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Development of detection method for carcinogenic compounds using radish seeds Raphanus sativus, L via measuring the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity
Get PDFConvincing data regarding carcinogenic substances is very useful for handling materials correctly to avoid exposure to cancer-triggering substances in the body. To collect as much carcinogen data as possible, low-requirement carcinogen detection setups need to be developed. In this study, the first steps in the development of carcinogen detection through functional protein expression assessment are reported. Hydrazine sulfate, one of the well-known carcinogens chosen as a model material, was tested on germinating seeds of Raphanus sativus, L, with various concentrations, namely 0 (control), 1 mM, 10 mM, and 100 mM. Within a predetermined germination time, seeds and/or sprouts were observed and germination rate, protein concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. The results showed that hydrazine sulfate slowed seed germination, and increased 72-h protein concentration but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the control group. This suggests that changes in alkaline phosphatase activity in seeds during germination have the potential to be a marker for cancer. In this research, it can be concluded that the method used can be applied as a first step to prove the carcinogenicity of a compound
Effect of ethanol solvent concentrations in pepino melon fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton) extraction on total flavonoid, phenolic, and beta-carotene content
Get PDFThe quality of an extract is determined by the type and level of compounds contained therein. The solvent is one of the elements that influences the extract's quality. Therefore, extraction must be carried out using a solvent that can extract bioactive substances. This study was aimed at obtaining the optimal concentration of ethanol in extracting flavonoids, phenolics, and beta-carotene from pepino melon fruit. In this study, dried pepino melon fruit was extracted using ethanol of 50%, 70%, and 96%. The extracts were analyzed qualitatively for phenolic and flavonoid using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitatively using a spectrophotometry. Meanwhile, beta-carotene levels were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data of level flavonoid, phenolic, and beta-carotene were statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that 50%, 70%, and 96% ethanol solvent produced extracts with a yield value of 51.8%; 87.4%; 54.6%; total flavonoid content of 0.298 ± 0.04 mgQE/g; 0.559 ± 0.03 mgQE/g; 0.289 ± 0.01 mgQE/g; total phenolic content of 4.763 ± 0.08 mgGAE/g; 3.631 ± 0.12 mgGAE/g; 3.317 ± 0.10 mgGAE/g; beta-carotene level of 0.157 ± 0.02 mg/g; 0.910 ± 0.16 mg/g; 1.054 ± 0.13 mg/g, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in different ethanol concentrations in extraction with the content of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and beta-carotene (p<0.05). The optimal ethanol solvent for extracting flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and beta-carotene from pepino melon fruit was 70% ethanol
Formulation and evaluation of orally disintegrating film (ODF) containing piperine-succinic acid cocrystal
Get PDFPiperine is a type of alkaloid found in plants of the Piperaceae family, including Piper nigrum and Piper longum, which has numerous pharmacological properties and is being developed as a nutraceutical. However, its poor solubility makes delivering in effective doses for therapeutic purposes challenging. To overcome this limitation, the cocrystals of piperine and succinic acid was prepared, which are more soluble, and then formulated into orally disintegrating films (ODFs) for better delivery. The cocrystals were formed using the slurry method, while the ODFs were made using the solvent-casting method with different concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. The resulting films were evaluated for various parameters, such as their organoleptic characteristics, weight and thickness uniformity, pH, moisture content, swelling properties, and disintegration time. The results showed that the ODF with 6% HPMC as a film-forming polymer and 0.6% PEG 400 as a plasticizer loaded with 10 mg of piperine in the form of piperine-succinic acid cocrystal was the best formula. This ODF formulation disintegrated in less than one minute and was found to be a good film with uniform content
Evaluation and clinical activity test of various concentrations of peel-off gel mask of robusta coffee seed extract (Coffea canephora) as anti-aging
Get PDF Robusta coffee beans contain antioxidant compounds having anti-aging properties. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in robusta coffee bean extract, anti-aging effectiveness, and the best peel-off gel mask preparation concentration. The extraction method in this study used maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent. The extraction results were carried out by phytochemical screening and formulation of peel-off gel mask preparations, then tested for anti-aging effectiveness using 12 female volunteers and observed signs of aging, including pores, spots, wrinkles, and moisture for four weeks. Robusta coffee bean extraction results obtained a yield of 9.2%. The results of phytochemical screening showed that robusta coffee bean extract contains flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The results of the evaluation of the 0.5% formula of robusta coffee bean extract were the most preferred by volunteers. The best effectiveness and concentration test results were found in the peel-off gel mask preparation of 2% robusta coffee bean extract formula (F2) compared to blank and F1 (p-value <0.05). The percentage of improvement in the condition of the volunteers' skin, including pores, spots, wrinkles, and moisture, is 21.88 ± 4.22%, 21.57 ± 3.25%, 17.71 ± 2.44%, and 21.25 ± 3.62%, respectively
Publication trend of TMPRSS2 as SARS-CoV-2 receptor during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not yet been fully under public health control, which is still currently impacting a large number of people worldwide in 2023. Since the pandemic emerged, the growing number of publications related to TMPRSS2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor worldwide has increased rapidly with various findings and qualities. It is important to determine the trend of TMPRSS2 publication as no such studies currently exist that represent the publication trend related to this critical field of study. Here, we employed a bibliometric-based approach to evaluate the research trends of TMPRSS2 mechanistically as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. We identified 1012 research documents published between 2020 and 2022 for this study. The most common document category was "Research Article" (646 articles, 63.84%) followed by "Review Article" (261 articles, 25.79%), and letters to editors (57 articles, 5.63%). Germany was the most cited country with a total of citations (9400 citations), followed by the USA (6409 citations) and China (1788 citations), respectively. In conclusion, given the impact of COVID-19, this study indicated TMPRSS2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor as a timely and highly relevant research topic
Gingerol and shogaol on red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) using high-performance liquid chromatography
Get PDFRed ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is one of the traditional medicines of the Zingiberaceae family, which contains phenolic ketone compounds, including gingerol and shogaol. At high temperatures, gingerol compounds become unstable and will change into shogaol. This study optimized conditions for the simultaneous separation of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the red ginger extract using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method. The analytical conditions consisted of five different methods by modifying the composition of the mobile phase, the elution system, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the optimum UV wavelength. The best conditions for the simultaneous separation using a ratio of water: acetonitrile mobile phase in method 4 with a gradient elution system including 0 min (65:35); 1.5 min (40:60); 5-6.5 min (10:90); 7.5–9 min (0:100); 9.5–12 min (65:35); the mobile phase flow rate was 1.1 mL/min at an optimum wavelength of 230 nm with a retention time of 6-gingerol compound, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively were 4.947; 6.168; 6.554; and 7.412 min and its resolution were 2.267; 1.575; 1.315; and 2.215. Then the tailings factor and asymmetry values were obtained with an average value of ± 1
The effect of temperature solubility on particle size and antibacterial activity of nanosilver of gembili’s inulin
Get PDFGembili Tuber (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is an Indonesia local tuber that reported to have potential as a source of inulin. Inulin is one of fiber types and carbohydrates sources derived from plants and has prebiotic and antibacterial activity. However, inulin long chain has low solubility in water, so it is necessary to modify the solubility in the biosynthetic process. In this study, the biosynthetic process was carried out using inulin as bioreducer of silver ions to help increase the absorption of gembili inulin. Gembili inulin was mixed with silver nitrat solution at variation temperature at 25 ℃ and 60 ℃ of biosynthetic process, in order to produce the expected particle size and antibacterial activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcerichia coli. The results of this study indicate that variations in solubility temperature of inulin in nanosilver biosynthetic produce particle size of 12-49 nm with round shape. Whereas the temperature of inulin solubility did not show any significant difference towards AgNO3 control in the antibacterial activity test against S.aureus and E.coli bacteria. FTIR spectra showed that interaction between functional groups of silver nitrate and gembili inulin. Inulin only acts as a capping agent of nanosilver biosynthetic and does not induce antibacterial activity of nanosilver
Validity and reliability of the world health organisation-five well being index (WHO-5) questionnaire in early detection of depression during Covid-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, including Yogyakarta, has created a psychological impact on the community. One of the psychological impacts is depression. This issue can be overcome by early detecting depression using an instrument called the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Unfortunately, this instrument is currently unavailable in the Indonesian version. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a valid and reliable Indonesian version of the WHO-5, which can later be used by pharmacists as an instrument to early detect depression in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta. This research employed a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were people who visited Apotek UAD 1 and 2, who met the inclusion and were not included in the exclusion criteria. The WHO-5 questionnaire proceeded through a translation process from the English version to the Indonesian version. The original version of the WHO-5 questionnaire, which was the final translated version, was tested on 40 respondents to gain its validity and reliability. The analysis of the validity test using the Pearson Correlation of five questions on the WHO-5 questionnaire has revealed an average value of r = 1, indicating that the questionnaire is valid. The result of the reliability test with Cronbach Alpha is 0.853. In conclusion, the Indonesian version of the WHO-5 questionnaire meets the validity and reliability criteria so that the questionnaire can apply to the community
Fibrotic effect of monoculture, conditioned media and coculture of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells on collagen secretion and mRNA TGF-beta expressions
Get PDFFibrosis is common profound in diabetes condition, they characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix in tissue then cause tissue injury. The study aim to investigate effect of monoculture, conditioned media, and coculture of NIH3T3 cells in LPS-high glucose media conditions on mRNA TGF-B and collagen secretion. The fibroblast NIH3T3 were cultured with various culture type there is mono culture NIH3T3, conditioned media from RAW264.7 culture media, and coculture with RAW264.7 cells (ratio 1:1 and 1:2) in normal media (media containing 4500 mikro g/mL of glucose) and HG-LPS media (media containing LPS 0.25 mikro g/mL and D-glucose 5400 mikro g/mL). Our study shows that mRNA TGF-B and collagen secretion of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells in monoculture and conditioned media from inflammatory macrophages are not statistically different. On other hand, the TGF-B mRNA expression and the relative ratio of collagen secretion in RAW 264.7 and NIH 3T3 cell coculture media with a culture ratio of 1:1 were the highest compared to other models (p kurang dari 0.05). Our study conclude that RAW 264.7 and NIH 3T3 coculture cells (1:1) in LPS and high glucose media is appropriate for fibrosis in vitro models
The sulphated polysaccharide compounds from green algae (Ulva lactuca L) as a potential natural anti-inflammatory agent based on molecular docking study targeting cyclooxygenase-2 receptor
Get PDFThe rare sulphated polysaccharides of green algae have been explored of several activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus. Ulva lactuca L is one of the majoring algae species in Indonesia that promosing to be explored as natural anti-inflammation in the inflammation disorders treatment. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-silico test of anti- inflammatory potency of sulphated polysaccharide chemical constituent of green algae (Ulva lactuca L) against the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. The methods used were the preparation of a protein structure database cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (4COX), protein preparation using the Biovia Discovery Studio application, molecular docking simulation of sulphated polysaccharide compounds on proteins using the Autodock 4.0 application and visualization using Ligpot+ v2.2. The results of docking sulphated polysaccharide compounds with the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, showed a best binding affinity energy of Gluconic acid ulvan -7.62 kcal/mol similar to the control drug sodium diclofenac (-7.81 kcal/mol), followed by Iduronic acid Ulvan -7.57 kcal/mol, Fucoidan (-6.11 kcal/mol), Alpha Carrageenan (-6.93 kcal/mol), and Lambda Carrageenan (-5.38 kcal/mol). In the conclusion based on the molecular docking result, the sulphated polysaccharide compounds in Ulva lactuca L are potential to be developed as natural antiinflammatory agent by in vitro and in vivo investigatio