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KINETIKA ADSORPSI-REDUKSI ION Au(III) PADA ASAM HUMAT HASIL ISOLASI DARI TANAH GAMBUT RAWA PENING
Get PDFIsolation of peat soil humic acid and its application for adsorption reduction of Au(III) have beenconducted. Humic acid was isolated from peat soil that was collected from Rawa Pening, Central Java. Isolation ofhumic acid from peat soil was based on conventional alkaline extraction method. Humic acid was extracted frompeat soil with NaOH 0.1 M, then precipitated with 0.1 M HCl, and purified with 0.1 M HCl/0.3 M HF 1/1. Theisolated humic acid was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, then applied for adsorption and reduction process ofAu (III).Adsorption kinetics on adsorption reduction process of Au (III) also were studied. The gold metal formedwas confirmed by XRD diffractogram, and photo optical microscope. The adsorption rate constant (k) withSantosa kinetics model for humic acid is 0.0065 min-1.Peaks of gold particles in the difractogram are 2 = 38, 44,and 64
POLA PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK POST OPERASI PADA PASIEN YANG MENJALANI OPERASI GASTROINTESTINAL
Get PDFGastrointestinal surgery is a surgery that has a high risk of the incidence of surgical wound infection (ILO).Surgical wound infection is the result of bacterial contamination when the operation happens. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the pattern of post operative antibiotics usage in patients undergone gastrointestinalsurgery at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul. The result of this study was expected to be useful as a sourceof information on patterns of post operative antibiotics that used, as well as for a base for next studies. This studywas a descriptive non-experimental research that prospectively held at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul YogyakartaHospital. Subjects for this study were all patients who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery, which hospitalizedat PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. As for the inclusion criteria inthis study i.e., patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, patients undergo hospitalization, as well aspatients that use antibiotics for ILO's prevention. The data analyzed was data of patterns on antibiotics usage thatused to prevent ILO incident. Based on this study showed that the usage of the most widely used post operativeantibiotics is a combination of Ceftriaxon and Cefadroxil as many as 28 patients (47,46%). Intravenous antibioticsthat mostly used is Ceftriaxon as many as 43 patients (6,29%), whereas for the most of oral antibiotics isCefradoxil as many as 45 patients (76,27%)
PENGARUH NATTOKINASE TERHADAP DAYA KERJA Metformin HCl DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR
Get PDFInteraction of modern drug and traditional drug is an issue that needs to beexamined, not least in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Nattokinase is a nutraceuticalproduct that can be used in conjunction with antidiabetic oral drugs that allows theinteraction. This study aims to determine the effect of Nattokinase against their powerMetformin HCl in decreasing of blood glucose levels male white rats (Rattusnorvegicus) Wistar. This study uses an oral glucose tolerance test with glucose loadingdose of 4.5 g/kg. Animals test used were white male Wistar rats aged 2-3 monthsweighing 150-200 g, 20 rats were divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of 5 rats.Group I as a negative control group was given tween 80 - span 80, group II as a positivecontrol group was given metformin HCl doses of 45 mg/kg, group III was givenNattokinase dose 300 mg/kgBB, group IV given nattokinase 300 mg/kgBB 1 hour thenwere given metformin HCl. 30 minutes later all treatment of groups were given glucose.When treatment is considered as a time at-0. The given of glucose is considered as thetime at-30. Blood sampling via the tail at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180. Blood glucose levelswas measured with the Easy Touch. The effect of decreasing blood glucose levelsindicated by the value of LDDK0-180 (Regional Area Under the Curve minute 0 tominute 180 of the graph time vs blood glucose levels). The data can be testedstatistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney with a level of 95%. The resultsshowed that administration of Metformin HCl after 1 hour administration Nattokinasecan be decreased 52.22% of Metformin HCl
EFEK SITOTOKSIK DAN PEMACUAN APOPTOSIS FRAKSI PETROLEUM ETER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TAPAK LIMAN (Elephantopus scaber Linn) TERHADAP SEL HELA
Get PDFElephantopus scaber Linn. has been reported to have cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells and thepotential to be developed as anticancer agent. This study aims was to determine the cytotoxic activity andapoptosis induction effect of petroleum ether fractions of ethanolic extract of (Elephantopus scaber Linn) leavesagainst cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Petroleum ether fraction was obtained by dissolving eyhanolic extract inpetroleum ether, and the soluble fraction was as petroleum ether fraction. The method used for cytotoxic activitytest was MTT test. The concentration series used were 2000; 1500; 1000; 800; 400; 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25and 3.125 mg/ml. The IC50 used as cytotoxic parameters. The apoptotic observations was conducted usingacridine orange and ethidium bromide. The study showed the IC50 of petroleum ether fraction of (Elephantopusscaber Linn) ethanolic extract was 185 ug/ml. The study also showed the potency to stimulate apoptosis in HeLacells
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ETANOL SEBAGAI PELARUT PENGEKSTRAKSI TERHADAP KADAR NAFTOKINON DALAM EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR KUKU (Lawsonia inermis L.)
Get PDFThe extract quality can be affected by the components and concentration of chemical compounds containedin the extract.Type and quantities of chemical compounds that are dissolved in the extraction process is stronglyinfluenced by the solvent extraction. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of concentration of ethanol assolvent extraction on naphthoquinone content in Henna leaves extract. The extraction method was done bymaceration for one hours with water, ethanol 50% , 70% , 90% and 95% v/v solvens of the dried Henna leavespowder. Each macerate was made 5 % w/v concentration and than was spotted 5 µL on plate of silica gel F 254 andeluted with mixture of chloroform - methanol (17:3 v/v) as mobile phase. The spots on chromathogram werescanning and measured the area under curve with TLC densitometer at maximum wave lenght. The results showedthat spot at Rf 0.31 had similar spectra with naphthoquinone standard and same maximum wavelength at 279 nm.The result of solvent optimization indicated that the best solvent extraction for Henna leaves was ethanol 50% v/vwith the highest naphthoquinone contentat 1.43 ± 0.1942% w/v
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PAPRIKA HIJAU (Capsicum annum L.)
Get PDFGreen paprica (Capsicum annum L.) is one of fruits which have contain–carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C, which have antioxidant activity. The aim of thisresearch is to know an antioxidant capacity of green paprica. An analysis of theantioxidant activity of this research used radical scavenging DPPH(1,1–difenil–2–pikrilhidrazil) method. The sample was preparated with maceration for4 days using methanol as the solvent. Crude extract was evaluated qualitatively using0,4 mM DPPH reagent. This result of qualitative analysis showed that green papricahave an antioxidant activity. Then, absorbance was measured using UV–Visspectrophotometer at wavelength of 517 nm. The result of this analysis obtained EC50value of green paprica was 0,3399 ± 0,01408 mg/ml
STANDARISASI PARAMETER NON SPESIFIK DAN PERBANDINGAN KADAR KURKUMIN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI RIMPANG KUNYIT
Get PDFTurmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) is one of the plants that contain curcumincompounds with various activity. Use of curcumin from turmeric is widely used in theform of ethanolic extract, but there are ballast substances that cause low levels ofcurcumin. This can be pursued with the manufacture of a purified of ethanolic extract.Ethanolic extract of turmeric was made by maceration using ethanolic 96%. Ethanolicextract soaked with hexane until the hexane phase is clear and purified extract obtainedis insoluble hexane phase. Curcumin levels determined using Thin LayerChromatography (TLC) method with the stationary phase silica gel 60 F and mobilephase of chloroform: ethanolic: glacial acetic acid (94: 5:1) and be analyzedquantitatively using densitometry with a maximum wavelength of 426 nm . The watercontent of the extract determined using toluene distillation method, ash and acidinsoluble ash content determined using gravimetric method. The statistic analysis withLSD showed significant differences of curcumin content and analysis of non-specificparameter values on ethanolic extract and purified extract
FORMULASI COLD CREAM PROPRANOLOL UNTUK PENGHANTARAN TRANSDERMAL DENGAN BASIS EMULSI YANG MENGANDUNG VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL)
Get PDFPropanolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that is used widely to overcome cardiovascular disorder.Development of propranolol in transdermal delivery is necessary to avoid the first pass metabolism that reducesthe active metabolite up to 15-23% left. This study was objected to determine the effect of VCO (Virgin CoconutOil) concentration as a base and penetration enhancer of propranolol in the cold cream preparation through rat skinmembrane in vitro. Variation concentration of VCO (0%, 14%, 28%, and 42%) was added to propanolol coldcream. Transdermal in vitro study was performed using vertical type diffusion cell with PBS pH 7,4 as receptormedia. The temperature was maintained at 35ºC with a constant stirring rate at 300 rpm. The transport wasconducted for 8 hours. Flux, efficiency, and lag time were calculated as responses. The results showed that flux atvarious concentration of VCO (0%, 14%, 28%, 42%) were 12,30; 14,13; 14,52; and 23,06 -1 cm-2respectively. The transport efficiency were 6,5x10-4; 7,5x10-4; 8,1x10-4; and 1,22x10-3 % cm-2 respectively. Thelag time were 1,13; 1,26; 1,11; and 0,92 hours respectively. It can be concluded that the VCO can be used mainlyas a base in the preparation of cold cream and can increase percutaneous permeation of propranolol significantly(p <0.05). VCO concentration of 42% has the highest performance
EFEK PROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KATARAK TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI SODIUM SELENIT
Get PDFCataract is one of the eye pathology that can cause blindness. Oxidative stresshas been identified as an initiating factor of cataract. The objective research was tostudy the protective effect of ethanol extract Centela asiatica toward cataract formationon Wistar rat induced by sodium selenite. Cataract was induced in 9 days old Wistarrat, which 5 groups of 7 each. Group I got injection aquadest and the test groups gotinjection CMC-na (group II), vitamin E dose 378 IU/kg bw (group III), ethanol extractGotu cola herb dose 100 mg/kg bw (group IV), and 200 mg/kg bw (group V), 400mg/kgbw, subcutaneously, respectively, for 3 days. After 4 hours, all rats got injection asingle dose 50 ug/kg of BW sodium selenite intraperitoneally. Then eyes were observedin all groups on postnatal day 16, when the eyes of the rat first opened. Then percentageof cataract incidence were calculated. Finally, rats were executed and eyes were takenfor lens histophatological analyses with hematoxiline eosin staining. Based onmacroscopic and microscopic analyses it can be concluded that ethano extract ofCentella asiatica had protective effect toward cataract formation on Wistar rat inducedby sodium selenite. The least cataract incidence was showed at dose 200 mg/kg bw
SINTESIS TURUNAN ASETOFENON DARI 1-(4-ASETOKSIFENIL-3-METOKSI)-2-PROPANIL FORMAT
Get PDFThe Synthesis of acetophenone derivative from 1-(4-acetoxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-propanyl formate through Fries Rearrangement in order to produceortho hidroxy acetophenone derivative as starting material of Flavanoid compound hasbeen done. The reaction of 1-(4-acetoxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-propanyl formate wasdone by heating at 120 °C for 3 hours under AlCl3, dichloromethane as the catalyst andsolvent, respectively. The structure of the compound was identified using Infra Redspectrometry (IR) dan GC-MS. Fries rearrangement of 1-(4-acetoxyphenil-3-methoxy)-2-propanyl formate produce 1-(2-hyidroxy-3-methoxy-5-propenyl)-acetophenone and 1-(2-hyidroxy-3-methoxy-5-propanyl)-acetophenone as sideproduct with product rendemen were 43.26% and 9.48%, respectively