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Clearance profile of radioactive gold nanoparticle (198Au) conjugates-poliamidoamin generation 4-nimotuzumab ; potential radio-pharmaceutical theranostic agent
Get PDFTheranostic agents are agents that combine diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single agent. The presence of conjugated cancer which is therapeutic agents such as nimotuzumab monoclonal antibodies with radioactive gold nanoparticles stabilized with Polyamidoamine Generation 4 (PAMAM G4) dendrimer can actively interact with specific cancer cells. Radioactive gold (198Au) as a radiation transmitter β (961 keV) capable for killing cancer cells and (412 keV) γ rays that give a golden image in the body, thus acting as a theranostic agent. The purpose of this study was to obtain confident results of conjugate safety by observing the constituent clearance of 198AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab. The result of the conjugate clearance will be the reference for the metabolic state as a new, stable and complete radiofarmaka upon reaching the desired target. This study began with the synthesis of the conjugate of 198AuNp-PAMAM G4-nimotuzumab and then tested the clirens and analyzed the results of urine and mouse feces that had been injected with conjugate. Total clearance was obtained about 47.38% of the 198AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab conjugates that have been excreted through urine (18.26%) and stool (29.11%.). Urine and feces were analyzed with SDS-PAGE giving the spot above the 150 kDa band and showing the conjugate molecular weight. FTIR analysis of urine and feces by showing aldehyde functional groups (C = O), alcoholic groups (O-H), amine groups (C-N), and amine groups (N-H) indicating the presence of AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab conjugates in urine and mouse feces. The results of urine and fecal excretion of the conjugate are still conjugate-shaped supported by SDS PAGE analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer absorption analysis and functional group analysis with FTIR that has been conducted
Antitrombotik berdasarkan skor CHA2DS2-VASc dan skor HAS BLED terhadap pola pengobatan pada pasien stroke iskemik dengan fibrilasi atrium
No full textPendahuluan: Stroke yang berhubungan dengan fibrilasi atrium dan kardioemboli cenderung bermanifestasi lebih berat, berisiko tinggi berulang, serta mortalitasnya lebih tinggi. Pemberian antikoagulan lebih dianjurkan pada stroke iskemik dengan fibrilasi atrium sebagai upaya pencegahan, baik primer maupun sekunder. Skor stratifikasi CHA2DS2-VASc digunakan untuk menseleksi pasien pada risiko terkena stroke iskemik untuk pemilihan antitrombotik yang tepat, pada risiko untuk terjadinya perdarahan skor HAS BLED digunakan sehingga dapat mengurangi kekhawatiran dokter dalam menggunakan antikoagulan. Penelitian sebelumnya sangat terbatas sehingga diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendukung pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui penggunaan antitrombotik berdasarkan pada skor CHA2DS2-VASc dan skor HAS BLED terhadap pola pengobatan pada pasien stroke dengan fibrilasi atriumMetode: penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional). Sampel diperoleh dari stroke registry dan rekam medis dari pasien di Poli Saraf Rumah Sakit Bethesda Yogyakarta pada tahun 2009-2016. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat.Hasil: data diperoleh dari 77 pasien stroke iskemik dengan fibrilasi atrium yang terdiri dari 33 laki-laki (42.8%)  dan 44 perempuan (57.1%), proporsi terbesar ada pada pasien berusia >70 tahun (33.3%). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan antiplatelet ada pada 71 (92.2%) pasien, penggunan antikoagulan 6 (7.7%) pasien, serta nilai skor CHA2DS2-VASc 0=3 (3.8%), 1=18 (22.5%), ≥2=56 (70.1%), pada skor HAS BLED 0=7 (8.8%), 1=27 (33.8%), 2=29 (36.3%), 3=13 (16.3%), 4=1 (1.3%)Kesimpulan  : skor CHA2DS2-VASc dan skor HAS BLED belum mempengaruhi penggunaan antitrombotik pada pasien stroke iskemik dengan fibrilasi atrium di RS Bethesda YagyakartaKata Kunci   : Stroke iskemik, skor CHA2DS2-VASc, skor HAS BLED, Fibrilasi atrium.Â
Cytotoxic effect of 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione compound from the bark of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) in breast cancer cells T47D
Get PDFFaloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is used empirically by residents of East Nusa Tenggara for drug plant. The information of the active compound contained in the faloak bark yet specifically published. This study aims to determine the active compound contained in the faloak bark that have cytotoxic activity to T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction process using maceration method, isolation process using gradien isolation method, elusidation using combination of information of IR spectra, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and LC-MS, and cytotoxic activity test on T47D breast cancer cells using MTT method. The isolation result obtained that isolate of naphthoquinone derivative compound is 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho [1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione with IC50 value on T47D breast cancer cell was 9,88 µg/mL and with an index selectivity value was 30,23.Â
In vitro penetration of alpha arbutin niosome span 60 system in gel preparation
Get PDFAlpha arbutin is a hydrophilic compound which is difficult to pass trough the stratum corneum. One of the effort to increase the penetration of the drug through the stratum corneum is by making in niosome system. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of span 60 to improve the entrapment efficiency of niosome and investigate the increasing penetration of alpha arbutin using the niosome system in the preparation of the gel in vitro. Niosome consist a mixture of span 60 and cholesterol it made by thin layer hydration method. Concentration of span 60 was varied into three formulas were 100, 150 and 200 µmoL. The formulation of gel was made in two formulas including formulation of niosome alpha arbutin and alpha arbutin in gel. The determination of enterapment efficiency showed that formula 100µmol has an optimum enterapment efficiency by 99.09%±0.1. The in vitro penetration tests with shed snake skin membrane showed that usage span 60 as a niosome composer could increase penetration of alpha arbutin in gel formulation with cumulative numbers of diffusion in 8 hours was 91.62%±2.32 compared to alpha arbutin in gel without niosome system about 73.00%±0.94.7
Comparison of antioxidant activities from four species of piper
Get PDFSome species from Piper genus were known for traditional medicine and ornamental plant. Previous studies showed that Piper betle and Piper acre had antioxidant activities. But, the study of antioxidant activity from other species of Piper was still limited. Because of that, the purposes of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity, and total flavonoid content of Piper nigrum, Piper aduncum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper crocatum. Extraction was done by gradient maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were concentrated by rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free scavenging method. Total flavonoid determination was done by colorimetry method using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a reagent. The result showed that the IC50 values of Piper nigrum, Piper aduncum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper crocatum were ranged between 58-1249 μg/mL. The total flavonoid values of all extracts were between 1.4-8.3 mg QE/100 mg. The extract which had the strongest antioxidant activity was the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum with an IC50 value was  57.72 μg/mL. The highest values of total flavonoid was showed by the ethanol extract of Piper aduncum which was 8.3 mg QE/100 mg extract
Efek perlindungan kombinasi kuersetin dan omega-3 terhadap sel β pankreas tikus dm tipe 2
Get PDFDiabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang menyebabkan kerusakan sel termasuk pankreas. Kuersetin danomega-3 telah diteliti sebagai terapi tambahan pada DM karena dapat menurunkan stres oksidatif dan mencegah kerusakan sel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek kombinasi kuersetin dan omega 3 dalam melindungi sel β pankreas dari kerusakan pada tikus DM. Subyek terdiri dari 28 ekor tikus, dibagi menjadi 1 kelompok sehat dan 6 kelompok DM tipe 2 (4 ekor perkelompok). Bahan uji adalah kuersetin dosis 5, 20 dan 80 mg/kgBB/hari dan omega-3 dosis 25, 100 dan 400 mg/kgBB/hari peroral selama 4 minggu. Setelah perlakuan, jaringan pankreas diambil untuk pengecatan hematoksilin-eosin dan dihitung persentasekerusakannya.Pada penelitian ini, kombinasi kuersetin 80 mg/kgbb/hari dan omega-3 400 mg/kgbb/hari menurunkan tingkat kerusakan sel Β pankreas paling baik secara bermakna (p<0,05) dari pada kombinasi dosis lebih kecil maupun kuersetin saja atau omega-3 saja. Jadi kombinasi kuersetin 80 mg/kgbb/hari dan omega-3 400 mg/kgbb/hari menurunkan tingkat kerusakan sel β pankreas paling baik secara bermakna jika dibandingkan kombinasi dosis lebih kecil maupun tanpa kombinasi.Kata Kunci: Kuersetin, omega-3, diabetes melitus tipe-2, histologi sel β pankreas, hematoksilin-eosin
Pengaruh penambahan sukrosa terhadap mutu sabun transparan dari ekstrak etanol herba pegagan (Centella asiatica L.)
No full textCentella asiatica is a kind of herbs which contains antioxidant that be trusted to overcome of various skin problems such as keloids, cellulite, and black stains. One of the additional ingredients used to make the transparent soap is sucrose or frequently called white sugar. In the process of making the transparent soap, white sugar is served to help the transparency of soap. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of increasing the sucrose toward the degree of the transparency of the soap, stability of physical properties before and after storage for eight weeks and find out the skin response towards the soap by doing irritability test towards some respondents. Pegagan extract transparent soap is varied with the concentration of sucrose 11 %, 13%, and 15 %. The soap which is produced is conducted with a series of tests of physical characteristics include transparency, pH, water content, and the stability of the foam. The results showed that the addition of sucrose affects the level of transparency and soapy water levels and no effect on pH and foam stability. Irritation test of the respondents showed most respondents did not become irritated. The stability of the physical characteristic of the form of the soap is good because during eight weeks of the usage there are no significan
Pakan banyu (Croton argyratus Blume) stembark ethanol extract effectiveness to total spermatogenic cells of white male rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFStembark of Pakan Banyu (Croton argyratus Blume) empirically used as traditional contraception. The stembark contained active substances as steroids, saponins and alkaloids tannins alleged antifertillity for men. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of Pakan Banyu stembark ethanol extract to the total number of spermatogonium cells, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in male rats. This study was an experimental research design posttest only control group design using 20 male rats into 4 groups of 5 mice. The control rats were used in treatment group, the rats were given the pakan banyu stembark extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 500 mg / kg with 0.5% CMC Na suspending agent. The treatment was given orally for 15 days at the 16th days surgery was done to the testicles organs, then microanatomy preparations were made using paraffin method and using HE colour. Analysis of data using One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis with 95% confidence level. The results showed that there is no effect of Pakan Banyu stembark ethanol extract against spermatogonium cells, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa.Â
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.) by DPPH radical scavenging method
Get PDFYellow paprika (Capsicum annuumL.) is one of fruit that contains of carotenoid compounds as an antioxidant. This reasearch was aimed to know an antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika with 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The fresh yellow paprika was determined of its loss of drying by gravimetric. The yellow paprika extract was obtained by maceration using methanol as solvent. The content of β–carotene from this extract was analyzed qualitively by thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from yellow paprika was determined base on measurement of residual DPPH by UV–Vis spectrophothometric at wavelength of 515.6 nm. The data was used to calculate % inhibition. Furthermore, IC50 value was determined to know potency of its antioxidant. The result of loss of drying yellow paprika fruit was obtained 6.33 ± 0.02 %. The analysis with thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that this fruit was contain of β–carotene. The result of antioxidant activity analysis from yellow paprika fruit was obtained IC50 value of 0.3028 ± 0.0093 mg/mL. The result of the research showed that the antioxidant potency of yellow paprika was less than β–carotene (IC50 0.0852 ± 0.0009 mg/mL)
Penelusuran aktivitas antibakteri, antioksidan, dan sitotoksik fungi endofit genus fusarium sp. diisolasi dari daun meniran (Phyllantus niruri Linn.)
No full textEndophytic fungi used as a new resource to produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic fraction of the separation ethyl acetate extract of mycelium of endophytic fungi genus Fusarium sp. Diethyl ether fraction showed high antibacterial activity in E.coli (20,75 µg/mL), S.typhi (35,08 µg/mL), and S.aureus (51,96 µg/mL). Test showed that the antioxidant activity of ethanol 96% fraction has highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (75,85 ± 0.87 mg GAE). Cytotoxic test on T47D breast cancer cells showed that the fraction of diethyl ether have highest activity with IC50 of 10,16 ± 0,88 µg /mL