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Anti-inflammation and anti-platelet aggregation activities of the ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum leaves in Wistar rats
Get PDFGraptophyllum pictum is a well-known folk medicine in Indonesia. The red leaves are widely used for their anti-inflammatory properties to relieve hemorrhoids. However, little is known about to what extent these properties can affect platelet aggregation. This study was aimed to determine the anti-inflammation and anti-platelet aggregation activities of the ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (EEGP). Apart from the ear and hind-paw edema assay, anti-platelet aggregation and bleeding time assay were also performed on male Wistar rats. The test animals were grouped into six groups: three treatment groups termed EEGP100, EEGP600, and EEGP3000 (received 100, 600, and 3000 mg/kg BW of EEGP, respectively), one control-solvent group (1% CMC-Na), and two positive control groups (aspirin and Na-diclofenac). Based on the percentage of edema inhibition, absorbance change, and bleeding time, EEGP600 and EEGP3000 produced a comparable percentage of edema inhibition to that of Na-diclofenac, which was not found in EEGP100. Also, EEGP600 and EEGP3000, but not EEGP100, inhibited platelet aggregation as effective as aspirin (positive control). In conclusion, if administered at 600 and 3000 mg/kg BW, the ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum can function as an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits platelet aggregation.Â
Wound healing activity of aloe vera extract spray on acute wound in male balb/c mice
Get PDFAcute wounds are tissue injuries that are at risk of infection so they require good treatment and care. Aloe vera (Aloe vera L) contains glukomanan compound that are thought to be beneficial in the wound healing process. Spray preparations in the treatment of wounds can provide concentrared content, dry quickly, and easy to use. The purpose of this study was to examine the spray activity of Aloe extract as an acute wound healer in male balb/c mice. This research method is experimental research. The steps that have been carried out include maceration extraction from Aloe vera simplicia powder with 70% ethanol which is then thick extracted in freeze drying to powder extract. Aloe vera spray preparations are made with concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5%. Balb / C mice that had made full thickness acute wounds were divided into 5 treatment groups namely positive control (PC), negative control (NC), F1, F2, and F3. Mice were treated for 14 days then the wound ratio was calculated and analyzed with one way anova test followed by post hoc tukey cramer test. The results showed that the higher of the percentage of Aloe vera extract is the higher of the wound healing activity.Â
Antiproliferation activity of water and ethyl acetate red yeast rice fraction against MCM-B2 tumor cells
Get PDFRed yeast rice (RYR), commonly known as angkak, is a functional food fermented by rice using Monascus mushrooms. It has a pigment and flavonoid content that is useful as an antioxidant and plays a role in preventing cancer or tumors. This analysis aims to test the antiproliferation activity of commercial RYR fractions of water and ethyl acetate against Miyazaki Canine Mammary Gland Tumor-Bambang 2 (MCM-B2) breast tumor cells. Research on RYR antiproliferation of cancer-sustaining MCM-B2 cells has not been previously released. In the preliminary study, the antiproliferation bioactivity was measured using the brine shrimp lethality test. The outcome of the brine shrimp lethality test showed that ethyl acetate and water fraction cytotoxicity were more than 1000 ppm and 337.07 ppm, respectively, at a lethal concentration of 50. Antiproliferative activity analyses were performed using direct hemocytometer counting. The antiproliferation activity data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan continuous testing. The outcome showed that the water and ethyl acetate RYR antiproliferation activity against MCM B2 cancer cells correlated positively with the increasing concentration of each fraction. Ethyl acetate and water fractions at concentrations of 350 ppm may inhibit the growth of MCM-B2 cancer cells in vitro, reaching 42.63 percent and 39.84 percent, respectively, not significantly different (P < 0.05) with a positive doxorubicin control of 41.24 percent. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate and water fraction of RYR have potent antiproliferation activity against MCM-B2 breast tumor cells
Antiobesity activity of bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus (Schult.) Kurz) leaves tea in wistar rats
Get PDFObesity is an increase in body weight that exceeds normal and the risk of serious illness. Bambu Tali leaves (Gigantochloa apus (Schult.) Kurz) contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which can inhibit the absorption of fatty acids in the digestive tract and excrete them through feces to lose weight. This study examines the tea activity of the Bambu Tali leaves in inhibiting weight gain, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of obese Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control (standard feed), negative control (HFD), positive control (HFD + Orlistat), and 3 groups of tea doses of Bambu Tali leaves (HFD + 360, HFD + 720, HFD + 1440 mg/kg BW). HFD was given together with the Bambu Tali leaf tea for 35 days. On the 36th day, the blood sample was taken to measure cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The weighing was conducted weekly. The results showed that giving HFDincreased body weight significantly, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (p <0.05). Bambu Tali leaf tea at doses of 720 and 1440 mg/kg BW could significantly inhibit weight gain (p <0.05). Bambu Tali leaf tea with doses of 360, 720, and 1440 mg/kg BW can also inhibit the increase in total cholesterol levels (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the inhibition of a significant increase in triglyceride levels (p <0.05) only occurs at a dose of 1440 mg/kg BW. This study concludes that Bambu Tali leaf tea has antiobesity activity by inhibiting weight gain, total cholesterol levels, and plasma triglycerides of Wistar rats
Prediction of diacerein inhibition activity against interleukin-1 receptors through docking method and tracing of pharmacokinetic profiles and their toxicity
Get PDFIL-1 is one of the cytokines involved in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. IL-1 plays a role in maintaining the balance of proteolytic proteins:MMPs and TIMPs inhibitors. Increased expression and uncontrolled IL-1 activity tend to increase the role of MMPs in degrading proteoglycans and joint tissue collagen. This study aims to reveal the interaction model of one of the osteoarthritis drugs, namely diacerein. A drug belongs to a group of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) to suppressthe development of the disease rate, improving the structure and function of the cartilage and surrounding tissue. "In silico" digital test uses the technique of "molecular docking: used as a method of the approach using the MOE 2007.09 software application. The test material was in the form of a diacerein 3D structure and five control ligands, while the IL-1β / IL-1RI receptor template was downloaded from pdb.org (PDB ID: 1ITB). The ligand pharmacokinetic profile will also be displayed obtained through the ADMETSAR server. The docking results showed diacerein had the lowest docking score of -12.3285 kcal/mol with the strongest affinity, the best pharmacokinetic profile but more toxic. This study proves that the mechanism of diacerein inhibition of IL-1β / IL-1RI receptors is similar to dexamethasone, prednisolone,and minocycline
The relationship between drug therapy adherence and the results of blood pressure targets achievement in hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia complications at Government Hospital in Yogyakarta
Get PDFHypertension is a chronic disease that affects most people. Almost every people have certain specific factors that can cause this disease to increase. One of which is inadequate physical activity so that cholesterol levels remain and tend to get higher, which is a risk factor for heart and blood vessel disorders. Patients with this disease and having dyslipidemia complications must treat with appropriate therapy until reaching success. The patient's adherence determines the success of the treatment. Therefore the purpose of this research is to assess the relationship. Its objects were hypertensive patients at the Government Hospital in Yogyakarta. The specialty of the hypertensive patient is having dyslipidemia complications. The study uses non-experimental with a cross-sectional study. The sample was selected based on the purposive sampling technique in December 2018-February 2019. The measurement of therapy adherence used MARS questionnaire and the achievement of therapy targets through secondary data on patient blood pressure. Chi-square test was chosen to determine the relationship between 2 variables, which are therapy adherence and achieving blood pressure targets. The sample in this study were 47 respondents, of which 53.2% of the patients were <60 years old, in which 51.1% of them were female. The results showed that patients who were adherent to therapy were 25.5%, and those who were not were 74.5%. The results of achieving the blood pressure target are known to be 68.1%. The data analysis results showed that the one-way hypothesis in Fisher's test obtaining p-value = 0.171 (p> 0.05) was no relationship between adherence and target achievement. Therefore the results of this study concluded that there is no relationship between drug therapy adherence and blood pressure targets achievement
The relationship between NFκβ-p65 and PGE2 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocyte cells after mesenchymal stem cell Wharton Jelly Treatment
Get PDFThe genes involved in cartilage degradation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis ( OA) are the Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NFĸβ) gene, which plays a vital role in modulating cartilage damage involving activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This pure experimental research aimed at analyzing the relationship between the expression of NFĸβ genes after administration of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis synoviocytes in vitro from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs). The samples were isolated from synovial tissues of patients with osteoarthritis who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery and then divided into six treatment groups, each with four replicates. Groups I and II were the synoviocyte-control classes of 24h and 48h (synoviocytes, incubated for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Groups III and IV were control groups of 24h and 48h WJ-MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells derived from the Wharton's Jelly, incubated for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Finally, Groups V and VI were the 24-hour and 48-hour co-cultural treatment groups (synoviocyte co-culture and WJ-MSCs, Incubated, for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Using qPCR, PGE2 gene and NF NFκβ gene expressions were observed in each population. Tests showed 0.61 and 0.61, respectively, after the administration of WJ-MSCs, the expressions of the NFκβ-p65 and PGE2 genes in the 24h classes. In the 48h group, meanwhile, both numbers fell to 0.15 and 0.47, respectively. These indicate a strong correlation between the NFκβ-p65 gene and PGE2 gene expressions in OA synovial cells after the administration of MSC-WJ (r = 0.903)
Impact of supplementation with beetroot juice (Beta vulgaris L) on levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidant status in athletes
Get PDFStrenuous physical activity can increase lipid peroxidation, which is characterized by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of antioxidants. It can drop the athlete's performance and health. It is possible to avoid or reduce lipid peroxidation through supplementation with antioxidants. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) produces different forms of natural antioxidants; however, its effectiveness still needs to be investigated. This research aimed to determine the impact of beetroot juice on the malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant status during strenuous physical activity. The research used experimental (pre-test-post-test) using a control group. The researchers divided a total of 30 students who met the criteria into two groups (Experiment; n = 15; control; n = 15). The experimental group drank 250 mL of the juice 1 hour before training for four weeks. After the strenuous physical activity was carried out with a beep test, the researchers also checked the concentrations of MDA, TAC, and VO2max. The findings indicated a decrease in MDA concentration and an increase in TAC and VO2max to the training group that received 250 ml beet juice (p <0.05). The research concluded that beetroot juice administration during exercise could reduce malondialdehyde concentration and increase total antioxidant capacity and VO2max in athletes
Evaluation of sperm quality in male rats treated with Sauropus androgynus (L.) merr. leaf fractions
Get PDFSauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. or katuk is one of the medicinal plants broadly used in Indonesia as it has active compounds that can, among others, stimulate reproductive hormones. This study was aimed to determine which active fraction of S. androgynus leaves that have the potential to improve the sperm quality of male rats based on three parameters, namely sperm count, viability, and motility. It employed fractionation using the liquid-liquid technique with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents to obtain the fractions. Twenty-four mature Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four equal groups: the normal group (untreated group) received 0.5% Na-CMC suspense, and the three fraction groups were given the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction p.o., respectively, at the dose of 11.85 mg.Kg-1 BW daily for seven days. Sperm count, viability, and motility were measured on Day 8 (after treatment) from the sperm samples collected at the cauda epididymis of the sacrificed test rats. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions significantly increased the three parameters (p<0.05). Therefore, the S. androgynus leaf fractions have the potential as a natural material that can increase the fertility of male rats.Â
The ethanol extract of the bastard cedar (Guazuma ulmifolia L.) as antioxidants
Get PDFGuazuma ulmifolia, or commonly known as the bastard cedar, has many pharmaceutical activities and is, therefore, claimed as a source of various plant-based medicines. This reserach was purposed to identify the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of G. ulmifolia (EEGU) by phytochemical screening assay, total flavonoid and total phenolic testing, and comparative analysis between the antioxidant activities of EEGU and epicatechin. The qualitative phytochemical screening assay of EEGU detected the availability of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, but not saponins and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, the total phenolic content was 32.24 µg GAE/mg extract, and the total flavonoid content decided using aluminum chloride reagent with quercetin standard, was 6.48 µg QE/mg extract. The role of antioxidants examined by FRAP, DPPH, H2O2, and ABTS assays. These assay are proved that the IC50 values of EEGU are higher than those of epicatechin. For DPPH scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, and ABTS reduction activities, EEGU resulted IC50 45.70 μg/mL, 162.93 μg/mL, and 35.96 μg/mL, while epicatechin only yielded IC50 0.56 μg/mL, 57.91 μg/mL, and 16.74 μg/mL respectively. Otherwise, the highest reduction in FRAP activities were shown at  50 μg/mL concentration  of epicatechin and EEGU were 236.33 and 202.71 µM Fe (II)/µg respectively. Based on these results, EEGU is concluded as an active natural product because it exhibit antioxidant activities