48760 research outputs found
Sort by
The Effect of a KN95 Mask on High-Intensity Interval Training Performance, Physiological Response, and Perception
No full textInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(3): 984-994, 2025. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a KN95 mask on the performance, physiological response, and perception of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Twenty college-aged participants (Male: 10, Female: 10) completed a two-visit, crossover, counterbalanced study. The HIIT workout included four 1-minute “all-out” intervals at 3.5% of body mass with 4-minute rest intervals, performed with or without a KN95 mask. Following HIIT, participants remained on the cycle ergometer for a 15-minute recovery period. For each interval, peak power and average power were recorded. Throughout the HIIT workout and recovery, heart rate, blood lactate, muscle oxygenation, perceived exertion, and perceived recovery were measured. All data were assessed using trial×time ANOVAs with post hoc pairwise comparisons. Alpha level was set to p\u3c0.05. All data are presented as mean±standard deviation. No significant interactions were noted for peak power (p=0.432), average power (p=0.674), blood lactate (p=0.533), perceived exertion (p=0.221), perceived recovery (p=0.333), or muscle oxygenation (p=0.991). A significant main effect of trial was noted for heart rate during recovery, with higher heart rate during the masked trial compared to control. A KN95 mask did not affect performance, physiological response, or perception during HIIT, though it led to elevated heart rate during recovery. These results suggest KN95 masks may not impair HIIT performance but can influence short-term post-exercise heart rate recovery
AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO SELF-SELECTED AND MODERATE-INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISE IN ADULTS WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
No full textDespite the known antidepressant effects of exercise, participation rates remain low among depressed individuals. One potential barrier is the affective experience of exercise, which is particularly relevant for individuals with depression, as they often avoid physical activity and experience reduced motivation. Research assessing affective responses to exercise may help inform more targeted strategies for exercise prescription. PURPOSE: This study examines affective responses to self-selected versus prescribed moderate-intensity exercise in adults with mild-to-severe depressive symptoms. METHODS: Using a within-subjects crossover design, 26 participants (age=23.6±5.6 years; 62% female) completed two counterbalanced laboratory sessions, each involving 30 min of cycling at a self-selected or prescribed moderate intensity (64-76% of maximal heart rate [HR]). Exercise intensity was monitored via HR and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), while affective responses—pleasure and perceived activation—were assessed before, during, and after exercise using the Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale. RESULTS: Prescribed exercise resulted in a higher HR (136 vs. 133 bpm; t(275)=2.3, p=.022) and RPE (11.7 vs. 11.2; t(275) = 3.0, p =.003) during exercise than self-selected exercise. Pleasure did not differ overall but showed a depressive symptom severity x condition interaction, with greater pleasure during the self-selected bout for those with high depressive symptoms (b=-0.4; F(1,264)=4.4, p=.037). Perceived activation followed an inverted-U trend and also showed a depressive symptom severity x condition interaction. That is, perceived activation was higher during the prescribed exercise for those with low depressive symptoms (b=0.6; F(1,264)=20.1, p\u3c.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that exercise intensity and autonomy influence affective responses among individuals with depressive symptoms. Considering individual differences in depressive symptoms may optimize exercise prescription effectiveness. Future research should explore tailoring exercise prescriptions to individual preferences for improved engagement and adherence
Acute Exercise Alters Reward Center Cerebral Blood Flow and Appetite Perception in Adults with Hyperglycemia
No full textTesting the Validity of Smartwatches at Measuring Heart Rate and Distance on a Treadmill
No full textEffects of Short-Term High-Dose Allulose Supplementation on Endurance, Metabolism, and Muscle Glycogen in Male Cyclists
No full text
Comparative Analysis of Training Load and Technical Demands in various Small-Sided Games During Soccer Preseason
No full textInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 1286-1297, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/QCAG3602 Small-sided games (SSG) are often used as a multifunctional form of specific training that allows development of various key components during soccer training. The main goal of this research was to determine the differences in internal and external load of different small-sided games (SSG) during preseason. The secondary goal was to analyze specific technical demands during these SSG. Twelve players of the First Croatian Junior League (U19) participated in this research in the fourth week of the preparatory period for the competitive season 2019/2020. Testing was conducted on two separate days with a day of rest in-between. Internal (IL) and external load (EL) variables and some technical demands were observed in the research. Significant differences in IL and EL were found between different types of SSG. Overall, IL (primarily HRmax (F=4.24, p\u3c0.05, η2=0.44) and 90-100%Hrmax (F=5.18, p\u3c0.01, η2=0.37) and EL (primarily TD (F=3.50, p\u3c0.05, η2=0.28) and WR (F=6.26, p\u3c0.01, η2=0.41) increased during 5vs.5 with GK (goalkeeper) series. On the other hand, greater EL (WR (F=11.43, p\u3c0.001, η2=0.51), 2.1-3.0 m/s (F=7.03, p\u3c0.001, η2=0.39) was observed in regular 6vs.6 while some IL parameters (%HRmax (F=6.07, p\u3c0.01, η2=0.36) and HRmax (F=8.60, p\u3c0.001, η2=0.44) were higher in two 6vs.6 GK series. In terms of technical demands, incidences of the PASS, RECEIVE and TURN variables were on average higher in 5vs.5 and 6vs.6 compared to 5vs.5GK and 6vs.6GK. To conclude, different SSG generated different IL and EL outcomes, especially with the addition of goalkeeper. Also, SSG could be used as a useful training tool for pre-season training in order to improve functional abilities while adding specific match-like situations for players
Developing Research Ideas and Proposals: A Guide for Emerging Scholars
No full textDeveloping research ideas and proposals can be an ambiguous and intimidating process for emerging scholars. This presentation, Developing Research Ideas and Proposals: A Guide for Emerging Scholars, is designed to help students understand how to transform an initial curiosity into a structured and well-formulated research proposal. The session outlines a step-by-step process that begins with identifying a topic of personal or academic interest, exploring the topic in-depth, refining the chosen topic into a well-developed research question, and finishing with practical instructions for creating a proposal to conduct research. The presentation begins by emphasizing the role of curiosity as the starting point of scholarly inquiry. Students are encouraged to reflect on their interests, experiences, or observations to identify broad areas of curiosity. Next, the process of exploring a topic through background research is discussed, highlighting the importance of reviewing credible sources, recognizing patterns in existing literature, and identifying gaps in current knowledge. Participants will learn strategies for narrowing a general topic into a focused, researchable question that aligns with their goals and resources. The session then transitions into the practical aspects of creating a research proposal. Key components will be discussed, including the introduction and background, literature review, purpose and research questions, methods, ethical considerations, and anticipated outcomes. To support student learning beyond the presentation, attendees will receive structured handouts designed to guide them through each stage of the research development process. These handouts will include prompts for identifying topics of interest, refining research questions through review of existing literature, and organizing proposal sections. Together, these materials will serve as a step-by-step resource that students can apply to their own academic work
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(5): 1321-1333, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/YEUF2363 Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a significant contributor to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effectiveness of time-efficient high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing VAT has not been reviewed. A systematic search conducted on PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus up to April 2025 for randomized controlled trials that compared HIIT with non-exercise control and quantified VAT using imaging identified five trials (n = 138) that met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using a nine-item modified PEDro scale. Four trials reported significant reductions in VAT after 8-12 weeks of thrice-weekly cycling HIIT sessions. Furthermore, all five HIIT interventions showed significant reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin compared to the control groups. Overall, supervised HIIT appears effective, resulting in clinically significant reductions in VAT and glycemic control. Nonetheless, these conclusions are limited by small sample sizes, protocol heterogeneity, and short follow-up durations. Larger trials that standardize interval structures, evaluate unsupervised adherence, and investigate mechanistic mediators are necessary to confirm the sustainability of outcomes and inform clinical applications of HIIT for patients with T2D
Can Motivation and Self-Efficacy Predict a Law Enforcement Officer’s General and Job-Specific Fitness?
No full textInternational Journal of Exercise Science 18(8): 1393-1409, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70252/GEHB5425 Sedentary behaviors contribute to law enforcement officer fitness declines over a career. An officer’s motivation (desire to exercise) and self-efficacy (belief in ability to exercise) could affect whether they exercise and predict resulting fitness. Data from 60 officers (48 men, 12 women) were analyzed. Motivation (amotivation, external, introjected, identified, integrated, and intrinsic regulation) was measured via the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. A 6-item questionnaire assessed coping (confidence in exercising under challenging conditions) and scheduling (confidence in scheduling exercise) self-efficacy. General fitness variables included sit-and-reach, grip strength, 60-s push-ups, 60-s sit-ups, and step test recovery heart rate. Job-specific fitness variables included 99-yard obstacle course, body drag, 6-foot chain link fence and solid wall climbs, and 500-yard run. Stepwise regression, controlling for sex, derived relationships between motivation and self-efficacy, with general and job-specific fitness (p\u3c0.05). Grip strength was predicted by introjected, identified, and integrated motivation (~71% explained variance). Push-ups were predicted by integrated motivation and coping self-efficacy (~43% explained variance). The obstacle course, fence and solid wall climbs, were predicted by coping self-efficacy (~24-47% explained variance). Internal motivation and coping self-efficacy predicted certain general and job-specific fitness metrics. Grip strength, an indicator of muscular strength, was predicted by introjected (internal rewards), identified (exercise is valued), and integrated (exercise integrated within beliefs) regulation. Integrated regulation and coping self-efficacy, or confidence to overcome barriers to exercise, predicted push-ups as a muscular endurance metric. Coping self-efficacy could also contribute to the exercise needed to maintain job-specific fitness relative to obstacle courses and obstacle clearance