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The effect of zinc oxide and Curcuma heyneana Val. combination on stability and sun protection factor (SPF) of lotion
Get PDFIndonesian people risk-averse effects of Ultraviolet (UV) exposure, so they need skin protection agents. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an effective UV reflection, but at a concentration of more than 10%, it can cause skin irritation. Combining ZnO with other UV protective agents is necessary, so its concentration can be reduced but still effective. The flavonoid in C. heyneana has potential as a sunscreen because chromophore groups can absorb UV B and UV A light. This study aims to examine the effect of the combination of ZnO and C. heyneana on the stability and SPF value of lotion. The lotion is made in five variations of the composition of ZnO and C. heyneana, F1 of 100: 0%; F2 of 0:100%; F3 of 50:50%; F4 of 25:75%; and F5 of 75:25% respectively. Test parameters include organoleptic, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and SPF. The test is recorded before and after the cycling test. Statistical analysis using Paired Sample T-Test. The combination of ZnO and C. heyneana affected organoleptic, viscosity, spreadability, and SPF value but did not affect pH. The higher concentration of ZnO will increase the viscosity, pH, and SPF but decrease the spreadability. The formula with a combination of ZnO and C. heyneana of 50%:50% is selected because it has an SPF value of 13.24 and; a viscosity of 48.67 d.Pas; pH of 7.1; and spreadability of 3.81 cm.
The comparison between combination of candesartan-amlodipine and candesartan-furosemide on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease
Get PDFChronic renal disease is significantly increased by hypertension. Controlling blood pressure is critical in hypertensive individuals. Patients who have good blood pressure (BP) control can reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare blood pressure reduction of candesartan-amlodipine with the candesartan-furosemide combination in hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease. The study was conducted by a cohort study design. Retrieval of medical record data was carried out prospectively during the period February-April 2019. The blood pressure reduction was assessed by changes in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure and was analyzed statistically with the SPSS program. A total of 54 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 27 patients receiving candesartan-amlodipine combination and 27 patients receiving candesartan-furosemide combination therapy. The results of the sociodemographic characteristics patients were male 30 patients (55.6%), age 56-65 years 24 patients (44.4%), senior high school education level 31 patients (57.4%). Candesartan-amlodipine and candesartan-furosemide combinations both decreased blood pressure in patients. However, the result of the statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in blood pressure decline. (p> 0.05) between the two combinations
Antibacterial activity of methanol extract Rhizophora mucronata leaves toward Salmonella typhi: leading the typhoid fever
Get PDFThe community has utilized Mangrove extensively, particularly as a component of traditional medicine. Rhizophora mucronata is one species that possess antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. According to reports, R. mucronata has antibacterial properties against the Salmonella typhi bacteria that cause typhoid fever. This research aims to obtain a methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves and assess its antibacterial potential as natural new medicine, particularly for treating typhoid fever. The extraction method is maceration with a 70 percent methanol solvent. Well, diffusion is utilized to determine antibacterial activity. Alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, tannin, and triterpenoid are the chemical compounds identified in the methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves (MERmL). Ten percent concentration of MERmL exhibited moderate antibacterial activity (7.970.25 mm), whereas 30 percent concentration (11.380.29 mm) and 50 percent concentration (16.070.40 mm) exhibited intense antibacterial activity. Based on these findings, R. mucronata leaf methanol extracts with higher concentrations have more potent antibacterial activity against S. typhi in typhoid fever treatments
Incision wound healing test ethanolic extract gel from Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) leaves in white male rats
Get PDFEkor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) leaves have been researched and tested. So, it was known that the chemical content of secondary metabolites effect wound healing. This study aimed to determine the gel effect of ekor naga leaves extracts as a wound healing medicine. The research method evaluated organoleptic, pH, spreadability, and adhesion of gel preparations which were measured every week for four weeks. The testing of gel effect on the wound healing medicine was being performed. In 5 treatment groups namely positive control: Bioplasenton, Formula 0: negative control, Formula 1: 10% extract concentration, Formula 2: 15% extract concentration, and Formula 3: 20% extract concentration. The result obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and continued by the Duncan test with a level of 95% confidence. The research results showed that formula 3 has the best wound healing effect, followed by formulas 2 and 1. The statistical results have a significant difference (p<0,05), but the results of stability observations of the formula two preparation have a stable. Evaluation value for four weeks of observation with a care effect of 95.3%. So, formula 2 is the best formula for stability and testing wound healing effectiveness
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanol extract of Ekor Naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott ) in alloxan-induced male white rats
Get PDFAntidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic have a very close relationship for Mellitus Diabetics. In previous research, Ekor Naga leaves (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) had an antihyperglycemic effect. The effect was obtained from the presence of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. This research is expected to be a further test of the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of alloxan-induced male white rats. This research used an experimental method. The treatment group was divided into four groups, namely negative control (Na CMC 0,5%), positive control (10 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide), group one (250 mg/kg BW of Ekor Naga leaves extract), and group two (500 mg/kg BW of Ekor Naga leaves extract). Data were taken from blood sugar levels on the days 0th, 7th, 10th, and 14th. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels were observed on the 14th day. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. The followed by Duncan’s test. The result of ethanol extract from Ekor Naga leaves showed antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in alloxan-induced rats, which had a statistically significant difference relative the negative control (p<0,05) decreased the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides. Where the best group is two (500 mg/kg BW of Extract) and followed by group one (250 mg/kg BW of Extract). We concluded that Ekor Naga leaves extract provides activity in the treatment option for patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia
Models for predicting the quality of life domains on the general population through the orange data mining approach
Get PDFThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been predicted to increase until 2045 in the world. Furthermore, long-term treatment and lifestyle factors affect the quality of life. This study aims to determine the models that can be used to predict the quality-of-life domains in prediabetes patients by using Artificial Intelligent (AI) devices. This is a cross-sectional design in which the inclusion criteria were individuals of age above 18 years and has never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (both type 1 DM and type 2 DM), fasted for at least 8 hours, and are willing to sign an informed consent after having received an explanation. Participants were asked to fill out two questionnaires, namely the Indonesian version of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L). The AI application uses Orange® machine learning with three models used in predictive analysis, such as Logistic Regression, Neural Network, and SVM. In addition, the model was evaluated using the sensitivity, precision, and accuracy of the AU-ROC parameters. The results showed that the neural network model based on the AUC value, precision, accuracy, and also the ROC analysis, was the best for predicting the utility index of domains in the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, based on demographic data and the FINDRISC questionnaire
Sleep quality and duration during pandemic uninvolved to impaired fasting glucose and hyperuricemia among health care practitioners
Get PDFSleep quality and sleep duration might be more disturbed throughout the pandemic of Covid-19 among health care practitioners (HCPs). It could influence impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and hyperuricemia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association between sleep with IFG and hyperuricemia among HCPs throughout the pandemic of Covid-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled 58 HCPs in the tertiary hospital. Self-reported questionnaire related to their sleep quality and duration using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed by participants. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and uric acid (UA) were examined after 10-12 hours of fasting to define IFG and hyperuricemia. A total of 58 HCPs detected 34.5% had IFG and 24.1% had hyperuricemia. We could not identify any statistically significant participants characteristic based on IFG. HCPs who shift workers were 21.4% hyperuricemia compared to 54.4 non-hyperuricemia (p=0.03). There were no different characteristics according to the quality and duration of sleep, where 72.4% HCPs had good quality and duration of sleep. However, we found that sleep medication used scores were higher in IFG group (0.30 ± 0.57) than non-IFG (0.03 ± 0.16) (p<0.01). This study could not detect a significant relationship between quality and/or duration of sleep, with IFG and hyperuricemia. Shift worker significant associated with hyperuricemia (p<0.05). The association between quality and duration of sleep with IFG and hyperuricemia was not found among HCPs, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. An alert where the IFG group had high sleep medication used scores, and shift workers had a lower risk of hyperuricemia
Pandan Wangi rice as reference food and the use of 25 g portion in glycemic index test
Get PDFThe notion of the Glycemic Index (GI) can be utilized to aid in the choosing of foods for a healthy diet, leading to low GI claims that have been commonly found in various food products. The convenience of the test subject could affect GI results, such as the type of reference food and how much of it to be consumed. Therefore, the goals of this research were to see if white rice (Pandan Wangi) could be used as a reference food and to compare GI result obtained from a different portion of available carbohydrate. The recruited subjects ranged in age from 21-36 years old with BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Glucose measurement and sample testing (white rice and cookies) were conducted in the experiment. Overnight fasting was required of volunteers, and blood samples were obtained using One Touch Ultra Lifescan. There were seven points of blood sampling with triplication of glucose testing GI values were calculated with Incremental Area Under Curves (IAUC). The result means of GI were 74±16 (white rice), 60±24 (wheat cookies), 38±14 (NS-cookies), and 39±16 (HMT-cookies). The correlation between IAUC glucose and rice was significant with r=0.834 (n=10, p<0,01). GI of white rice based on 25g available carbohydrates (AVCHO) was significantly different from GI based on 50g AVHCO (n=10, p<0.05). Pandan Wangi white rice can be used to substitute glucose or white bread in GI tests with a conversion factor of 0.74. It needed further study regarding the use of 25 g AVCHO as the basic portion in GI test.
In vitro antidiabetic activity of Peperomia pellucida extract and fraction by alpha-amylase inhibition pathway
Get PDFThe development of type 2 diabetes is influenced by the important role of post-prandial blood glucose management. One strategy in controlling post-prandial hyperglycemia can be done by inhibiting the digestion of dietary carbohydrates through inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme. Natural alpha amylase enzyme inhibition strategy that utilizes natural ingredients is an important alternative in the development of antidiabetic drugs. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as an antidiabetic is Peperomia pellucida. This study aims to examine the effects of antidiabetic extracts and fractions of Peperomia pellucida in inhibiting alpha amylase enzyme. The research was conducted by determining the total flavonoid using quercetin standard. Antidiabetic studies were carried out by looking at the activity of extracts and fractions of Peperomia pellucida in inhibiting alpha amylase enzyme using visible spectrophotometry method. Data analysis was performed by entering the absorbance value into the standard quercetin curve, while the IC50 value of in vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by entering the value 50 on the curve between the sample concentration and % inhibition of the alpha amylase enzyme. The results showed that the total flavonoid values of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the herb were 88.24 mg QE/g extract and 80.45 mg QE/g fraction, respectively. Based on the results, the inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme showed that the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the herbs had inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of the ethanol extract 1065.54 g/mL and the ethyl acetate fraction 906.53 g/mL. While the control of acarbose showed an IC50 value of 379.45 g/mL. The ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of Peperomia pellucida herbs have the potential to be developed as antidiabetic agents with the mechanism of action of inhibiting the activity of the alpha amylase enzyme
Effect of consumption of vegetables and fruit on nitric oxide levels and T-glutathione levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Get PDFGlutathione is an antioxidant that plays a role in preventing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, including in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). One of the factors that affect glutathione status is the individual's ability to produce glutathione and in diabetic patients, T-glutathione levels have decreased. This study aims to determine the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption habits on plasma levels of T-Glutathione. This research method is analytic observational with cross sectional findings, the sample used is 85 subjects in the form of archives of biological materials. Data on habits of consuming vegetables and fruits were collected through interviews, plasma T-GSH levels were determined biochemically using the Elabscience GSH Assay Kit and then analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the average plasma T-GSH levels in patients with the habit of consuming vegetables and fruit and those who did not, were 13.54 ± 3.34 mol/L and 12.73 ± 1.44 mol/L, respectively, but not found a significant difference relationship (p = 0.222). This study provides information that the habit of consuming vegetables and fruit does not provide a significant difference to plasma T-GSH levels in T2DM patients. But these habits still need to be done for health maintenance. Further research is needed that is more specific to the amount and type of certain vegetables and fruits consumed and how to cook them