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PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK METANOL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA MERAH (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) DENGAN VARIASI TEMPAT TUMBUH SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to determine the total phenolic content of Hibiscussabdariffa calyx in variations of growing area. Red Rosell calyxs were collected fromGlagah, Kediri, and Samigaluh. Phenolic compounds of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx wereextracted using maceration method with methanol. Total phenolics content weredetermined using visible spectrophotometry method with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. Theprinciple of this method is the formation of blue complex compound fromphospomolybdate-phosphotungstate reduced by phenolic compound in the basiccondition, which can be measured by spectrophotometry. Galic acid was used ascomperator in this research. Total phenolic content in red calyx Glagah, Kediri andSamigaluh were respectively 1.40 g GAE/100 g extract, SD 0.06 (n=12), 1.41 gGAE/100 g extract, SD 0.07 (n=12) dan 2.12 g GAE/100 g extract, SD 0.05 (n=15).Based on this results it could be concluded that growing area affected total phenoliccontent in the methanol extract of red calyx Rosell
PENGHAMBATAN AKTIVITAS XANTHINE OXIDASE OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata, Ness) SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFSambiloto root of which contained of flavonoids used by the people fortraditional medicine. In the previous publication, an effective xanthine oxidaseinhibitory activity of flavonoids was reported. In research, in vitro xanthine oxidaseinhibitory activity of etanolic root extract of Andrographis paniculata was determinedand Allopurinol was used as a control. The etanolic extract was succesively extractedin a Soxhlet with petroleum eter. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by etanolic extract wasmeasured the decrease of uric acid production and monitored by spectrophotometer at295 nm with xanthine as substrat. The enzyme inhibitory activity was calculated, andthen IC50 was determined. The result of analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and MannWhitney at 95% confidental level . The flavonoids of etanolic extract were separated onusing by paper chromatography and the spot changing was determined using UV 366with and without amonia.The result of the research showed that the etanolic extract ofAndrographis paniculata inhibited xanthine oxidase activity with IC50 16,54 µg/mlwhile Allopurinol 4,29 µg/ml. The etanolic extract contained flavon or flavonol
FORMULASI VANISHING CREAM MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG JAHE (Zingiber officinale Roxb) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS REPELAN TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti BETINA
Get PDFThe essential oil of Ginger rhizome is a natural subtance which has been provedto have a repellent effect to the mosquito. The aim of this study was to know the effect ofthis subtance/these substances in vanishing cream dosage forms as repellant to thefemale Aedes aegypti mosquito. The essential oil of Ginger rhizome was isolated withaqueous vapor destillation. Then the result was determined for its physical properties,these were: viscosity, adhesivity, spreadibility and its repellant effect to mosquito aswell. The vanishing cream formulation, containing variation of the essential oilconcentration were prepared, these were: FI (formulation I), FII, FIII, FIV and FV,containing 6,25%, 12,5%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the essential oil respectivity. Eachformulas were tested for their physical properties were viscosity, adhesivity,spreadibility and its repellant effect to mosquito as well. The datas were analyzed.Statistically using SPSS version 16 with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and continued with thet-test (Mann-Whitney) (=0,05). The result showed that the duration of the adhesivityof FI was the longest than the others (1,37±0,15 minutes); the spreadibility of the FIwas widest (71,69±1,76 mm2), and the viscosity was the largert than others (27±0 cps).The repellant capasity of the FV was the longest than the others (47,3±1,80 minutes)
EVALUASI ADVERSE DRUG REACTION ANTIDIABETES BERDASARKAN ALGORITMA NARANJO DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA PERIODE DESEMBER 2011-JANUARI 2012
Get PDFThis study is aimed to evaluated the antidiabetic adverse reaction using theNaranjo algorithm for diabetes mellitus patients in PKU Muhammadiyah HospitalYogyakarta for period December 2011-January 2012. This study used descriptivemethod. The data was collected from the medical record and interviews from patientswith diabetes mellitus who had used antidiabetic drugs after 3 days. The data wereanalyzed using the Naranjo algorithm. The results showed that during the periodDecember 2011-January 2012 there were 17 male patients and 14 female patients withdiabetes mellitus. The antidiabetic drugs that used to patients were metformin,metformin combined with glibenclamide, metformin combined with insulin, thecombination with insulin and insulin glimepirid. Then, the study showed that Naranjoalgorithm method was not suitable for evaluation the antidiabetic adverse reaction fordiabetes mellitus patients in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta for periodDecember 2011-January 2012, because from 10 questions on the Naranjo algorithmthere were only 4 questions that could be answered. It's because there was not data toanswer questions. Research on the side effects cohort method should be done with theinterview and patient monitoring
KAJIAN INTERAKSI OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP RSU PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA PERIODE TAHUN 2010
Get PDFDrug interactions are one of the Drug Related Problems (DRPs) that may affectpatient treatment outcomes. Hypertension occurs in approximately 10% to 81.5% ofhemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence ofantihypertensive drug interactions in hemodialysis patients in the inpatient wards PKUMuhammadiyah Hospital of Yogyakarta period in 2010. This study descriptive design.Data retrieved retrospectively. Data retrieval were done by taking all the data thatmeet the criteria of existing research on the medical records of hemodialysis patients inPKU Muhammadiyah Hospital of Yogyakarta who received antihypertensive withabove normal blood pressure (= 130/80 mmHg). Data were analyzed based on thedescriptive level of significance, onset, and severity. The results showed that there were54.79% (40 patients) of 73 hemodialysis patients potentially experienced druginteractions. Antihypertensive drugs most widely used in hemodialysis patients wereACEI, CCB, and diuretics. Incidence of antihypertensive drug interactions 27 cases(45.76% were most common at a significance level 3, 48 cases (81.36%) were onsetdelayed, and the severity minor of 44 cases (74.58%). The mechanism of interactionspharmacodynamic were 37 cases (62.71%) of the total 59 events that have druginteractions. Drugs often interactions were furosemide and captopril
RESIDU PESTISIDA PIRETROID PADA BAWANG MERAH DI DESA SRIGADING KECAMATAN SANDEN KABUPATEN BANTUL
Get PDFPyrethroid pesticide residue in onion from Srigading Village, Sanden District,Bantul Regency has been investigated. The purpose of this study were to analyze,identificate and evaluate pyrethroid pesticide residues in onion. Onion sample wasextracted using homogenizer with acetone solvent. Clean-up was done usingchromatography column using florisil and determination of pesticide residue in thesamples was carried out by gas chromatography apparatus equipped with electroncapture detector (GC-ECD). The result showed that pesticide residues in onion samplein the range level: -cypermethrin (98.8-245.6 ppb) and -cyhalothrin (14.4-120.0ppb). The following pesticides have been detected in some of samples of onion analysed,but they have been detected above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL)
PENGARUH UMUR DAN PENYAKIT PENYERTA TERHADAP RESIKO INFEKSI LUKA OPERASI PADA PASIEN BEDAH GASTROINTESTINAL
Get PDFSurgical Site Infection/SSI is the result of the contamination of bacteria whichenter the body during surgery. High risk of SSI is occured in gastrointestinal surgeryand influenced by the characteristics of the patients such as age and comorbidity sincethey deal with immunity system of the body. The research was aimed to identity theinfluence of age and comorbidity to the high risk of SSI in gastrointestinal surgerypatients. The research was a cross sectional research conducted prospectively at PKUMuhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta from January to March 2012. The researchsubjects were all inpatients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, having visiblesurgical site and using antibiotic to prevent surgical site infection. There are 68patients in the research. Data that were analyzed comprised the characteristics ofpatients such as age and congenital disease to the risk of surgical site infection. Theresult of this research indicated that 2 patients (2,94%) suffering SSI. Based on the age,SSI happened to 2 patients in the age range of 41-60 years old. However, based on thestatistical result, there was no correlation between age and the existence of SSI(p>0.05). SSI also occured in 2 patients with comorbidity. However, there wascorrelation between the existence of comorbidity and SSI (p<0.05)
PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM BENZOAT DALAM BEBERAPA MERK DAGANG MINUMAN RINGAN SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI ULTRAVIOLET
Get PDFBenzoic acid is one of the synthetic preservatives, work effectively at pH 2.5 to4.0, therefore it is widely used in acidic food or drink. This study aims to determinebenzoic acid content in some soft drink products, their conformity with Permenkes RINo.722/Menkes/Per/IX/88 on food additives, and to find out if there were any varianceof benzoid acid content in a different kinds of soft drink products.Determination of benzoid acid levels was performed by ultravioletspectrophotometry following solvent extraction of the benzoid acid with chloroform.Qualitatively, it was found that all of the sample contained benzoid acid. Quantitatively,the amount of benzoid acid in sample A was 227,73 mg/kg of materials; sample B was182,38 mg/kg of materials; sampel C was 259,52 mg/kg of materials; sample D was325,01 mg/kg of materials; sample E was 357,33 mg/kg of material. The resultindicated that there were variance of benzoid acid content in different soft drinkproducts. The use of benzoic acid in soft drinks was lower compaired to that ofPermenkes RI No.722/Menkes/Per/IX/88 (600 mg/kg of materials)
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTI HIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS
Get PDFThe intervention led to various complications in dialysis patients include hypertension intradialitik as a result of hemodynamic changes.The phenomenon of the paradox of which caused activation of endogenous vasopresor due to changes in volume status and antihypertensive medication terdialisisnya factor. This study aims to determine patterns of use of antihypertensive drugs, evaluating the rationality and side effects of antihypertensive drugs based on literarur. This study was performed with the patient’s condition based on the observation of patients to see medical records drug data, laboratory data of patients and patient’s condition.Retrospective study of hemodialysis patients in the hospital PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta year period from 2009 to 2010.Patients according to inclusion criteria, anti-hypertensive drug receipts and complete medical record data.Evaluation of rationality involves the use of antihypertensive drugs right dose, right patient and side effects based on the Drug Information Hand Book 2005, Handbook of Clinical Drug Data, 2002. The study found 60 patients who fit the inclusion criteria.Based on the research patterns of use of antihypertensive drugs in patients with hemodialysis is captoril, furosemide, nifedipine, lisinopril, amlodipine, valsatran and clonidin. Evaluation rationality inappropriate use of drugs dose use of captopril 11 patients of 34 patients and furosemide 18 patients from 52 patients, inappropriate use of captopril patients was 9 patients of 34 patients.Side effects that occur in patients with hypokalemia due to the use of furosemide is 40 patients, cough due to captopril was 13 patients, side effects of nifedipine gastrointestinal disorders cough and 11 patients, 5 patients cough lisinopril.Conclusion:he use of antihypertensive medications in hemodialysis patientsat RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is rational
FORMULASI VANISHING CREAM MINYAK ATSIRI SERE (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf) DAN UJI SIFAT FISIKNYA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS REPELAN TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti BETINA
Get PDFEssential oil of sere leaf has been proven as repellant against mosquitoes. This research aims to know about the influence of concentration sere essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf) in a vanishing cream bases to physical properties and repellant testing against female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Essential oil of sere (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf) was isolated with steam water distillation and was evaluated the organoleptic appearance and refraction index. Furthermore, the essential oils were formulated in a vanishing cream base with the different formulas, contain formula I: 20% v/w; formula II: 30% v/ w and formula III: 40% v / w. Then this three formulas were evaluated for physical properties including adhesive, dispersive and the repellent activity testing against female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes amount of twenty mosquitoes per cage while seven female volunteers as the probandus. The data have been analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test (Main-Whitney), with 95% signifancy level. The results were obtained that the adhesion of formula I: 0.90 ± 0.029 seconds, formula II: 0.60 ± 0.017 seconds, formula III: 0.46 ± 0.040 seconds, while the dispersion of formula I is 64.89 ± 4.559 cm2 , the formula II is 64.71 ± 4.600 cm2 and the formula III is 54.96 ± 14.783 cm2 . The longest time repellent was formula III showed 3014.2 ± 20.163 seconds or 50.23 minutes. It was concluded that the increase of concentration essential oils of sere leaf followed by the increase of repellant activity