Pharmaciana
Not a member yet
486 research outputs found
Sort by
The gel formulation of the aqueous phase of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract with various combinations of HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934
Get PDFGel is a clear and semi-solid material, translucent and contains active material. The liquid phase of Ekstrak Ikan Gabus contains reactive Albumin benefits to advance the wound-healing process. HPMC and carbopol is the gelling agent uses to form gel material. This research aims to acknowledge the effect of basic combination variety (gelling agent) towards physical and chemical stability of gel material during liquid phase of Ekstrak Ikan Gabus in length of period 28 days. Variety of HPMC: Carbopol used, 25:75%, 50:50%, and 75:25%. Physical and chemical test conducted they are, organoleptic test, dispersion test, bonding strength test and pH test. The result is analyzed through one-way ANOVA and continued by LSD test with validity 95%. The whole formula is resulted a stable physical and chemical during 28 days. The higher the consentration of HPMC the the better its physic and chemistry stability. The best and optimum formula was shown by F3 (75:25%), with a stable organoleptic result during 28 days, homogen, the result of the dispere power weight 50 g (±14,517 cm2) weight 100 g (±16,169 cm2) weight 150 g (±16,957 cm2 ) and the average weight is (±15,881 cm2), the sticky power (±2301,78 second) and pH (±6,42) in which can be considered safe for skin
The effect of concentration variation of ethanolic extract from potato peels (Solanum tuberosum L.) on the physical properties and antibacterial activity of gels against Propionibacterium acnes
Get PDFGel is a semisolid dosage form that consumers prefer because of its cool sensation. This research aimed to identify the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extract from potato peels on the physical properties and the antibacterial activities of the resultant gels against Propionibacterium acnes. The gel was prepared with three formulas using a variety of potato peel concentrations, namely 50%, 60% and 70%. Its physical properties were analyzed based on organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, and spreadability. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of potato peels affected the color and viscosity of the gel. However, no effects were detected on shape, smell, pH, and spreadability. All formulas showed strong inhibitory capacity against Propionibacterium acnes
The formulation of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus granule with acacia and sodium alginate as binding agents
Get PDFProbiotics are living microorganisms that can have a positive impact on health when consumed in adequate amounts. This research aimed to determine the effect of different binders on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a member of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The probiotic granules were prepared with wet granulation method using mannitol as the filling ingredient. Formulas I-III used acacia as a binder (3%, 4%, and 5%), while Formulas IV-VI used sodium alginate (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The probiotic granules produced from all formulas were evaluated for flow time, the angle of repose, compressibility, and LAB viability. The LAB viability test results showed that all of the six formulas met the probiotic requirements, i.e., at least 107 CFUs (Colony Forming Units) per gram. The viable LAB in Formulas I-VI were 3.94x107, 4.4x107, 2.7x107, 2.6x107, 3.5x107, and 2.3x107 CFU/g, respectively. The data were analyzed by comparing the average values of the One-Sample T-Test results, followed by Mann-Whitney test. The results revealed that each formula had different capacity in maintaining the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus with different binders (i.e., acacia and sodium alginate) as a probiotic product. Formula II (4% of acacia) produced probiotic granules that met the requirements of compressibility and the angle of repose. However, its granular flow time exceeded the standard
The potentiation effect of Bawang Dayak (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) extract on T47D cell growth inhibition after 5-fluorouracil treatment
Get PDF5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is chemotherapy agents that used in breast cancer treatment that has toxic effects such as myelotoxicity. its effectiveness relatively low. Bawang Dayak has been widely empirically used as a breast cancer treatment. This study's aims were to determine the sensitivity of 5-FU against T47D cells, as single and its combination with EBD, to determine apoptotic induction, and the inhibitory effect of T47D cell cycle. The cytotoxic assay was using the MTT method with the concetration of 5-FU (0-600μg / mL) and EBD (0-250μg / mL). Apoptotic induction analysis were determined by PI/annexin V. Both of apoptotic and cell cycle analysis was performed by flowcytometry. The results of the 5-FU and EBD cytotoxic test on T47D cells obtained IC50 274μg/mL and 75μg/mL, respectively. The combination of 5-FU and EBD has a mild to strong synergistic effect (CI 0.829 and 0.779). its ombined treatment induced apoptosis in T47D cells by 21.33%. Combination of these combinations caused cell accumulation in G0-G1 phase of 57.11%, greater than control (41.20%). Provision of 5-FU and EBD combination treatments causes disturbance and damage to cells that cause cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase and can not proceed to the next phase. The combination of 5-fluorouracil and EBD has a synergistic effect as breast cancer co-chemotherapy is able to induce apoptosis against T47D cells by triggering cell accumulation in G0-G1 phase. The extract of Bawang Dayak has a high potential to be developed as co-chemotherapy in breast cancer
Detoxification of 1,2-dihydroxy- 4-allylbenzene, a major phenolic compound in Piper betle, through glucuronidation using S9 protein of rat liver (Sprague Dawley)
Get PDF1,2-dihydroxy- 4-allylbenzene (DHAB) is a major compound in Piper betle leaf and also a metabolite of safrole metabolism. Epidemilogic studies showed people who have betel quid chewing habit are related to the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis and/or tumor formation. The aims of this research was to study the detoxification through the glucuronidation of DHAB using S9 protein of male rat liver  (Sprague Dawley) and a co-factor of uridin 5′-diphosphoglucuronide acid (UDPGA). The results showed that glucuronidation of DHAB using S9 protein of rat liver resulted two isomers of glucuronide metabolites due to the availibility of two active hydroxyl groups that one of them can bind glucuronide but not two of hydroxyl at the same time
Formulation and evaluation of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres at different amount of drug
Get PDFThis research formulate erythropoietin-alginate microspheres and to evaluate characteristics of erythropoietin-alginate microspheres at different amount of drug using aerosolization. Amount of erythropoietin are 10.000 IU (F1); 20.000 IU (F2); 60.000 IU (F3). The mixture of erythropoietin-alginate was sprayed into CaCl2 and was stirred at 1000 rpm for 30 minutes. Formulas resulted spherical shape of microspheres. The size of microspheres was 2.77 µm for F1; 3.89 µm for F2; and 4.42 µm for F3. The results of swelling index showed that swelling index of microspheres increased by increasing the concentration of erythropoietin. The results were in accordance with the size of the microspheres that increased with increasing concentration of drug. The yields of microspheres obtained were respectively 91.92%; 87.53%; 86.50% for F1, F2 and F3. It can be concluded that the particle size of microspheres, swelling index increased by increasing concentration of erythropoietin. In contrast, yield of microspheres decreased by increasing drug concentration. In conclusion, formula of microspheres were potential in terms of characteristics and may recommend for further in vivo study.Â
Chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of sodium benzoate and citric acid in beverage products
Get PDFThe development and validation of chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometry have been successfully performed for determination of sodium benzoate and citric acid that have overlapping of ultra violet absorption spectra. The study aimed to develop, validate, and apply spectrophotometric method with chemometrics approach for determination of both compounds in beverage products simultaneously. The analytical method was performed by making a calibration model using 16 training sets and 10 test sets of mixed solution followed by absorbance measurenment at wavelength of 190 nm up to 400 nm. In addition, the absorbance data was processed by multivariate calibration models of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square-1 (PLS-1) and validated internally and externally to obtain optimum model. Validation of analytical methods was done by evaluating some parameters such as linearity and ranges, accuracy, precision, detection limits and quantification limits. The results showed that the optimum wavelength was 235 nm to 250 nm for sodium benzoate and 220 nm to 240 nm for citric acid with the selected optimum principal components (PCs) value were 6 (PCR) and 4 (PLS-1) for sodium benzoate and PCs 2 (PCR and PLS-1) for citric acid. The parameters of the analytical method validation developed were suitable and the analytical methods could be applied for the determination of the sodium benzoate and citric acid contents simultaneously in the beverage products.Â
Evaluation of erythropoietin therapy in hemodialysis patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta
Get PDFMost of the patients with end-stage renal disease who undergo hemodialysis receive erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for anemia treatment. Anemia with EPO deficiency is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). EPO therapy is expected to improve anemia and quality of life of patients. This analytic observational study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. It aimed to identify the difference in red blood cell profiles, namely hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and quality of life of CKD patients on EPO and non-EPO therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were PGK ICD N18.9 outpatients who received hemodialysis therapy at this hospital and were literate, able to understand the questionnaire, and willing to be a respondent. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between the red blood cells (Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC) of the EPO and non-EPO therapy groups. The correlation between the EPO and the quality of life of patients in all of the KDQOL domains was p> 0.05. Aside from the insignificant difference between the EPO and non-EPO therapy groups, the research concluded that there was no correlation between either the EPO or the non-EPO therapy with the quality of life of hemodialysis patients
Total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Etlingera elatior extract and nanoparticle
Get PDFDespite the long and wide application, traditional medicine is known for its minimum efficacy. Nanoparticle technology has reported to optimally address this weakness by enhancing the ability of the medicine to penetrate the biological membrane and, thereby, increasing the absorption. In this research, Etlingera elatior (ginger flower) extract, which has antioxiandt activity, was formulated into nanoparticles with ionotropic gelation method using chitosan (0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) and 0.01% NaTPP. The nanoparticles were characterized by their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency against total phenolic compound, flavonoid, and anthocyanin. The ones with the best properties were then analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) method and tested for its antioxidant activity against DPPH. The results showed that all of the formula variations produced particle size in the range of 147.0-566.2 nm with a polydispersity index of < 0.5 and zeta potential between 0.45-45.90 mV. Also, the absorption efficiencies of phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin were 72.62-84.24%, 55.18-92.05%, and 75.67-97.96%, respectively. Overall, the best characteristics were presented by the combination of 0.1% chitosan and 0.01% NaTPP, which produced 246.4-nm nanoparticles with a polydispersity index of 0.418, and zeta potential of 26.60 mV. These nanoparticles also contained phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin with good absorption efficiencies, namely 78.5186%, 92.05%, and 97.96%, respectively. SEM analysis showed that these nanoparticles were round and had a soft surface. The radical scavenging activities of the extract and the nanoparticles against DPPH, as presented by the IC50 values, were 19.614 ppm and 160 ppm
Improving the in vitro penetration of niacinamide using span 60-based niosomal system in gel formulation
Get PDFNiacinamide is one of the components of cosmeceutical products that reported to have skin benefits for the treatment of skin pigmentation, acne and wrinkles. However, the dermal penetration of niacinamide is poor. The carrier system which can be selected to carry the compound through the stratum corneum layer is the niosome system using span 60. This study was aimed to determine the concentration of span 60 that can trap niacinamide optimally and the ability of niosome system span 60 to increase in vitro penetration of niacinamide in gel formulation. The different formulations of nicotinamide niosome were formulated with variance concentrations of Span 60, that is, formula A 100 μmol, formula B 150 μmol, and formula C 200 μmol. The entrapment efficiency testing was conducted using dialysis membrane. The gel formulation was prepared in two formulas, niacinamide niosome gel and niacinamide gel (without niosomes) and tested diffusion using Franz diffusion cell flow-through type. The result show that Formula A provides the most optimum entrapment efficiency of 99.03±0.026%. The results of the in vitro skin penetration studies for 8 hours indicate that the niosomal formulation using Span 60 could increase skin penetration with the percent cumulative amount of niacinamide niosomes was 82.87±1.6932% compared to niacinamide in gel without noisome system about 70.27±5,3212%