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Learn by Doing: A Flipped Classroom approach to teaching exercise testing and prescription
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to describe a case-study based flipped classroom approach for teaching exercise testing and prescription. The goal of this approach is to provide students with supervised “real world” experience while also exposing students to diverse populations (e.g. health, age, culture, employment, ability). Students will complete a client interview, conduct a complete fitness assessment included a graded exercise test, and develop an individualized exercise prescription. The flipped classroom is intended to be incorporated into an in-person advanced level course, ideally less than 20 students per section. Completion of an introductory level exercise testing and prescription course is a pre-requisite for this approach. The first five weeks should be designated for didactic lectures and instructional laboratories of foundational principles before implementing the flipped classroom for the remainder of the term. Flipped classrooms can be more engaging and a more positive learning experience than traditional teaching styles. This case-study based flipped classroom may result in higher student self-efficacy, increased sense of belonging, and improved job-related competency
The Effects of Intermittent Sprint Training on Running Economy and Leg Stiffness in Highly Trained Runners
Full text linkInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 290-305, 2025. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of once-weekly sprint training on running economy (RE) and leg stiffness (LS) in highly trained athletes (12 M, 13 F, mean age 24.8 ± 7.1). Participants were recruited based on weekly exercise volume (minimum 4 hours) and athletic ability calculated by World Athletics score (minimum 500). RE and LS were evaluated at three velocities before and after 12 weeks of once-weekly sprint training. On average, participants experienced a non-statistically significant improvement in RE (average percent change -2.0 ± 5.6%, -1.2 ± 5.2%, -1.0 ± 4.6%, p = 0.389, 0.269, 0.272, Cohen’s d = 0.21, 0.18, 0.17), and a statistically significant improvement in LS (12.59 ± 9.2%, 11.49 ± 10.9%, 15.67 ± 11.2%, p = 0.019, 0.027, 0.011, Cohen’s d = 0.61, 0.56, 0.68) at the three running velocities. Interestingly, the improvement in LS was significantly influenced by a reduction in vertical displacement during the gait cycle (-17.7 ± 11.7%, -15.7 ± 12.2, -17.3 ± 13.4%, p \u3c 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.10, 0.93, 0.91). Changes in RE and LS were significantly different when data were analyzed by exercise volume during the intervention period (p \u3c 0.05). The present study demonstrates that LS, independently shown to improve performance and RE, can be improved by sprint training in highly trained athletes. Additionally, the average participant improvement in RE suggests that sprint training may lead to statistically significant improvement with an increase in participants and tighter participant training control
Shielding the Skull: Exploring the Influence of Facial Protection, Impact Location and Neck Stiffness on Hockey Helmet Safety During a Linear Impact
Full text linkInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(7): 343-362, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/REVL1750 Originally designed to mitigate skull fractures and traumatic brain injuries in hockey players, hockey helmets have now become a critical focus for further research due to the rise in mild traumatic brain injuries. With the sport\u27s evolution introducing stronger and faster players, new approaches that incorporate facial shielding in helmet technology and enhance athletes’ neck strength are needed to reduce concussion risks. This study pursued two primary objectives. Firstly, it sought to determine if a hockey helmet\u27s stiffness fluctuated at different contact locations during static compression with the inclusion of facial shielding. Secondly, it examined the influence of impact location, facial protection type, and neck stiffness on head injury risk during simulated dynamic impacts, gauged by the Gadd Severity Index (GSI). The findings revealed that helmet stiffness varied across locations, and a significant three-way interaction was observed between facial shielding, impact location, and neckform stiffness level concerning GSI measures at p \u3c 0.05. Further analysis unveiled significant two-way interactions between impact location and facial shielding across neck strength levels at p \u3c 0.05. These outcomes underscore the critical role of facial shielding, neck strength and impact location, in averting brain injuries in hockey. The results carry practical implications for helmet manufacturers, standards bodies, coaches, and players, urging a comprehensive approach to helmet design and player safety
Comparative Effects of Exercise and GLP-1 RAs on Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model: A Systematic Review
Full text linkInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(6): 363-378, 2025. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide having life-threatening complications causing mortality and a rise in prevalence. Effective treatment strategies are vital for managing diabetes and its associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. This systematic review aims to evaluate effective treatment approaches, focusing on the comparative effects of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in T2D rat models. Current pharmacological therapies primarily target glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. However, there is a growing concern in non-traditional approaches that involve exercise and GLP-1 RAs for managing T2D. These therapies are crucial as they have the potential to improve pancreatic β-cell efficiency to secrete insulin, control blood glucose levels, decrease insulin resistance, and manage diabetes-related issues. Studies were searched in seven electronic databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science from inception till 2024. Out of 16,500 documents retrieved between 2020 and 2024, 58 full-text articles were assessed in detail, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria that include Male Wistar, Male Sprague Dawley and Adult female Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 grams. These experimental studies examined the effects of exercise and different GLP-1 RAs on 103 diabetics and 103 non-diabetic rats. Overall, synthesized findings revealed a promising effect on glucose control, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health in diabetic rats. Further research is needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) through which exercise and GLP-1 RAs manage T2D and its associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy
Assessing Variability in Exercise Energy Expenditure Measurements: A Pilot Study
Full text linkGNYACSM Original Research Abstract
Assessing Variability in Exercise Energy Expenditure Measurements: A Pilot Study
PHILIP ENG MS; KATHRYN WHYTE, PHD RDN
New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine,
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York City, NEW YORK
Category: Graduate
Advisor / Mentor: Whyte, Kathryn ([email protected])
ABSTRACT
Whole-room indirect calorimetry (WRIC) serves as the gold standard for measuring human energy expenditure (EE) including 24hr EE and its components. It has been applied to multiple research fields to determine EE in energy balance studies. Due to response times in WRIC, for exercise EE, indirect calorimetry via metabolic cart (MET) serves as the gold standard. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if the WRIC can be utilized for measuring EE during exercise by comparing WRIC values of ventilated oxygen (VO2) and ventilated carbon dioxide (VCO2) to the same variables obtained from the current standard, MET. METHODS: Participants (n=6; 3 male, 3 female) were recruited to perform the exercise efficiency test (EET) x 2 in a repeated measures design. Each participant conducted two 14-minute graded cycle ergometer EETs at 60 RPM at 10 watts, 25 watts, 50 watts and 75 watts three times in a seven-day window. Study design included controls for biological variability. VO2 and VCO2 at each level of resistance (Watts (W)) at each day per method are outcome variables. Body composition (quantitative magnetic resonance) for collection of lean mass (LM) fat mass (FM) and total body water (TBW) were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to investigate intra individual variability and Bland Altman analyses were used to evaluate limits of agreement between the two methods at 50W. RESULTS: Means and ranges are listed for age (26.3±; 23-30y) BMI (26.9;22.8-33.9kg/m2). Means ± standard deviations for LM (49.2±6.9), FM (24.1±14.1) and TBW (41.4±5.7). ANOVAs run for each participant at level of W by DAY found significantly different values for VO2 and VCO2 for males only. Average VO2 and VCO2 at 50W for females for MET were 0.834±.09L/min and 0.701±.12L.min and for WRIC 0.585±.08L/min and 0.547±.09L/min. Average male VO2 and VCO2 at 50W for MET were 0.863±.12L/min and 0.694±.10L/min and WRIC 0.569±0.32L/min and 0.502±.25L/min. Bland Altman analyses do not demonstrate agreement between the methods for this sample. CONCLUSION: The preliminary data from this small cohort demonstrate differences between WRIC and MET for EET; this is primarily driven by male participants. Further testing is required to investigate if any actual mechanisms are driving the observed dimorphism between energy expenditure methods
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON PRACTICES AND DECISION-MAKING RELATED TO EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE IDENTIFICATION
No full textEmotional Disturbance (ED) is arguably one of the most challenging special education categories for school psychologists. There are approximately 360,000 students under the classification of ED and there is still a large percentage that are unidentified. Due to the vagueness of the federal definition, differences in criteria/definitions across states, and lack of guidance there are inconsistencies in practice. The results of these inconsistencies negatively affect students because they are not receiving the services they need. Research studying the perceptions of school psychologists on identifying students with emotional disturbance exists, however, no research currently exists that examines the practices of school psychology trainees. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of school psychology graduate students’ perceptions on identifying students with emotional disturbance. Eight-six participants completed a survey regarding identification of emotional disturbance. Overall, participants concluded that the federal definition is unclear and many struggle with comfortability in making an eligibility decision based on the federal definition as well. An encouraging finding demonstrated that the majority of the participants reported they would include five critical sources (e.g., classroom observation, teacher interview, parent interview, student interview, and normative data derived from rating scales collected from a minimum of two different informants) in terms of initial emotional disturbance evaluations. Limitations and future directions are discussed
SCHOOL PERSONNEL PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL-BASED MENTAL HEALTH PREVENTION AND INTERVENTIONS
Full text linkDespite millions of children across the United States experiencing at least one mental health disorder about half do not receive any sort of treatment or counseling. Within schools, many children receive formal intervention services once they are identified. However, there are many other children who would benefit greatly from learning social emotional skills who have not been identified. Prevention could be a great resource to prevent children from falling through the cracks. The purpose of this study was to assess personnel perceptions on the school’s role in student mental health, mental health interventions and prevention, evidence-based practices, and barrier to implementation. The study used a 42-item questionnaire format from a previous study to survey a sample of school personnel in the United States. Most participants agreed that schools are responsible for addressing student mental health. Perceptions of in-school mental health do not vary across position in the school (e.g., teachers vs. others). There was a statistically significant difference between believing teachers should be involved in mental health intervention when compared to school psychologists or school counselors. Additional implications are discussed
TRUE LOVE STAYS
Full text linkTrue Love Stays is a love story, albeit an atypical one. Inspired by the bond I have cultivated with my dog, Ava, it explores the nature of relationships with other people and myself. As an essayist and a filmmaker, I was inspired by the way that writers like Jo Ann Beard, Joan Didion, and Leslie Jamison write about love and how Phoebe Waller-Bridge and Alice Birch approach the complexities of identity and relationships on-screen. This collected work is meant to be a multi-genre approach to unpacking how love, desire, and grief interact with identity formation through character-driven writing and an integration of screenwriting, film theory, gender and women’s studies, and creative nonfiction. As a young woman experiencing the coming-of-age that happens at the end of your twenties, my goal was to communicate what I’ve learned, how I’ve learned it, and who I’ve learned it from. This thesis features a section titled “Narrative Shorts,” which includes five original brevity essays: “November,” “Do You Know How The Sopranos Ends?,” “Bestiary,” “Postcard from Derby City,” and “Scopophilia;” a second section titled “Feature-Length,” which includes three original essays: “Blue,” “The Rabbits,” and “August;” the original script for the short film, True Love Stays; the original short film, True Love Stays; a series bible for the half-hour TV series inspired by the short film, also titled True Love Stays; and the half-hour TV pilot episode titled “May.
A REVIEW OF THE VALIDITY OF THE AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE 2
Full text linkAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted condition that affects individuals in unique ways. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2020), people with ASD have a neurological disorder that impacts communication, social interaction, and behavior. One common ASD evaluation tool is the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2 (ADOS-2), which helps a clinician decide if the student exhibits social and communication skills expected of someone with or without ASD. Since ASD is a disorder for which symptoms need to be present within the early developmental period, it is common for schools and pediatricians to be initial sources of referral or identification for suspected ASD. Therefore, the ADOS-2 is important to the school psychology field because it is considered a high-quality assessment administered to help identify a child with autism. However, when evaluating the use of any measure, it is important to understand whether it functions similarly across different groups. A systematic review of the literature focused on two key aspects of ADOS-2 scores. It examines gender and cultural differences in ADOS-2 modules and scores to see if there is an impact on autism diagnosis and symptom presentation. Results revealed that ADOS-2 scores demonstrate inconsistent validity across gender but were typically valid across cultures
A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF THE MANTEL-HAENSZEL METHOD AT DETECTING ITEM BIAS
Full text linkThe Mantel-Haenszel (MH) method is a statistical method used for differential item functioning analysis. Previous differential item functioning (DIF) research of the MH method focused on Type I error rates and statistical power. Not yet studied in the literature is whether excessive numbers of biased items may cause the MH method to fail to identify biased items. The proposed study employed a Monte Carlo design to determine the extent of bias in the match items necessary for the MH method to fail to identify a biased item. Results showed that the threshold was greater than was hypothesized, requiring nearly all of the test items to be biased before Type II errors were observed