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The effect of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice combination on the ethanol-induced gastric of mice
Get PDFGastric ulcers can be caused by active inflammation due to impaired mucosal integrity, which causes local or widespread lesions. Gastric ulcers can occur due to the use of ethanol, which has a local effect on the gastric. Therefore, the continuous consumption of ethanol can damage gastric cells. Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus contain flavonoids, which are well-known to reduce stomach acid as a curative agent. The objective of this study is to see the effect of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice as a preventive agent on alcohol-induced gastric ulcers in mice (Mus musculus). A combination of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus was given at a dose of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW. Specifically, Raphanus sativus was given at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, Pachyrhizus erosus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, and positive control was included using sucralfate. The treatment was carried out for 12 days, and 1 hour after the last day of treatment, 20 ml/kgBW of ethanol induction was given 24 hours after the animals were dissected. The results showed that the index value of gastric ulcers in the normal group, negative control, and the combination of Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice given orally at a dose of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW (Raphanus sativus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, Pachyrhizus erosus at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW, and sucralfate as positive control) were 0; 4.00; 1.00; 1.33; 2.33; 2.67; 0 and 2.00. The results of the histopathological analysis also showed improvement in the gastric of mice fed with Pachyrhizus erosus juice. Therefore, it is inferred that treatment using Raphanus sativus and Pachyrhizus erosus juice can reduce the number of ulcers, increase ratio protection, and repair the cells in gastric histopathology. Additionally, giving a single dose of Pachyrhizus erosus juice results in a more significant gastric improvement.Â
In-vitro studies on antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit ethanolic extract from Indonesia
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that can be identified by high levels of blood glucose. Garcinia plants have been widely used for many traditional medicines as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetics, and antiinflammation. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) or sesoot fruit extract were evaluated in this study and compared with xanthone. The antioxidant and antidiabetic of ethanolic ripe sesoot (G. picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit extract (GpKar) was evaluated by (ABTS) reducing activity, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitor activity. GpKar showed higher ABTS-reducing activity (IC50 = 49.30 µg/mL) than xanthone (IC50 = 404.30 µg/mL). GpKar showed IC50 = 109.32 µg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while xanthones had a better activity (IC50 = 33.97 µg/mL). GpKar also showed lower α-amylase inhibitory activity and β-glucosidase (IC50 = 126.01 and 9432.09 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC50 = 44.32 and 405.03 µg/mL, respectively). The compounds of GpKar are proven to have antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Therefore, it will be industrially relevant to develop a natural medicine for decreasing DM risk, thus evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of G. picrorrhiza by a pre-clinic study is needed
Isolation and identification of secondary metabolites in ethyl acetate extract from the Maja bark (Aegle marmelos Linn.)
Get PDFThis exploratory study resulted in the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites in ethyl acetate extracts from the Maja bark (Aegle marmelos Linn.) from Pattappa Village, Pujananting Subregency, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. The stages of isolation included maceration, fractionation, and purification. Maceration was performed with methanol, fractionation with ethyl acetate, a particular ratio of acetone (9:1) was used, and purification was done by flowing nitrogen gaseous into the E5 fraction. Furthermore, the classification test and FTIR spectrophotometer were carried out for identification. Pure isolates in the form of white crystals were obtained with a melting point of 242oC. Reagent tests indicated a brown precipitate on Wagner's test and a white precipitate on Mayer's test. Infrared-spectrophotometric identification provided typical absorption for such functional groups as NH, aliphatic CH, aromatic C=C, and amine CN. The reagent tests and FTIR-spectrophotometer identification confirmed that the secondary metabolites fit well into the class of alkaloids
Identification of SNP rs1799854 ABCC8 gene and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Moewardi hospital Surakarta Solo
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Polymorphisms in the ABCC8 gene rs1799854 are widely found to have an association with T2DM, where the ABCC8 gene encodes the SUR1 protein from the K-ATP channel that plays a role in insulin secretion in cells β pancreas. Mutations in the ABCC8 gene can cause potassium channels and insulin secretions problems that possibly decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polymorphisms in some populations have been reported, but similar research on Solo's population has never been conducted. The purpose of this study is to identify the genotype of the ABCC8 gene in rs1799854 and the therapeutic outcome of blood glucose levels in T2DM patients. This research is cross-sectional research conducted prospectively at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Solo. Blood samples were collected from 10 T2DM patients who received sulfonylurea monotherapy taken through veins for genotype examination by DNA isolation, PCR amplification, and sequencing. Parameters of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c are measured as therapeutic outcomes. We found the dominant results in a mutant homozygote (TT) 40%; while wild type (CC); and a mutant heterozygote (CT) was 30%. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) of ABCC8 gene rs1799854, found in T2DM patients at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Solo, who received sulfonylurea therapy
Potentials of rose (Rosa damascena) petals and receptacles extract as antioxidant and antihyaluronidase
Get PDFFree radicals affect aging by unspecific lead breakdown to macromolecules, like DNA, lipids, and proteins. The degradation of the extracellular matrix affects skin aging and correlated with the hyaluronidase enzyme. Rose (Rosa damascena) petal extract and rose receptacle extract can scavenge free radicals, thus hindering the aging process. This study examines phenolic and flavonoid content, the antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase potential owned by rose petal extract (RPE), and rose receptacle extract (RRE) inhibiting skin aging. In this study, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity assay was done to analyze the antioxidant activity while the hyaluronidase inhibitory assay analyzed antiaging activity. The characteristic of RPE and RRE were measured the phenolics and flavonoids content. The phenolics content of  RPE and RRE were 9.66 μg GAE/mg RPE and 4.31  μg GAE/mg RRE, respectively, while the flavonoids content of  RPE and RRE respectively 1.22 μg QE/mg RPE and 0.59 μg QE/mg RRE. The median inhibitory (IC50) of H2O2 scavenging of RPE (207.99 µg/mL) was more active than RRE (348.24 µg/mL). RPE's anti-hyaluronidase (IC50: 51.68 µg/mL) is as effective as RRE (IC50: 51.98 µg/mL). Antioxidant and antiaging activities possessed by RPE and RRE are promising natural agents for aging therapy
Enzyme assays on GPx and SOD in alloxan-induced diabetic mice given yellow velvet leaf (Limnocharis flava) extracts
Get PDFIn a pathological condition such as diabetes, the increase of oxidative stress may decrease endogenous antioxidant activities, so the body cannot detoxify free radicals and prevent cell damage. The yellow velvet leaf is one of the natural antioxidant sources. This research investigates anti-hyperglycemic activities of ethanol extracts from yellow velvet leaves and SOD and GPx activities, the antioxidant enzymes. This experimental laboratory research used a posttest only group design. This research subjects were 25 alloxan-induced white male rats of Wistar strains conditioned as the type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The rats were clustered into five groups: the group I was the no-treatment control group, the group II was the positive control group given glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW(rat's body weight) as the treatment, and group III, IV, and V were the experimental groups treated with yellow velvet leaf ethanol extracts with the doses of 32.5 mg/kg BW, 65 mg/kg BW and 130 mg/kg BW respectively. The activity tests of SOD and GPx, furthermore, were conducted. The results revealed that the dose of 130 mg was the most effective in increasing SOD and GPx activities. The increase of SOD and GPx levels also influenced the blood glucose level, which decreased significantly on 130mg. When the blood sugar level decreases, the stress oxidative itself can be reduced, increasing the endogenous antioxidant activities. It was concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow velvet leaf (Limnocharis flava) on the dose of 130mg/kg BW has a significant influence on SOD and GPx activities in alloxan-induced diabetic RA, and not significantly different from glibenclamid
P53 expression in ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine
Get PDFKetamine and ketamine-xylazine are often used as anesthetic drugs in animal models of ischemia. However, their neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in ischemic animal models that have undergone tBCCAO are still under debate. The protein p53 is a pro-apoptotic factor involved in the cellular mechanism of ischemia. The interaction between death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK 1) and p53 is fundamental in determining whether cells experience necrosis or apoptosis in an ischemic stroke. This study was purposed to identify the presence or absence of differences between the p53 expressions in the brains of tBCCAO-induced ischemic rat models after the administration of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine. It employed a post-test control group design with four groups of adult male Wistar rats as the subject: (1) sham group operated with ketamine, (2) sham group operated with ketamine-xylazine, (3) models of tBCCAO-induced ischemia with ketamine, and (4) models of tBCCAO-induced ischemia with ketamine-xylazine. Ketamine was administered at the dose of 75mg/kg BW, while xylazine was at 8 mg/kg BW. The expression of p53 in rat brains was assessed by semi-quantification, specifically IHC staining with anti-p53 antibodies. P53 expression appeared as brownish stains in the cytoplasm of forebrain pyramidal neurons, and in this study, it was measured using the Allred score. The ANOVA test yielded a p-value of >0.05, implying the absence of difference between the p53 expressions in the brains of tBCCAO-induced ischemic rat models receiving ketamine and ketamine-xylazine
Validation methods for evaluation of ceiba honey’s growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633
Get PDFAgar diffusion and turbidimetry were commonly used to evaluation of  antibacterial activity of honey. However, there is no report about which one of these two methods is better. This study attempts to validate the agar diffusion method and turbidimetry used for growth inhibitory assay of ceiba honey against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 based on validation parameters including Limit of Detection (LOD), linearity, precision, and selectivity. The samples were ceiba honey aqueous solutions in concentration 20%-100%. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods were 35% and 30% respectively, considered as LOD. In agar diffusion method, plot of inhibitory zone diameter against log of honey concentration yields linear regression equation with r = 0.9804 and Vx0=1.06%, while r and Vx0of linear plot from % transmittance against log concentration in the turbidimetric method were 0.9748 and 1.24% respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) in agar diffusion method were 1.78% for repeatability and 3.13% for intermediate precision) whereas CV in turbidimetric were 3.64% and 4.05% respectively. Agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods were selective because different source of ceiba honey could give different response in term of MIC. It can be concluded that the agar diffusion and turbidimetric method were valid and suitable for growth inhibitory assay of ceiba honey against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and there was no significant differences between these methods. The turbidimetry was more sensitive than the agar diffusion method because of its lower LOD and it has more simple experimental technique
Effects of modified brief counseling-5A on illness perception, compliance with medication, and fasting blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patients
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease with persistently increasing prevalence. When patients lack knowledge of their illness and compliance with oral drug therapy, it can lead to treatment failure. This study aims to determine the effect of counseling on disease perception and medication adherence for patients with diabetes mellitus. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to determine the effects of counseling on illness perception and adherence to medication among patients with diabetes mellitus. A sample of 72 patients was selected by consecutive sampling technique and, then, evenly divided into two, namely counseling group and non-counseling group. The data were collected prospectively through observation, interview, brief counseling with the 5A strategies, and questionnaire survey. The result show that counseling had a significant effect on illness perception (p=0.000). Counseling had a significant effect on adherence to medication (p=0.027). Counseling had a significant effect on lowered blood sugar levels (p=0.028). Conclusion: counseling is believed to be able to reduce patients’ negative perceptions of diabetes mellitus and, consequently, increase adherence to oral drug consumption.Â
Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity of Bacillus tequilensis BSM-F symbiotic with Halichondria panicea sponge from the Cabbiya Coast, Madura, Indonesia
Get PDFSponges form obligate symbiotic associations with antibiotic-producing microorganisms. Many factors, including climate change, anthropogenic pollution, introduced species, and nutrient enrichment, have all been linked to the specific character of marine-symbiotic microorganisms. This recent study investigated the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity of Bacillus tequilensis BSM-F in solid fermentation media, Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA), ZMA was added with various carbon and nitrogen sources at different concentrations to evaluate the effect of enrichment media on the antibacterial activity. The carbon sources used were glucose, glycerol, lactose, and starch, while the nitrogen sources were beef extract, soybean meal, malt extract, and casein. Each of which was added to ZMA at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v. The inhibitory activity was denoted as the activity index, i.e., the ratio of the diameter of zone of inhibition to the diameter of the bacterial colony. B. tequilensis BSM-F exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 when cultured in media containing glycerol and casein. The optimum condition was achieved when glycerol and casein were each added to ZMA at 1.5% w/v