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Evaluation of adherence, distress and quality of life for type 2 diabetes melitus patients In Puskesmas Wedarijaksa I and Puskesmas Trangkil Kabupaten Pati
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is chronic disease that needs the complex and a long term medical treatment. Patient adherence and level of distress can affect patient quality of life. The purposes of this study is to examine patients adherence, distress, and quality of life patients type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kabupaten Pati. This study used cross sectional design and data patients collection techniques were conducted prospective data. The subjects of research were patients with Type 2 diabetes amounted to 126 people. Instruments used in this research is Medication Adherence Respon Scale (MARS) questionnaire to measure patients adherence, Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) to measure distress, and EQ-5D-5L questionnaire to measure quality of life. Data analysis statistic used Mann Whiney test, and linier regression. This study was dominated by female patients 78.6%. The mean age of DMT2 patients was 54.49 ± 6.19 years. The average value of adherence (MARS) was 21.33 ± 2.90 including in moderate adherence. The mean total of DDS score was 1,56±0,42 including not distress level and the highest is the emotional burden domain. The mean value of EQ5D5L index was 0.729 ± 0.161. The results showed a significant association (p <0.05) between patient characteristics age and duration of sick with adherence. There were significant association (p <0.05) between age to physician distress, gender with emotional, marital status with emotional and interpersonal distress, duration of sick to physician distress and management therapy distress. Marital status and income had significant relationship to quality of life. Emotional burden domain had significant relationship to quality of life. Multivariate analysis showed that the relationship of adherence and distress by the emotional burden to quality of life. This study concluded the significant relationship between adherence, distress and quality of life
Antifertility activities of srikaya leaves (Annona squamosa L.) ethanol extract against reproduction system : spermatogenesis and quality sperm study
No full textHas done research about antifertility activities of Srikaya leaves (Annona squamosa L.) ethanol extracts against reproduction system. There are classified into 4 groups: negative control (suspension PGA 1%), I dose (0.00448 g/200 g BW rat), II dose (0.00967 mg/200 g BW rat), and III dose (0.01934 mg/200 g BW rat). Administration of the test preparation is done orally for 48 days. Parameters observed were spermatogenesis and quality of sperm. Spermatogenesis parameters measured were testis index (%), seminiferous tubule diameter (µm), the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes cells. Spermatozoa quality parameters measured were sperm motility, concentration, and morphology. Study parameters were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that ethanol extract of Srikaya leaves can lower the index of the testis and seminiferous tubule diameter, decrease the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes cells significantly. The ethanol extract of Srikaya leaves can reduce sperm motility, concentration, and increasing abnormality significantly
Anti Inflammatory And Anti Bacterial Activity Of Sumbawa Oil
No full textSumbawa oil is a traditional ingredient that known as local wisdom of the island society of Sumbawa. It is believed to treat wounds, sprains, rheumatism, thrush and toothache. This study aims to determine the the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of sumbawa oil products based on the types of raw materials and its phytochemical compounds. There are 3 stages in this research, consists of collecting various trademark of sumbawa oil product, determining type of raw material and analysis of phytochemical compound, followed by pharmacological activity test (Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial). Anti-inflammatory test was performed by observing the decrease of percentage inflammation of 21 white rats in 7 groups of egg white injection treatment. Antibacterial test using TSA method by observing the inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The results showed that Sumbawa oil products are known to contain secondary metabolite compounds of saponins, Triterpenoids, steroids and Flavonoids. All samples of Sumbawa oil products showed anti-inflammatory activity based on a decrease in the percentage of inflammation in the white rats leg for 6 hours of observation. Sumbawa oil also shows antibacterial activity in the strong category and has a wide spectrum because it can inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria each of 11,83-14,67 mm and 10,67-12,33 mm. This study concluded that Sumbawa oil was shown to have antiinflamatory and antibacterial activity even though its value was still lower than standard drug
Neuropharmacological Activity of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus L.) Rhizome Fraction
Get PDFResearch in the area of herbal neuropharmacological effects has increased markedly over the past decades. This research was aimed to further investigate neuropharmacological properties of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes fraction by measuring hypnotic-siccative and anticonvulsant activities. The exploratory behavior test was performed using Hole Board method while motor coordination was assessed using Rotarod Test. The result showed that the 70% ethanol fraction of Cyperus rotundus rhizome in has significant (p <0,05) neuropharmacological activities. All three fractions tested (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane), the ethanol fraction showed the best hypnotic-sedative and anticonvulsant activities. Ethanol Cyperus rotundus rhizome fraction could decrease the duration of HLE equal to sodium valproate and potentiated the phenobarbital-induced sleep by decreasing the onset and prolonging the duration of sleep. The highest dose of 70% ethanol fraction of Cyperus rotundus rhizome (356.7 mg/kg) showed the best anxiolytic activity comparable to diazepam (p> 0.05). In conclusion, Teki ladang (Cyperus rotundus) rhizome appeared as potent neuropharmacological drug candidate with abilities comparable to synthetics drugs.Â
Formulation and test activities of hair tonic with a combination of the aqueous extracts of aloe vera ( Aloe vera L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Get PDFAloe vera contains lignin, folic acid, vitamin A, and 20 types of amino acids, while Glycyrrhiza glabra L. contains glycyrrhizin, steroids, and beta-glycyrrhetinic acid that benefit for hair health. This research aimed to produce hair tonic with the best activity from the combination of aloe vera and licorice extract. The phytochemicals in the aqueous extract of licorice and Aloe vera were screened. The hair tonic was then prepared with 3 formulas using 7.5% Aloe vera extract and 2.5% licorice extract, as well as 96% ethanol with varying percentages, namely 5, 10, and 15%. Afterward, the formulas were tested for their activity as hair fertilizer on 4 white male rabbits for 28 days. The evaluation of hair tonic preparation included organoleptic observation, pH, specific weight, viscosity, and hedonic tests. It measured hair growth rate, the acceleration of hair growth, and hair weight. The results showed that hair tonic containing a mixture of 7.5% of Aloe vera extract, 2.5% of licorice extract, and 96% ethanol with different percentages (i.e., 5, 10, and 15%) created a good hair fertilizer. Hair tonic prepared with 15% of 96% ethanol exhibited an optimum activity. It was characterized by brown color, distinctive odor, homogeneity, a specific weight of 1.0577 g/mL, a viscosity of 2.8479 cP to distilled water, and pH 5.5. Its effectiveness as hair fertilizer was evidenced by a hair growth rate of 2.6617 cm in 28 days, a hair growth acceleration of 0.1635 cm/day, and a hair weight of 0.1854 gram in 28 days
In silico toxicity prediction of 1-phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl) ethanol compounds by using Toxtree, pkCSM and preADMET
Get PDFThe 1-phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl) ethanol compounds are alkaloids of quinozoline class found in many Hydrangeaceae families. A survey revealed that most of the identified quinazolin derivatives have anticancer activity. Toxicity prediction of 1-phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl) ethanols were performed to obtain the best three compounds with high activity and the lowest toxicity. Toxicity prediction was conducted using Toxtree, pkCSM and PreADMET. 2D structure of compounds were formed using ChemDraw. The decision tree approach was used in Toxtree application with endpoints including Cramer rules, Kroes TTC, carcinogenicity (genotoxic and non genotoxic) and in vitro mutagenicity. Graph based signature was used in pkCSM application with endpoints including mutagenicity, maximum daily dose, LD50 and hepatotoxicity. In PreADMET application, a method based on drugs similarity and ADMET properties was used with endpoints including mutagenicity, carcinogenicity to rat and mice. The results of data analysis showed that the best three anticancer compounds that have high activity and the lowest toxicity are compounds 14, 16 and 19
Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan karir mahasiswa farmasi di Universitas Andalas
Get PDFScope of pharmacy practices as well as the role of pharmacist have been improving recently. Pharmacists have responsibility for doing the pharmacy practices, including pharmacist it self and also the technicians. According to PP 51 of the year 2009 it was known that pharmaceutical practices have vary of choice of carreer-field. This present study was a descriptive study which was conducted by survey method using stratified random sampling. The respondents of this study were 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students from Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University. The result showed that, in term of the profile of respondent, it was known that most of the students chose to work at industry of pharmacy of 48.2%, followed by hospital of 35.3%, University/Research Institute of 4.7%, pharmacy of 3.5%, pharmacy retail of 2.4% and others career-field (such as BPOM, civil servant at ministry of health and enterpreneur) up to 5.9%. Based on descriptive analysis, it was described that field of work was the most important criteria of affecting factors for pharmacy student in choosing their future career. The others important criterias those also afforded as the affecting factors were geographis, payment/income, flexibility of work-schedule, possibility of career-development and benefit, successively. As for result of independent sample t-test in term of gender, both of men and women chose same three main affecting factors in choosing career-field (including field of work, geographis as well as payment/income). The different result showed for 4th, 5th and 6th factors
Analysis of the utilization and cost of antibiotics at an intensive care unit in Surabaya
Get PDFThe appropriateness of antibiotic utilization including the compatibility when it was mixed with other pharmaceutical products are important factors determining the effectiveness and cost of antibiotics treatment among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this research was to figure out the antibiotics utilization, appropriateness, cost, and compatibility profile given to the inpatients of the intensive care unit in one hospital in Surabaya during November-December 2015. This research was prospective observational study using medical records as source of information. All patients’ data receiving antibiotics that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected and analyzed descriptively. There were 42 patients participated in this research. Analysis of antibiotic utilization profile revealed 46 usage (65.71%) of single antibiotics and 24 usage (34.29%) of combination antibiotics. The most frequently used of antibiotic in single usage was ceftriaxone (43.48%) while in combination were ceftazidime and levofloxacin (12.50%). There were 30 antibiotics treatment changes that 43.34% was classified as escalation process and there was no (0%) any switching from intravenous to oral therapy. Only 4 out of 15 patients with infection related diagnosis (26.67%) got appropriate antibiotic treatment. Moreover, result from compatibility analysis found that 13.96% admixtures between antibiotics and other intravenous pharmaceutical products did not have clear compatibility status. The average of antibiotic cost per-patient was Rp. 459.492 (min-max: Rp 15.852,- to Rp 8.314.914,-)
Formulation and antibacterial activity test toothpaste combination of triclosan-extract ethanol of suji leaves (Pleomele angustifolia N.E Brown)
Get PDFThe suji leaf are generally used by the community as a gargle to remove plaque. Toothpaste is one form of dosage suitable for oral health with triclosan active ingredients, but triklosan is corrosive, resistant to bacteria, and decrease the hormonal system, especially the thyroid hormone. The aim of this research is to know the effect of the addition of variation of the concentration of combination of triclosan-ethanol extracts of suji leaf (T-EESL) on toothpaste preparation to the chemical characteristics, antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans. The ethanol extract of 70% of suji leaf was obtained by maceration method, then made toothpaste preparation with variation of T-EESL combination of FI (1:0), FII (0,5:0,5), FIII (0:1). Toothpaste was tested chemical physics characteristics (organoleptic, viscosity, pH, and foam power), antibacterial activity test. The test results are analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the research obtained it can be concluded that the results of testing the physical physics of chemistry showed the results that all toothpaste formulas meet the physical characteristics of chemical toothpaste. T-EESL toothpaste (0.5:0,5) (FII) has strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans so it can be used as an alternative to the existing dosage preparation in the market with triclosan active substance. Â
Gambaran medication error pada fase prescribing dan administrasi pada pengobatan stroke di Igd rumah sakit X di Yogyakarta
Get PDFStroke murupakan keadaan gawat darurat yang memerlukan penanganan dengan cepat dan tepat di IGD, namun kenyataannya sering dilaporkan kejadian medication error (ME) di IGD. Keterbatasan waktu, kondisi klinis pasien dan kondisi Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan faktor yang diduga berkaitan dengan peningkatan kejadian ME di IGD. Belum diketahui dengan pasti berapa kejadian ME pasien stroke di IGD rumah sakit X dengan keterbatasan sarana prasarana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan gambaran kejadian ME di IGD RS daerah dengan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana di rumah sakit X.Telah dilakukan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pengambilan data pasien secara prospektif pada bulan Desember 2014 – April 2015 di IGD Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta. Didapatkan sebanyak 106 pasien dengan kriteria inklusi subjek adalah pasien dengan diagnosis stroke non hemoragik maupun stroke hemoragik, baik dengan penyakit penyerta maupun tanpa penyakit penyerta. Dirawat dalam ruangan IGD di Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta pada periode penelitian yaitu selama Desember 2014 – April 2015 dan bersedia terlibat sebagai responden dalam penelitian. Data obat dan riwayat pengobatan diambil dari catatan rekam medis. Peneliti melakukan wawancara dengan pasien atau keluarga pasien untuk melengkapi data riwayat pengobatan. Dari data tersebut dilakukan kajian terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi (cara pemberian) berdasarkan PERDOSSI. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisa monovariat untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik umum pasien (gambaran demografi), karakteristik klinik pasien serta gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME. Data gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME disajikan secara deskriptif (persentase).Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah jumlah pasien yang berusia lebih dari 60 tahun sebanyak 67 pasien (63,2%). Sebanyak 85,8% pasien didiagnosis stroke non hemoragik dan sisanya sebanyak 14,2% didiagnosis stroke hemoragik. ME terjadi pada 104 pasien (98,1%). Distribusi kejadian ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi per pasien adalah 28 pasien mengalami satu kejadian ME, 48 pasien mengalami dua kejadian ME, Sebanyak 20 pasien yang mengalami tiga kejadian ME, 8 pasien mengalami empat kejadian ME. Total kejadian medication error yang terjadi sebanyak 216 dari 106 pasien dengan nilai rata-rata 2 kejadian error per pasien. Medication error di fase prescribing sebanyak 98,11% dan medication error di fase administrasi sebanyak 61,32%.Kata kunci : Stroke, geriatri, medication error, prescribing, administrasi