Pharmaciana
Not a member yet
486 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of Piper crocatum leaf extract-based ointments on bacteria associated with diabetic ulcers: an in vitro study
Get PDFDiabetic patients with poor blood glucose control are highly susceptible to developing secondary infections, which can lead to the development of prolonged diabetic ulcers. Therefore, a suitable medication that may effectively prevent the occurrence of secondary infections is crucial to shorten the closure of diabetic ulcers. Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) reportedly possesses antimicrobial activity due to the presence of flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of red betel leaf (EERBL) ointments against the most prevalent bacteria associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU): Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EERBL was prepared by macerating powdered red betel leaf with 96% ethanol and was screened for the presence of flavonoids and the determination of total flavonoid content (TFC) by thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. This study examined three hydrophilic-based ointments containing 10%, 20%, and 30% EERBL, respectively, followed by characterization for pH, spreadability, stickiness, and viscosity. The EERBL ointments' effect on the bacteria was evaluated using the well-diffusion method by observing inhibition zone formation after 24-hour incubation. The results showed that varying the EERBL concentrations in the formulations led to different spreadability, stickiness and viscosity (p<0.05). Furthermore, all EERBL ointments demonstrated the formation of an inhibition zone on cultured media, indicating the presence of antimicrobial activity. The ointment with 30% EERBL had the largest diameter of the inhibition zone against both bacteria (p<0.05). The findings suggest enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed with an increase in the concentration of EERBL within the ointments
Immunomodulator Effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves Extract on CD4+ and CD8+ Expression in Salmonella typhimurium infected mice
Get PDFTyphoid fever is a common health problem in the community caused by Salmonella bacteria. The incidence rate of this infection will increase if a person's immune system is weakened. Plant extracts are generally considered to be potential immunomodulatory agents developed, which have smaller side effects. Research shows that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves have medicinal properties including as hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anticardiovascular. The results of the antioxidant activity test show the results that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves extract (CAE) has potential as an antioxidant with a very strong category. This study was conducted to determine the effect of giving Japanese papaya leaf extract on CD4+ and CD8+ expression in Babl/c mice induced by Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The study was started by preparing 70% ethanol extract from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves and preparing 30 Babl/C mice as experimental animals which were divided into 6 groups (healthy control, negative control, positive control and treatment group by giving CAE dose of 100 mg/kgbw, 200 mg/kgbw and 400 mg/kgbw). Induction was carried out by oral infection with Salmonella thypimurium bacteria. After 3 days the infected mice were treated orally once a day for 7 days. Evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ expression was carried out using the flowcytometer method of the lymph organs. Data analysis was carried out by the Anova test followed by the post hoc test (Tukey) using the SPSS for Windows application. The results showed that giving CAE at doses of 100 mg/kgbw, 200 mg/kgbw and 400 mg/kgbw could increase the expression ratio of CD4+ and CD8+, whereas giving CAE at a dose of 400 mg/kgbw showed significantly different results (p<0.05) to the negative control. This shows that the CAE has potential as an immunomodulatory agent that can improve immune function
The Optimation of Fermentation Time, Antibacterial Activity and Profiling Secondary Metabolite of Symbiont Fungi from Sponge Gelliodes fibulata
Get PDFSymbiont fungi are organisms that live in sponges tissue. Sponges are known to contain many metabolites which have the potential to be used as raw materials for medicine. Sponge Gelliodes fibulata is belongs to category demospongiae. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to obtain the best secondary metabolite profile results in the sponge symbiont fungus Gelliodes fibulata. This research is included in experimental research. Beginning with the fungi culture of the sponge Gelliodes fibulata. Followed by a fermentation process with variations in time 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days to get the secondary metabolites produced. A liquid extraction process is carried out to obtain secondary metabolites produced during fermentation. The final stage is to carry out qualitative analysis with TLC and antibacterial testing with the well-diffusion method. The results obtained show that the long fermentation time influences the secondary metabolites obtained, and the metabolites possessed influence their antibacterial activity. The profile of secondary metabolites from TLC showed that the 10th day of fermentation had the most complex secondary metabolites and the highest yield 0.086%. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the 10th day of fermentation had the largest inhibition zone with 7.75 ± 0.44 mm compared to the other days of fermentation
Gastroprotective activity of Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) methanol extract purified on aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in Rats
Get PDFBanana (Musa paradiasiaca var. sapientum) is the world's most popular fruit-bearing crop, with rising consumption and waste. This study aimed to measure the metabolite compound and evaluate the gastroprotective properties of a banana peel-purified methanol extract. Animals test used in this study were divided into six groups: Group One received NaCMC 0.5%, Group Two received sucralfate, Group Three received aspirin 1000 mg/kg body weight, and groups four, five, and six received PBP at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for seven days. Except for group 1, all groups were induced with aspirin at 1000 mg/kg body weight on the eighth day. The result of this study exhibited banana peel containing total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin compounds with concentrations of 33.45 mg GAE/g, 19.92 mg QE/g, and 0.16 %, respectively. The results showed that pure extract of Musa paradiasiaca var. sapientum fruit peel can reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers by decreasing the ulcer index (p<0.05).. The results suggested that Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum peel has a gastroprotective effect against aspirin-induced gastric ulceration
Inhibition breast carcinogenesis via PI3K/AKT pathway using bioactive compounds of Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica): in silico study
Get PDFBreast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with a notable prevalence in Indonesia. Given the intricate nature of breast cancer progression and classification, precise treatment strategies are imperative, particularly targeting signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT, pivotal in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Bioactive compounds from the Strychnine tree demonstrate potential in enhancing apoptotic effects and inhibiting breast carcinogenesis. This potential is explored through in silico studies. This research aims to analyze potential targets of Strychnine tree compounds, along with binding energy and stability between ligands and receptors. Employing bioinformatics target analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, the study reveals AKT1 as a potential target of Strychnine tree compounds. These compounds inhibit AKT1 at both active and allosteric sites, displaying notably low binding energy scores. For example, brucine exhibits a binding energy of -10.83 kJ/mol at the active site, surpassing the standard capivasertib. However, lupeol, with a binding energy of -11.14 kJ/mol, falls short of the MK-2206 standard at the allosteric site. Molecular dynamics simulations expose fluctuations in parameters like RMSD, RMSF, and binding energy within the initial 5 ns. In conclusion, Strychnine tree compounds, such as brucine and lupeol, showcase potential AKT1 inhibition at both active and allosteric sites, enhancing apoptotic effects. However, the stability of these compounds in binding to their receptors within the first 5 ns of the simulation warrants further investigation for prolonged interactions.
The quality of life of hemodialysis patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFThe assessment of quality of life serves as a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of the administered hemodialysis treatment. The measurement of quality of life can be conducted using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQoL-SF™) questionnaire. This research aims to gather information concerning the quality of life among patients with hemodialysis due to chronic kidney failure at the dr. S. Hardjolukito Regional Military Hospital in Yogyakarta. The research employed a cross-sectional design. The respondents consisted of 65 patients selected through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-Square test and Fischer test were conducted to define the association between quality of life and respondent characteristics. Most of the hemodialysis patients was male (50.8%) with average od age was 54.66 years old. The findings revealed that 64.6% of the respondents experienced moderate/poor quality of life, while 35.4% exhibited good quality of life. Statistical analysis established a significant relationship between respondent characteristics and quality of life based on the variables of age and duration of hemodialysis (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels, number of prescribed medications, gender, education, occupation and income demonstrated no significant relationship with the quality of life. Among the respondents’ characteristics, age and duration of hemodialysis were associated with the quality of life
The redox titration of Fe (II) ions with K2Cr2O7 using a potentiometry method the effect of EDTA and SCN- ligands
Get PDFComplexometric titration is often used for determining the metal content, either through direct titration or back titration. This study aimed to investigate redox titration between Mohr salt solutions and potassium dichromate in an acidic atmosphere in the pH range 2. The results showed that the reaction proceeded effectively at pH 2, with Mohr's salt solution acting as titrant. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of EDTA ligands and SCN- ligands in improving the sharpness of the Fe2+/ Cr2O72- redox titration curve at pH 2. Results show that EDTA ligands are more effective than SCN- ligands in improving the sharpness of the titration curve. However, it should be noted that the addition of EDTA ligands can shift the equivalent point volume earlier, so adjustments need to be made in redox titration analysis. Research has also shown that adding excess moles of EDTA to total Fe (II) ions can decrease redox potential in Fe2+/ Cr2O72- systems. These results provide additional insight into the use of EDTA ligands in redox titration analysis and their relevance to redox potential changes in the systems studied
Medication-related burden of chronic renal failure patients at regional general hospital Sleman Yogyakarta
Get PDFPatients with chronic renal failure must undergo lifelong treatment. The condition raises treatment-related responsibilities and may affect their treatment adhesion. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the burden of medication and the level of medication adherence among chronic kidney failure patients at Sleman Regional Hospital in Yogyakarta. This study took the form of observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using LMQ (Living with Medicine Questionnaire) and Visual Analog Sacle (VAS) overall burden to determine the burden and MARS (Medication Adherence Rating Scale) to determine medication adherence level. The samples in this study were 60 patients from all patients undergoing hemodialysis who met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was taken using a consecutive sampling technique with inclusion criteria of patients willing to complete the questionnaire and patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure aged more than 18 years. To determine the relationship between medication burden and medication adherence, data was examined using the Spearman test. The results of this study showed that 40 patients (66.7%) had moderate medication burden and 50 patients (83%) had moderate medication adherence. There was a significant correlation between the LMQ score and MARS (correlation-coefficient = 0.581, p=0.000) and a significant correlation between the VAS score and MARS (correlation-coefficient= 0.651, p=0.000). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between treatment burden and the level of treatment compliance, where the higher the burden, the higher the level of compliance in chronic kidney failure patients
Chlorogenic acid in preventing and curing ultraviolet-induced damage in human skin fibroblast as an antiaging cell model
Get PDFContinuous ultraviolet (UV) irradiation stimulates the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause degenerative diseases. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is found as plants antioxidant that promises medicinal effects. This study examined CA protection against UV-damage in human skin fibroblast (BJ) cells both for curative and preventive therapy. BJ cells were exposed to UV radiation and the addition of CA (6.26-100 mikro g/mL) by preventive and curative addition methods. The cells viability analysis was conducted employing MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. CA treatment before UV exposure exhibited an increased percentage of viability cells than the positive control. In detail, the series of CA concentration (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mikro g/mL) significantly enhanced the percentage of viable cells. The addition of CA after UV exposure denoted the same results. Furthermore, the lower CA concentrations used, the higher cell viability resulted. CA at dose 6.25 mikro g/mL showed the highest viability in cells, while CA 100 mikro g/mL resulted in the lowest viability. In short, CA can preserve and treat cells from UV exposure. The outcome suggested prevention and curative on UV-induced BJ cells, and the tested concentration is applicable for further experiments
Nanoemulgel activity of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaf extract againts wound healing of hyperglycemic rats
Get PDFHyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, leading to the onset of wounds. The content of flavonoid compounds, steroids and saponins in Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis) plays a role in the healing of diabetic wounds. The effectiveness of the active substance of the natural material is influenced by the large size of the particles, due to the presence of barier skin membranes. Nanoemulgel is an emulsion preparation with a droplet size of 1-100 nm which is suspended in a hydrogel. This study aims to determine the wound healing activity of diabetes in nanoemulgel preparations of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) with its extract in male rats wistar hyperglycemia. The study was divided into 4 groups each consisting of 6 mice with diabetic wounds who got each a negative control group (glucose + nanoemulgel base), a positive control group (glucose + Madecassol 1%), a test group 1 (glucose + nanoemulgel, and a test group 2 (glucose + EDB). Treatment is carried out 2 times a day for 16 days. KGD measurements are carried out on the 0th, 1st, 5th, 14th and 21st days, and measurements of the diameter of the wounds are carried out on the 1st, 5th, 14th and 21st days. The KGD measurement results of the EDB nanoemulgel group decreased KGD by 52.91% on day 16 compared to the extract group which decreased by only 30.51% until the 16th day. The closure of the diabetic wounds of the EDB nanoemulgel group experienced closures of up to 52.91% compared to extracts that experienced closure of only 30.51% on day 16. The results of the one-way anova statistics showed a significant difference in the value of the decrease in kgd of the nanoemulgel preparation and its extract with the sig value. 0.045 and significant differences to the wound closure diameter of the diabetic EDB nanoemulgel group and its extract