way, we seek to share and be understood.
This collection of stories intersplices experiences of what it is to be female - curious, observant, open, angry, lover of life, artist, idealist. It takes us on a journey forward and back through time, in the way our flickering minds and memories work to seek sense-making of the past from an ever-changing position in the now. As our lived experiences accumulate, time’s gift is that we can see with clarity what was hidden from view at the time.
Inspired by the idea of the arc from innocence to enlightenment we all traverse, I sought to allow fragments of female experience to explore themselves on the page. What happens when the unexpected happens? How do we reconcile fantasy with reality? How do we cope when expected to contort ourselves for others? Can we know ourselves entirely?
Womens’ lives are frequently fragmented and interrupted. We are always seeking to juggle the necessities of ordinary life, accept compromises, suppress or follow desires. I wanted to explore the lived reality of this fragmentation in the approach I took to these pieces of writing and how despite this, somehow, we still manage to hold on and savour life. Some of the stories are of traditional length, whereas others are shorter and more splintered. My goal was to capture the sense of how moments flicker by in our lives yet so many of them are poignant and extraordinary, gone in a flash and not always held on to.
The voices in these pieces are a female chorus, one woman on many different days, having many different epiphanies, or many women on a single day all experiencing life simultaneously. They are female harmonics seeking to make sense of the world.
The stories are narrated by unnamed female narrators, ranging in age from four to 49. They are in first person ‘I’ or third person ‘she’ with two narratives in second person ‘you’ to express a different energy. I sought to draw the collection together using this approach with the hope that it allows the reader intimately inside the world of the narrator.
From vulnerable and tender to sardonic and impatient, these female personae are honest and raw, funny and insightful. The plural She who speaks here seeks to understand how life shapes a person
Between the lines: A critical realist discourse analysis of inclusive education policy development in Malaysia from 1996 to 2018
Get PDFEnhancing access to equitable and quality education for children with special educational needs in Malaysia has been a vexing policy issue. Within these debates, its inclusive education policy has been nationally promoted as a solution to this equality crisis, but not without widespread critique. This thesis adds voice to this growing concern by arguing that the IE policymaking process in Malaysia is imbued by several contradictory considerations that are contingent upon the relationships between key policymakers and its local politics, culture, and the economy. Given the complex nature of IE policymaking, this research explores the development of inclusive education policy in Malaysia over three reform periods from 1996 to 2018. Of particular interest, this study investigates how inclusive education is conceptualised, the key discourses and intertextual relations that governed its conceptualisation, and the extent to which contextual factors have influenced key policy actors’ decisionmaking in the development of inclusive education policy over time in Malaysia.
The research hinges on a critical realist ontology and critical theory to provide critical explanations of the workings of invisible structures and power in influencing inclusive education policy development in Malaysia. It draws on critical realist discourse analysis through the pairing of the discourse-historical approach and the strategic-relational approach as both conceptual and analytical lenses. Within this theoretical and methodological framework, a historical case design is employed to explore the transnational and contextual reasons for why and how international standards of inclusive education travel across levels and evolve with the passage of time. Document analysis and semistructured interviews are employed to collect data. In total, five key inclusive education policy documents are analysed and interviews with six key policymakers are conducted.
The analyses of this study suggest that the conceptualisation of inclusive education experienced a subtle shift from an othering framework to selective inclusion. While more categories of disabilities are statutorily included in the inclusive education policy documents, access and opportunity to study in suitable schools for children with special educational needs continue to be determined based on their potential. Additionally, this study indicates that this conceptualisation over time is considerably influenced by the medical, charity, lay, rights, and neoliberal discourses of inclusion. It found that such discourses have implicit and explicit intertextual relations to both local and international policy pronouncements. Furthermore, the study implied that the evolution of IE policy in Malaysia is influenced by the strategic decisions employed by powerful social actors to fulfil the wider as well as local cultural, political, and economic conditions. These conditions include the desire to achieve Western modernity, legitimating disabled bodies into a social order, and the reproduction of neoliberal-ableist ideologies triggered by the need to gain a developed nation status and climb the international academic ranking.
This research is of importance as little has been written about how inclusive education policy moves across levels from the global to the Malaysian context and across time. It holds a significant methodological implication, as it contributes to the establishment of critical realist discourse analysis as an effective analytical framework for research into inclusive education and policy analysis. It also offers a platform to advance recommendations for policy and practice for policymakers, academics, and stakeholders “on the ground” concerning the education of children identified as having disabilities or special educational needs in Malaysia
New Zealand army chaplains at war : 2 NZEF 1939 - 1945
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the motivations to engage in, and the pastoral and sacramental work of, the 1939-45 World War Two chaplains of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and it explores the theological framework, and theology in which such chaplaincy was carried out. It concludes by noting significant factors and issues of concern to chaplains and their churches in respect of the transition from war to peace.
Historical models of military chaplaincy are found in Constantine’s Roman Empire of 312-337CE, the Christian Crusades of 1096-1291, and the later British Empire. Features of these models provide a tool for understanding and interpreting many aspects of the work and role of the military chaplains of this study. The impact of Christian pacifism is considered, as it is one of the influences which came to bear upon the decision of some clergy who enlisted as chaplains.
Chaplains were recruited from eight denominations and they demonstrated a common pastoral concern for all who were engaged in the various theatres of war. Through the introduction of the concept of ecumenical unit chaplaincy, the battalion became the padre’s parish where he conducted worship, exercised pastoral skills, read the liturgies and preached the Gospel. This became the corner-stone of an ecumenical chaplaincy which developed throughout the war years. Despite the exigencies of war a Bible Class network, church parades - both voluntary and compulsory - and a wide range of religious activities contributed to a spiritual programme which met the needs of a largely nominal Christian 2NZEF.
There emerged from the experience of worship within the 2NZEF a pragmatic ecumenical approach to many aspects of chaplaincy, including in particular the practice, at least for Protestants, of inter-communion. Roman Catholic practice and theological understanding of the Eucharist was enriched by a particular New Zealand contribution. The isolation of the Pacific theatre, coupled with the maturing of the Chaplain’s Department through the Middle East experiences, resulted in a heightening of ecumenical development within the 3rd Division chaplaincy.
The chaplain’s skills in pastoral matters were required to maintain morale, cope with death, wounding and captivity. They are defined first from a military perspective and then examined from a biblical viewpoint. It is primarily in reference to chaplains’ skills associated with the battlefield context, although other situations are included, that issues of pastoral ministry are identified and discussed. The Maori chaplains’ task is discussed in reference to the tohunga of pre-Christian times. Unlike their Pakeha (European) associates. Maori chaplains had access to individuals of influence within New Zealand Maori politics, a factor which was of particular significance.
Almost all chaplains had a belief in the natural justice of World War Two and this thesis will suggest they believed that not to have embarked upon war would have led to infinitely more serious problems for both civilization and the Christian Church. Throughout the war years there was an identified and distinct implicit theological framework which underwrote their attitudes and actions. Their opinions, theological framework and ideology, regarding the war arose both from the ministerial duties they performed and their battlefield experience of war itself.
The model of New Zealand chaplaincy is defined and compared with the classical models noted at the beginning of the thesis. At the end of the war, the 2NZEF Chaplains’ Department held a series of Leadership Schools. These Schools, involving laymen of all denominations. addressed a series of transitional religious and social issues, the outcomes of which were to develop over the decades following WW2. The concluding chapter summarizes a Theology of Chaplaincy which has developed from the foregoing study
Organophosphorus chemistry of camphene
Get PDFChapter one reviews the literature relating to terpene-phosphorus chemistry. Topics include a summary of the phosphorus chemistry of the monoterpenes and terpenoids camphor, menthol, camphene and pinene. A general discussion on terpene-phosphines and terpene-phosphonates is also included.
Chapter two of this thesis describes the chemistry of the camphene-derived phosphinic acids, 8-camphanylphosphinic acid [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(H)(OH) 1] (2,2-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] hept-3-ylmethylphosphinic acid) and 8-camphanyl-(phenyl)phosphinic acid [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(Ph)(OH) 3], which are formed by the radical-catalysed addition of hypophosphorous acid [H₃PO₂] and phenylphosphinic acid [PhPO₂H₂] to camphene. Reaction conditions which optimise the yield of 1 have been investigated along with the detailed characterisation by single crystal X-ray studies, ESMS and one- and two-dimensional NMR studies. The attempted preparation of chiral 1 starting from (R)-(+)-camphene yields only racemic material, the result of the acid-catalysed racemisation of camphene prior to the reaction with H₃PO₂. Methylation of the phosphinic acids 1 and 3 with diazomethane yields the methyl esters 6 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(H)(OMe)] and 7 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(Ph)(OMe)]. These methyl esters have been fully characterised by NMR and GCMS. 1 reacts with paraformaldehyde to form the hydroxymethylphosphinic acid 9 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OH)(CH₂OH)] and with a formaldehyde/dimethylamine mixture to form 10 [(C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OH)-(CH₂NHMe₂))Cl]. The oxidative chlorination of 1 and 3 with thionyl chloride [using a pyridine catalyst] yields the acid chlorides 11 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)Cl₂] and 12 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(Ph)Cl].
The reaction of 1 with calcium nitrate and excess urea (for pH control) for 5 days yields polymeric calcium salt 13 [(Ca(C₁₀H₁₇PO₂H)₂(C₁₀H₁₇PO₂H₂)-(H₂O))ₙ] on the basis of a single crystal X-ray study. The dominance of the bulky camphanyl groups, which form a coherent, essentially ‘close-packed’ hydrocarbon sheath around the central hydrophilic inorganic Ca/O/P core give the appearance of individual chains resembling ‘insulated wire’.
Chapter three describes the synthesis and subsequent derivatisation of the camphene-derived phosphonic acid 14 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OH)₂]. The formation of 14 via both the oxidation of 1 and the hydrolysis of 11 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)Cl₂] (in mild conditions), are investigated. 14 is characterised in detail by single crystal X-ray studies and one- and two-dimensional NMR studies. The treatment of 14 with diazomethane yields the methyl ester 15 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OMe)₂].
Also included in Chapter 3 is the reaction of an excess of silver oxide with equimolar quantities of the platinum dichloride complexes cis-[PtCl₂L₂] [L=PPh₃, PPhMe₂; L₂=DPPE] {DPPE=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphane)ethane} and 14. The Pt(II) complexes 16, 17 and 18, [Pt{OP(O)(C₁₀H₁₇)O(L)₂} L=PPh₃, PPhMe₂; L₂=DPPE], which are formed in moderate yields, are characterised in detail by ³¹P, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The analogous palladium chemistry of 14 is non-selective, forming a large number of unidentifiable products.
Chapter four describes the formation of the phosphines 20 [C₁₀H₁₇PH₂], 23 [C₁₀H₁₇P(CH₂OH)₂] and their derivatives. The reaction of phosphonic dichloride 11 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)Cl₂] with lithium aluminium hydride does not afford the free phosphine but a metal-phosphine adduct of 8- camphanylphosphine. However when 1 is heated to 140°C under vacuum [0.5 mm Hg] 1 disproportionates to yield 8-camphanylphosphine 20 [C₁₀H₁₇PH₂] which, when treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid/formaldehyde, affords an air-stable tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride 22 [(C₁₀H₁₇P(CH₂OH)₃)Cl]. 22 is the first tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salt to date to be subjected to a crystallographic study.
The treatment of 22 with equimolar amounts of either potassium hydroxide or triethylamine affords the bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphine 23 [C₁₀H₁₇P(CH₂OH)₂]. The subsequent addition of an excess of sulfur or selenium yields the phosphine sulfide 24 [C₁₀H₁₇P(S)(CH₂OH)₂] and the phosphine selenide 25 [C₁₀H₁₇P(Se)(CH₂OH)₂]. The controlled oxidation of 23 with hydrogen peroxide gives the bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide 26 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(CH₂OH)₂].
The treatment of 23 with CODPtCl₂ {COD = 1, 5 cyclooctadiene} directly precipitates the platinum dichloride complex 27 [(C₁₀H₁₇P(CH₂OH)₂)₂PtCl₂) while the gold(I) chloride complex 28 [C₁₀H₁₇P(CH₂OH)₂AuCl] is precipitated by the action of tetrahydrothiophene gold(I) chloride upon 23. Hydroxymethylphosphine 23 and its derivatives [24-28] have been fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy and ESMS.
Included in Chapter four is an investigation of the gas phase decomposition of 20 by Berrigan and Russell at Auckland University. Aided by the use of I.R. Laser Powered Homogeneous Pyrolysis, results indicate that phosphine is firstly eliminated followed by the rearrangement and decomposition of camphene through two distinct pathways.
Chapter five describes the formation of uranyl nitrate complexes of the camphene-derived phosphorylic ligands 15, 7 and 29 [the synthesis of 29 [C₁₀H₁₇P(O)Ph₂] is also described therein]. The spontaneous evaporation of methanolic solutions containing uranyl(VI) nitrate and these monodentate ligands yield the uranyl(VI) nitrate complexes UO₂(NO₃)₂L₂ [30 L= C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OMe)₂], [31 L= C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(Ph)(OMe)] and [32 L= C₁₀H₁₇P(O)Ph₂]. The uranyl(VI) nitrate complex [UO₂(NO₃)₂{C₁₀H₁₇P(O)(OMe)₂}₂] (30) has been subjected to a single crystal X-ray study. The structure determination was not straightforward, largely as a result of the combination of a dominant scattering atom (uranium) and substantial disorder of the camphanyl groups
Task-Based Learning: An Opportunity for Focused Learning in Technology Education
Get PDFThis chapter begins by outlining what is meant by Task-based Learning (TBL). The focus will be centred on the need to first define the content of the task. This is particularly important in Technology Education, because of the ideas of intentionality and establishing a shared goal in the TBL literature (Stelma, 2014). This is a challenge for the technology educator due to the ways in which content is conceived within the subject. The philosophy of technology invariably describes technological knowledge as action oriented, and resultantly, opposed to having a bespoke body of declarative knowledge that traditionally defined school subjects. Technology Education is necessarily more eclectic in its selection of what content is considered relevant. Ultimately this leaves the technology educator with more decisions surrounding the nature tasks to be used, the technological context of tasks, and how the task is framed to learners. Thus, although the focus of this chapter is pedagogical, it is first necessary to question the purpose behind tasks in Technology Education. This exploration of the organisation of teaching and learning within Technology Education leads to the question; why are you adopting Task-based Learning
Unveiling the depths of the Motiti archipelago: Biodiversity and stressors of mesophotic sponge reefs
Get PDFCompounding environmental stressors exacerbated by global warming are threatening marine ecosystems worldwide. In New Zealand, recent events such as Cyclone Gabrielle and unprecedented marine heatwaves have brought these concerns to light. Sponge communities dominate the mesophotic reefs of the Motiti archipelago in the Bay of Plenty, which are under ‘no-take’ protection and yet were largely unexplored prior to this research. This study utilised remotely operated vehicle footage and taxonomic identification to establish a baseline of the diversity and current state of Motiti’s mesophotic sponge communities, which are sentinels of the health of their environment. Comprehensive analysis revealed a rapid shift in assemblage composition taking place at the time of surveying, potentially towards species more resilient to sedimentation and elevated temperatures. Additionally, this study reports the discovery of new sponge species, extends geographical occurrence records, identifies large-scale necrosis in line with the 2022 Bay of Plenty marine heatwave, and presents the ‘rapid sponge death’ hypothesis. Conservative findings support previous studies that point towards temperate mesophotic sponges being climate change ‘losers’, highlighting the urgent requirement for regular, long-term monitoring of this sponge diversity hotspot to inform management plans. This study also provides a basis for future research endeavours which are now paramount to understand the complex interactions and the extent of change occurring in this functionally important ecosystem
The influence of harvest frequency and regime on the performance of Filamentous Algae Nutrient Scrubbers treating agricultural drainage
No full textFilamentous algae nutrient scrubbers (FANS) are ecologically engineered flow-ways that have recently been proposed as a potential on-farm method to treat agricultural drainage in New Zealand. The effectiveness of FANS systems to remove nutrients from polluted waters and to produce algal biomass as a harvestable by-product is heavily influenced by operational parameters. As filamentous algae grow on a flow-way, the thickness of the algal biomass increases and begins to reduce light penetration and nutrient assimilation. Therefore, periodic harvesting of the accumulated algal biomass plays a key role in determining the biomass production and nutrient removal performance of FANS systems.
The overall aim of this study was to investigate the influence of harvest frequency and harvest regime on biomass productivity and nutrient removal of an outdoor FANS system. The FANS system used in this study consisted of six flow-ways that were split into two sets of triplicate flow-ways named “FULL” and “PARTIAL”. Harvesting of the FULL replicate flow-ways occurred once a week, where algal biomass accumulated along the entirety of the flow-way was collected. Harvesting of the PARTIAL replicate flow-ways occurred twice a week, where the algal biomass was collected in alternate meter sections (a total of 3-metre harvest length every 3 – 3.5 days).
The increased harvest frequency (3 – 3.5 days) and sectioned harvest regime implemented in the PARTIAL replicate flow-ways significantly improved biomass productivity (3.2 g DW m-2. d) in comparison to the less frequent (7 – 7.5 days) and total harvest regime implemented in the FULL replicate flow-ways (0.9 g DW m-2. d). However, there was no significant difference in nutrient removal rates between the PARTIAL and FULL replicate flow-ways. There is still limited understanding of how operational parameters can be optimized to maximise biomass productivity and nutrient removal in FANS systems on a year-round basis. However, the findings of this study demonstrate that an increased harvest frequency and sectioned harvest regime can improve the biomass yield of filamentous algae grown on an outdoor FANS system during spring to summer months.
Furthermore, this study has suggested the potential for Māori acceptance of FANS technology and algal biomass use. In person interviews with whanau and iwi members recalled use of algal biomass harvested from rivers and streams as fertilizer for vegetable gardens or bait for eel trapping. Moreover, the literature review and in person interviews highlighted the importance of identifying and using ngā kupu (words and terms) used by Māori to describe freshwater algae. The intergenerational observation and utilization of algae as a resource by Māori may reveal an awareness of biological processes that either differs or compliments a Western Science point of view. Incorporating this knowledge into current water and environmental management practices could be extremely beneficial for improving water quality of streams in Aotearoa New Zealand
Psychopathic traits in managers: Implications for employees' motivation, performance, and well-being at work
Get PDFPsychopathy is a form of personality pathology that has captured the attention of researchers for decades. Yet, it is only recently that researchers have become interested in looking at psychopathy in the organisational context, amongst those in managerial or other formal leadership positions. This thesis examined the impact of perceived manager psychopathy, using the triarchic model (i.e., boldness, meanness, and disinhibition), on employees’ motivation, performance, and well-being. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), we proposed mechanisms by which these psychopathic traits in managers affect employees’ work-related outcomes, and sought to establish whether boldness, rather than meanness and disinhibition, can be adaptive and provide advantages to employees and organisations. We collected data using a three-wave longitudinal online survey with New Zealand employees reporting directly to a manager. The data that was collected is presented in this thesis in three related studies.
Study 1 (n = 505) examined the influence of perceived manager boldness, meanness, and disinhibition on employee amotivation with manager autonomy support as a mediator. Simple mediation analysis showed that autonomy support was indeed a significant mediator of the relationships.
Study 2 (n = 246) investigated the effect of perceived manager boldness, meanness, and disinhibition, on employee job performance. Both manager autonomy support and employee autonomous motivation were included as mediators. Through serial mediation analysis, this study found that perceived manager boldness, meanness, and disinhibition predicted employee job performance via both mediators in a sequence.
Study 3 (n = 125) examined the influence of perceived manager boldness, meanness, and disinhibition, on employee engagement and burnout with satisfaction and / or frustration of employees’ basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as mediators. Multiple mediation analysis showed that perceived manager boldness predicted employee engagement and burnout through autonomy satisfaction. Perceived manager meanness and disinhibition predicted employee work engagement through both autonomy and relatedness satisfaction, and employee burnout through both autonomy satisfaction and relatedness frustration.
Together, the three studies comprising this thesis extend literature on the implications of psychopathy in organisations, particularly amongst those in leadership positions, by identifying the underlying mechanisms driving the relationships between employees’ perception of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition in their manager, and their own motivation, performance, and well-being. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that boldness in managers leads employees to be more motivated, in addition to productive and psychologically well, when working; meanness and disinhibition in managers have the opposite effect
Exploring patient experiences and power dynamics in an acute general surgical ward: A mixed methods study exploring patient and staff perceptions of the inpatient experience at Waikato Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Alongside health outcomes, patient experiences are considered crucial in identifying the quality of a health care setting. General surgery comprise the largest range of pathologies and accounts for the highest number of patient discharges of any surgical specialty. As a way to address the power imbalance between healthcare staff and patients, patient-centred models of care are increasingly being adopted and implemented within hospitals including surgery. This study aims to investigate the current experiences of acutely admitted patients in a general surgical ward at Waikato Hospital, including opportunities for and challenges to improvement initiatives. Furthermore, the study examines relevant staff members perspectives of the inpatient experience and seeks to determine the efficacy of a proposed intervention focusing on empowering patients and their families.
Methods: The study was a mixed method design involving two phases. Phase I obtained qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with six patients and twelve staff members. Themes which emerged from the qualitative data in phase I were used to inform the development of phase II, as well as to inform a proposed patient self- assessment intervention. Phase II obtained quantitative data through Likert scale response surveys provided to acute patients on, or near to, their day of discharge from the surgical ward over a two month period.
Results: A total of six patients and 12 healthcare staff (senior registered nurses, n=3; surgical registered nurse managers, n=2; surgical fellows, n=2; surgical registrar, n=1; dietitian, n=1; social worker, n=1; occupational therapist, n=1; and physiotherapist n=1) were involved in phase I. A total of 53 surveys were returned from patients in Phase II (63.1% response rate). Qualitative data from phase I was analysed using a general inductive approach. This revealed three themes including power and control concerns for patients, the hierarchy of the health care team and the surrounding stressors of the organisation and environment. Analysis of the quantitative data collected descriptive statistics and calculated chi-squares. Of note were the statistically significant differences particularly between patients of Māori ethnicity comparatively to non-Māori, and according to gender and reason in hospital. There were no statistically significant differences for patients according to age group.
Conclusion: This study identified both the experiences of patients and staff in an acute general surgical context. The study found that the proposed patient self- assessment intervention was not immediately recommended. This was due to the current recommendations from patients who identified their strong preference was for face-to-face communication with staff. It was also due to staff members identification of a perceived inability to consistently provide person-centred care which corresponded with the patient self-assessment data. Acute general surgical care needs of patients were perceived by staff as taking precedent and current workplace stressors, including staffing and skill mix deficits and perceived lack of staff wellbeing supports, were strong inhibitors for staff to provide their preferred capacity of patient-centred care